ABE 422

Soil & Water Conservation Engineering

PROBLEM SET No.3

Submitted by:
Kimberly J. Salvador
BSABE 5-2
Monday _Thursday 1:00pm-2:00pm _ 7:00am-8:00am

Submitted to:
Dr. Marvin Cinense
Instructor

Submitted: October 7, 2019

3.1 Compute the daily evaporation from a free-water surface if the wind speed is 32 km/h (20mph)
at 0.15 m height, water and air temperature are both 29°C (80°F) and the relative humidity of air
is 50%. Atmospheric pressure is 757 mm Hg (28.9 in. Hg). How would your computed value
compare with the evaporation from a dry-soil surface? From a class A Weather Bureau pan?

Given:
Wind speed (W) = 32 km/h
Water and Air Temperature = 29°C
Relative Humidity = 50%
Atmospheric pressure (p) = 757 mm Hg
Saturated vapor pressure at 29°C = 31 mm Hg

From free water surface

𝐸 = 𝐶(𝑒𝑠 − 𝑒𝑑 )
C = (0.44 + 0.073W) (1.465-0.00073p)
= (0.44 + 0.073(32)) (1.465-0.00073(757))
= 2.53
𝑒𝑠 = 31 mm Hg
𝑒𝑑 = 𝑒𝑠 𝑥 𝑅𝐻
= 31 mm Hg x 0.50
= 15.5 mm Hg

𝐸 = 𝐶(𝑒𝑠 − 𝑒𝑑 )
= 2.53 (31 - 15.5)
=39.22 mm/day

From a class A Weather Bureau pan

𝐸 = 𝐶(𝑒𝑠 − 𝑒𝑑 )
C = 15 + 0.93W
= 15 + 0.93(32)  The daily evaporation of free
= 44.76 water surface is greater than the
𝐸 = 𝐶(𝑒𝑠 − 𝑒𝑑 )
evaporation from a class A
= 44.76 (31 - 15.5)
Weather Bureau Pan.
= 693.78mm/month
= 23.13 mm/ day

3.2 Assuming that the Horton infiltration Eq. 3.4 is valid, determine the constant infiltration rate
if 𝑓𝑜 = 50 𝑚𝑚/ℎ (20 iph), f at 10 min is 13 mm/h (0.5 iph), and k=12.9. What is the infiltration
rate at 20 min?
Given:
𝑓𝑜 = 50 𝑚𝑚/ℎ
𝑓 = 13 𝑚𝑚/ℎ
k=12.9
t = 20 min
𝑓 = 𝑓𝑐 + (𝑓𝑜 − 𝑓𝑐 )𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
13 = 𝑓𝑐 + (50 − 𝑓𝑐 )𝑒 −(12.9)(1/6)
𝒇𝒄 = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟐 𝒎𝒎/𝒉

infiltration rate at 20 min:

𝑓 = 𝑓𝑐 + (𝑓𝑜 − 𝑓𝑐 )𝑒 −𝑘𝑡
= 8.12 + (50 − 8.12)𝑒 −(12.9)(20/60)
= 8.69 mm/h

3.3 Using the Blaney-Cridle method, determine the evapotranspiration (consumptive use) for corn
in May, assuming a crop coefficient k of 0.7, T of 18.3°C (65°F), and p of 10%.

Given:
k = 0.7
t = 18.3°C
p = 10%

𝑢 = 𝑘𝑝(0.46𝑇 + 8.13)
= (0.7 x 10) [(0.46x18.3) + 8.13]
=115.84 mm

4.2 Determine the peak rate of runoff from an 8-ha (20-ac) watershed during a 30-min storm that
gave the following amounts of rain during successive 5-min periods: 3, 8, 15, 15, 8, and 3 mm
(0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.1 in). The time of concentration for the watershed is 10 min. The
runoff coefficients for the 2 ha (5 ac) are 0.2 and 0.6 for the remaining 6.0 ha (15 ac). What is the
approximate return period for this runoff if the watershed is at your present location?

Given:
Area = 8 ha
time of concentration = 10 min
runoff coefficient (2 ha) = 0.2
runoff coefficient (6 ha) = 0.6
intensity = (3+8+15+15+8+3mm)/0.5hr = 104 mm/hr

𝑞 = 0.0028𝐶𝑖𝑎
 = 0.0028 [(0.2 x 104 x 2) + (0.6 x 104 x 6)]
= 1.16 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

4.3 By the rational method, determine the design peak runoff for a 50-year return period. The
watershed consists of 50 ha (120 ac), one third in rotation meadow and the remainder in row crops
on the contour. The hydrologic soil group in B, and the time of concentration is 30 min. The
watershed is at your present location?

Given:
20 𝑚𝑖𝑛 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= ; i = 145.5 mm/h
97 𝑚𝑚/ℎ 𝑖

Area (ha) Land use Hydrologic soil Runoff Coefficient

group
16.67 rotation meadow B 0.36
33.33 row crops, contoured B 0.56

𝐶 = [(16.67/50) (0.36)] + [(33.33/50)(0.56)]

= 0.49

𝑞 = 0.0028𝐶𝑖𝑎
𝑞 = 0.0028 (0.49) (145. 5) (50)
= 9.98 𝒎𝟑 /𝒔

4.7 Determine the runoff volume in millimeters (in.) of depth from a 50-year return period storm
using local data at your present location assuming Antecedent Rainfall Condition III, Hydrologic
Soil-Cover Complex Number 70, and duration of the critical storm 3 h.

Given:
N = 70
Duration = 3h
Rainfall condition III
Correction actor = 1.21

Assume:
growing season
rainfall = 51 mm
antecedent rainfall = 20 mm
rainfall for 3-h storm = 53.5 mm

N = 70 x 1.21 = 84.7
Antecedent rainfall condition III = 53.5 + 20 = 73.5 mm > 53 mm

25 400
𝑆= − 254 = 45.88 𝑚𝑚
84.7

(𝐼 − 0.2𝑆)2
𝑄=
𝐼 + 0.8𝑆

(51 − 0.2(45.88))2
=
51 + 0.8(45.88)

= 19.94 mm

4.8 Determine the flood volume in ha-m (ac-ft) for 50-year return period storm for the dormant
season at your present location. The 360-ha (900-ac) watershed is in row crops, terraced on
Hydrologic Soil Group C in good condition for one third of the area, and the remaining two thirds
is in woodland on Hydrologic Soil Group D in poor condition. Assume 25 mm (1 in) of rainfall
occurred 3 days prior to the design storm and the critical storm duration is 24 h.

Given:
I = 25 mm

Area (ha) Hydrologic soil group Land use CN CN x A

Row crops,
120 C 78 9, 360
terraced, good
240 D Woodland, poor 83 19, 920
Total:
29, 280
360

weighted CN = 29280/360 = 81.33

25 400
𝑆= − 254 = 50.31
81.33

(𝐼 − 0.2𝑆)2
𝑄=
𝐼 + 0.8𝑆
(25 − 0.2(50.31))2
𝑄=
𝐼 + 0.8(50.31)
= 3.42 𝑚𝑚
3.42 𝑥 360
𝑄=
1000
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑 𝒉𝒂 − 𝒎
4.11 Assuming the dimensionless hydrograph is applicable, determine the duration of flow if the
peak runoff is 8.5 𝑚3 /𝑠 (300cfs) and the volume of flow is 100 mm (4 in) for a 50-year storm from
an 85-ha (210-ac) watershed. What are the coordinates for point n on the design hydrograph?

Given:
peak runoff (q) = 8.5 m3 /𝑠
volume of flow = 100 mm
Area = 85 ha
100 𝑥 85
flood volume (Q) = 1000 = 8.5 ℎ𝑎 − 𝑚

Using figure 4.9, if the peak runoff (q) is 8.5 m3 /𝑠:

duration of flow = 4 unit of time

𝑢 = 𝑄/2620
= 8.5/2620
= 0.00324 ℎ𝑎 − 𝑚/𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

𝑤 = 𝑞/100
= 8.5/100
= 0.085 m3 /𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡
𝑢
𝑘 = 167 𝑤
0.00324
= 167 𝑥
0.085
= 6.37 𝑚𝑖𝑛/𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡

point n:
ordinate = 𝑞 𝑥 𝑤
= 46 𝑥 0.00324
= 0.15
abscissa = 𝑘 𝑥 𝑡
= 6.37 𝑥 34
= 215.56

n: (215.56, 0.15)