Science Reviewer
Covalent Bonding- Sharing
3rd Monthly
Chapter 5 (Chemical Bonding)
1. Law of Periodicity –
Arrangement of atoms in the
periodic table follows a certain
pattern.
2. Ionization Energy (IE) – is the
energy needed to remove one
or more electrons form a
neutral atom to form a
positively charged ion.
- Kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol)
3. Cation – A positive ion.
4. Electron Affinity – Is the
energy given off when a
neutral atom in the gas phase
contains an extra electron to
form a negatively charged ion.
-Also measured in kilojoules per
mole.
5. Anions- Negative ions.
2 types of Bonding – Ionic and
Covalent Bonding
1. Ionic Bonding – The transfer
of electrons from lithium to
oxygen or from one atom to
another forms a chemical
bond called ionic bond.
2.
of electron likewise from a
chemical bond known as
covalent bond.
( Multiple Bond – Double and
triple bonds are known as
multiple bonds)
6. Geometry of molecules – The
shapes
Electronegativity of Bonds
0.0-0.4 Nonpolar H(2.1) –
covalent H(2.1)= 0.0
0.4-1.0 Polar H(2.1)-
covalent Cl(3.0)=0.9
1.0-2.0 Polar H(2.1)-
covalent F(4.0)=1.96
>2.0 Ionic Na(0.9)-
Cl(3.0)=2.1
Rule : ALWAYS MINUS.
7. Molecular Polarity –
Combining the polarity of the
bonds on the molecule results.
8. Polar Molecule – Is also said
to be a dipole, which can also
be mathematically computed
through the concept of the
dipole moment.
9. Dipole – Means having two
electrically charged regions or
poles.
5.5 Intermolecular Forces of Writing Formulas or chemical
Attraction formula shorthand way of
writing name of the compound
1. Dipole-dipole interaction- An
attractive intermolecular force Rules :
resulting from the interaction of
1. The first element does not
the positive end of one
have a change in name the
molecule with the negative
second element uses its root
end of another.
word with an ending IDE.
*A combination of dipole
2. Attract both elements are
dipole and London Force is
Greek prefixes which they note
called Van der Waals Force.
the number of atoms in the
2. Instantaneous induced elements.
Dipole- Also called London
1-Mono
forces, is name after Fritze
London. Hasppens when a 2-Di
positively charged body or 3-Tri
polar molecule attracts a
nonpolar molecule by 4-Tetra
attracting the electrons of the 5-Penta
latter onto itself
6-Hexa
3. Hydrogen bonding – A
7-Hepta
particularly strong
intermolecular force of 8-Octa
attraction between a
9-Nona
hydrogen atom that is bonded
to a highly electronegative 10-Deca
atom, such as nitrogen, oxygen Ex.
and fluorine.
1. Co2- Carbon Dioxide
5.6 Writing Formulas and
2.P2O5- Diphosphorus Pentoxide
Naming Compound
3. Dichlorine Hexoxide- Cl206
Also known as Nomenclature.
4. Tetraarsenic Pentoxide – As5O5
B.Binary Metal – Nonmetal Ex. Hcl – Hydrochloric acid
Compound
HBr- Hydrobromic Acid
Rules :
H2S- Hydrosulfuric Acid
1. The metal is written first
D. Ternary Compounds
followed by the non metal.
Their oxidation numbers have - Rules
to be considered. 1. The specie with a positive
-Classical Method : The first change is written first /read first.
element does not have a Followed by the negative
change its name, the 2nd specie. There is no change in
element uses its root word the name of the first, while the
followed by IDE. next binary compounds are
- Stock system : The names of located in the Periodic
the first element does not Table.words
change, but the oxidation
number should be in roman
numerals. The second element
using the root word and an
ending of IDE.
C. Binary Acids
Rules :
1.Are written with the hydrogen
written first, followed by non
metal.
2. Name the hydrogen as hydro
followed by the root word of
the non metal IC + the word
ACID.
3. Exception to the rules are
hydrogen and oxygen.