Data Visualization

Using Infographics
Upper Story Serviced Apartments, Cubao
October 7 – 11, 2019

Biodiversity Management Bureau

Data Visualization Using Infographics
Data Visualization Using Infographics
https://infogram.com/blog/a-brief-look-at-the-fascinating-history-of-infographics/

https://www.lucidpress.com/blog/6-ways-infographics-changed-history

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Maps are
infographic
too!

https://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/mapsbroadstreet.html
Dr. John Snow’s
map of the 1854
London Cholera
Outbreak

Data Visualization Using Infographics

 Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (1812) by
Charles Minard “The Map that Made a Nation Cry”

https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/229-vital-statistics-of-a-deadly-campaign-the-minard-map

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Data Presentation vs. Data Visualization

Presentation
- Uses data visuals to communicate and
persuade

Visualization
- Uses data visuals to think

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?
1. It provides the highest bandwidth channel to
the brain.
• 65% of humans are visual learners.
(Mind Tools, 1998)
• The brain processes visual information
60,000 times faster than text.
(3M Corporation, 2001)
• 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye.
Data Visualization Using Infographics
Population by
Region, Philippines:
2015
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority

Data Visualization Using Infographics

 AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO (ARMM)
REGION XIII – CARAGA
REGION XII - SOCCSKSARGEN
REGION XI - DAVAO
REGION X - NORTHERN MINDANAO
REGION IX - ZAMBOANGA PENINSULA
REGION VIII - EASTERN VISAYAS
Administrative Region

REGION VII - CENTRAL VISAYAS

REGION VI - WESTERN VISAYAS
REGION V - BICOL
MIMAROPA REGION
REGION IV-A – CALABARZON
REGION III - CENTRAL LUZON
REGION II - CAGAYAN VALLEY
REGION I - ILOCOS
CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
0 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000 16,000,000

Population

Data Visualization Using Infographics

 Data on the number of destructive tropical cyclones
that entered the Philippines from 2010 to 2015

Data Visualization Using Infographics Source: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
Data Visualization Using Infographics
Why is Data Visualization Important?
2. Uncovers data structures

An alternative way of
visualizing the Philippine
election results
https://stories.thinkingmachin.es/election2016/

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?
3. Uncovers hidden patterns

Source:
https://www.esquiremag.ph/wheels/drive/a-scientific-analysis-
of-metro-manila-s-impending-christmas-traffic-a1628-20170915

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?

https://tjpalanca.com/2015/05/mrt-capacity-conundrum.html
Entries Exits

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?
4. Uncovers potential relationships

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?
5. Grabs attention!

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Why is Data Visualization Important?

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
The Data Visualization Catalogue

https://datavizcatalogue.com/

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
What do you want to show?
• Comparison and Ranking
• Trends over Time
• Part-to-Whole
• Distribution
• Correlation
• Geographical Data

https://datavizcatalogue.com/

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For comparison and ranking use . .
Bar Chart
• It represents quantitative values with the length of
the bars, which makes the comparison of values
easier.
• It is ideal for qualitative variables or quantitative
variables that have been categorized.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Bar Chart | Best Practices
• Start the y-axis at zero, whenever necessary.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Bar Chart | Best Practices
• Space bars appropriately (½ bar width).

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Bar Chart | Best Practices
• Arrange the bars according to the magnitude, whenever necessary.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Bar Chart | Best Practices
• Use consistent colors.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Bar Chart | Best Practices

• Vertical bar charts are best used when

comparing values in a time series data or when
the magnitude is emphasized rather than the
movement of a time series.

• Horizontal bar charts are best used when using

categorical data with long labels.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For trends over time use . .
1. Line Chart
• It gives a quick view of the trend, acceleration,
deceleration, and volatility of the data.

• It is also possible to look at multiple data sets.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Line Chart | Best Practices
• Include a zero baseline, whenever necessary.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Line Chart | Best Practices
• Spacing of the time series units must remain constant.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Line Chart | Best Practices
• Label lines directly.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Line Chart | Best Practices
• Maintain a 2:3 or 3:4 height to width ratio.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For part to whole use . .
1. Pie Chart
• It is the most popular yet most misused chart.
• It is also best used when:
• the proportion (or percentage) holds more
importance than specific numbers, and
• dealing with small datasets.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Pie Chart | Best Practices
• Visualize no more than five categories.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Pie Chart | Best Practices
• Order slices correctly. Place largest slice in 12 o’clock position then
arrange the order in a clockwise or counterclockwise manner.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Pie Chart | Best Practices
• Make sure all slice sizes add up to 100%.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Pie Chart | Best Practices
• Don’t use multiple pie charts for comparison.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
Resist pie charts!
• Comparing multiple pie charts are hard.
• The varying colors of the pie slices have an
additional cognitive load.
• Pie charts are not recommended when
presenting too many categories.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For part to whole use . .
2. Stacked Bar Chart
• It is a variation of the bar chart wherein each
bar represents a whole and the segments in
each bar represent different categories of
the said whole.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Part to Whole| Stacked Bar Chart

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For distribution use . .
1. Histogram
• It is ideal for showing frequency or
percentage of a continuous variable.
• The data values are broken into segments
called as bins.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Histogram| Best Practices
• Choose the right number of bins.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Histogram| Best Practices
• Bars must be touching each other.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Choosing the Right Chart Type
For geographical data use . .
1. Map
• It is used for spatial or geographic analysis
• Thematic maps use the attributes of a
location and represent the data using visual
elements in order to discover spatial
patterns and relationships in the data.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

 Cognitive Load
and Clutter

Biodiversity Management Bureau

Biodiversity Management Bureau
Cognitive Load
is the amount of mental effort required to interpret information.

Three types:
• Intrinsic
• Extraneous
• Germane

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Types of Cognitive Load
Intrinsic Cognitive Load
is the amount of memory needed to understand something.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Types of Cognitive Load
Extraneous
Cognitive
Load
is the amount
of extra brain
power that
relates to how
information is
presented.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Types of Cognitive Load

Germane
Cognitive Load
is the amount of
memory used for
detecting patterns in
order to develop
context for later
reference.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Germane Cognitive load

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Clutter
refers to the elements that can be removed while still
preserving key ideas.

• Reducing clutter means minimizing cognitive load.

• Less cluttered visualizations are those which are
more effective.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Reducing Clutter and Minimizing Cognitive Load
Avoid chart junk
• Chart junk refers to all visual elements in charts and
graphs that are not necessary to comprehend the
information represented on the graph.
• Simply, chart junk distracts the viewer from the
information.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Common Chart Junk: Optical Art

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Common Chart Junk: Grid

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Common Chart Junk: The Duck

Data Visualization Using Infographics

Reducing Clutter and Minimizing Cognitive Load
Use of appropriate perspective

• Say “NO” to 3D charts!

• 3D charts offer no additional information.
• 3D charts can be misleading.

Data Visualization Using Infographics

 THANK YOU!
Data Visualization
Using Infographics

Biodiversity Management Bureau