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New York Audubon Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink Background Birds form part of healthy ecosystems, bring joy to people, ‘and benefit local economies throughout the United States. In 2011, birdwatching-related industries drove $41 billion in ‘expenditures and $107 billion in total industry output nationally. There are more than 3,272,000 total birders in New York alone [1]. Additionally, birds play critical roles in Pollination, insect control, forest generation, seed dispersal, carrion scavenging, and many other ecosystem services we rely on. However, the future of birds is at risk with alarming losses of biodiversity occurring worldwide. Global extinction rates are now 100 times higher than background rates (2). Climate change exacerbates the global biodiversity crisis, with an anticipated rate of change 20 times faster in the next century than during the past two million years. ‘Audubon leads the way in conducting science to understand tthe vulnerability and threats to birds from climate change. Our science shows that stabilizing warming at a global average of 15°C (2.7°F), as recommended by the IPCC (intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) to reduce the 4lobal risk of climate change, would also reduce ‘vulnerability and threats for many species of birds. To save birds we must address the underlying causes of climate change (climate change mitigation), and protect places that birds need now and will need in the future (climate change adaptation). Climate change mitigation means reducing or preventing the causes of climate change, such as ‘greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change adaptation includes efforts to alter and adapt both our natural surroundings as well as our infrastructure to better, withstand the threats of climate change. ‘Audubon’s 2019 Report, Survival by Degrees: 389 Bird ‘Species on the Brink [3], is a powerful look at how ‘vulnerable birds are to climate change across North America based on a new, updated scientific analysis that leverages big data and incorporates the unique biology of each bird to determine its vulnerability. In this research, we related bird observations for 604 species with climate and habitat conditions at these locations and used modeling algorithms to capture the unique composition of each species's suitable range. We then mapped and compared the projected current and future rangesto estimate the projected range loss and gain under multiple future climate change scenarios. These projections were then used to assess how ‘vulnerable each species was to climate change [4,5] Figure 1. Piping Plover. Photo: Lorraine Minns/Audubon Photography Awards Future Climate and Habitat in New York Across the state of New York, without substantial climate change mitigation (ie., a 3°C/5.4°F global warming scenario), average temperatures during the warmest month are expected to increase approximately 6.1°C (11°F), and average temperatures during the coldest month are ‘expected to increase approximately 5.7°C (10°F) from 2010 to the end of the century. Average annual precipitation is, expected to increase by approximately 67 mm (2.6 in). Despite the overall increase in precipitation, available moisture is expected to decrease by 88% across the state due to increases in evapotranspiration (6). The distribution of vegetation biomes, critical for plants and animals, are also projected to change under climate change scenarios [7]. The largest biome in the state is Deciduous Forest, covering 98% of the state. All of these changes in climate and vegetation will alter plant and insect communities; influence availabilty of food, water, and shelter for birds; and will ikely cause ecological disruption as species assemblages reshuffle. Over time, a ‘complex suite of changes in climate and vegetation will inevitably affect New York's bird communities. Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink| New York: Page 1of 21 Climate Change Vulnerability Climate change will negatively affect many birds in the state. Here, we assess vulnerability based on the amount of ‘a species's range that may be gained or lost with climate change. We designate species that may lose much more range across North America than they have the potential to ‘gain asclimate vulnerable in New York, 116 out of 227 species are climate vulnerable in summer under the 3°C scenario, meaning they stand to lose more of their North, ‘American summer range than they would gain under a ‘warming climate. Reducing emissions to 1.5°C reduces the umber of vulnerable species to 71. Impacts are somewhat lessened in winter, with 25 out of 168 species vulnerable Summer under 3°C of warming and 10 species vulnerable if we reduce warming to 1.5°C. Each bird was grouped by its primary habitat (see Table 2 for groupings), and these groups are not equally affected. In New York, the habitat groups with the most species ‘vulnerable to the impacts of ongoing and future climate change are boreal forest (35 species) and eastern forest (33, species) in summer (Figure 2). In winter, boreal forest (14 species) and waterbird (3 species) groups have the most vulnerable species. Boreal Forests Eastern Forests Waterbirds Grassiands Generalists Marshlands Western Forests Coastal Subtropical Forests Boreal Forests Waterbidds Coastal Marshlands Arctic Eastern Forests Generalists Western Forests Grasslands BE vevrat [I tow I vececte in Figure 2. Number of species by their vulnerability to climate change in each habitat group under a global 3°C warming scenario. The species in each group are ones that currently live in the state, though vulnerability is assessed across the species's full North ‘American range to better account for range-wide changes. Red and orange indicate number of vulnerable (high and moderate) species, and yellow and blue indicate non-vulnerable (low and neutral) species. Climate-Related Threats In addition to changes in climate across North America, we assessed the potential impacts of other forecasted threats related to climate change, including sea level rise, land use change, and extreme weather events, such as extreme spring heat, spring drought, fire weather, heavy rain, and false springs within the lower 48 states [8]. These threats are relevant to both birds and the places they need, but ‘were only available for the lower 48 states, and were analyzed separately from vulnerability. This analysis provides information on how each location and the birds that occur there may be exposed to these specific, climate- related threats (Figure 3) beyond their range-wide ‘vulnerability described above Here we summarize threats occurring within the state, Five climate-related threats will affect portions of New York (Table 1). The threat affecting both the greatest area and, umber of species in the state is extreme spring heat. In New York, species that are most threatened by a ‘combination of climate change and additional climate- related threats under 3°C of warming include Brown Thrasher, Eastern Towhee, Eastern Whip-poor-will, Fish Crow, Field Sparrow, Pine Warbler, Red-headed Woodpecker, Scarlet Tanager, Wormeating Warbler, Wood Thrush, Prairie Warbler, Rose-breasted Grosbeak, Cerulean Warbler, Eastern Meadowlark, Henslow’s Sparrow, American Woodcock, and Saltmarsh Sparrow. For information on threats for individual species in New York, see Table 2. Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page2 of 21 Climate-Related Threats (Cont.) 15°C Threats mo m1 m2 m3 ms Figure 3. The number and distribution of overlapping climate-related threats under future global change scenarios of 15°C and 3°C. For detailed information on threats for each location in the state, refer to our online interactive tool at climate.audubon.org. Table 1. Climate-related threats that New York is expected to experience under the warming scenarios 15°C (2.7°F) and 3°C (5.4°F), and the projected area and number of species affected. We report the projected amount(s) of global sea level rise associated with each scenario [8]. Threats and scenarios were omitted if no species were affected in that scenario, ‘Summer Winter Threat Scenario ensTeces (vulnerable) (Vulnerable) Species Affected Species Affected TSC (OSm/i6i) 101182 4@ TO ea sea Level Rise BC Am/3.3 1) 123,300 60) 60) BCQm/b6h) 2612 70) ETO) 15°C 1190,856 18Q) 272) Urbanization wc 5017082 127 (84) 147) 15°C 11436,761 288) 276) Extreme Spring Heat wc s1015137 142.49) 149 (13) 0 Fire Weather wc 28,146,495 126 (48) 12 15°C 27,309,303 150 (37) 99 (4) Heavy Rain wc 29,855,226 181(48) BQ) We also mapped risk, areas of high conservation value for _the number of species with range-wide vulnerability under birds that are exposed to climate change-telated threats. future climate, Risk i greater across New York in summer For any one location, risks the product of the number of relative to winter, and mitigating warming from 3°C to 15°C overlapping climate change-elated threats, the total would more than halve the average risk of climate change umber of bird species that occur under future climate, and _related threats to birds across the state. Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 3of21 Conclusions and Caveats Birds are early responders to climate change and can be important indicators of large-scale ongoing and future ecological change. We found that 48% of New York's 280 bird species are vulnerable to climate change across seasons. A rapidly changing climate could lead to population declines and local extinctions if species are not able to adapt. In addition, the reshuffing of bird communities at a continental scale will bring together species that previously lived in isolation, leading to novel, Unpredictable interactions. Disruptions in food and nesting resources further compound vulnerabilities to climate change. Although we project range gains offsetting loss for some species, especially in winter, itis unknown whether birds will establish populations inthese new locations because of other factors not assessed here. On top of this, the added stressors of extreme weather events and other climate change-related threats will make establishment and persistence of populations difficult in the coming decades. Call to Action While these studies did not assess the effects of climate change on people, we know that the fate of humans and birds are deeply connected, Climate change is currently and will continue to cause harm to people too, who face threats like extreme weather, lass of coastal areas and changing economic patterns, to name a few. Climate change will cause disproportionate harm to vulnerable communities, including children, the elderly, the sick, and the poor, who may have fewer resources available to move or otherwise protect themselves from these threats. If we drastically reduce carbon emissions, we help people and birds alike. This is the most comprehensive assessment of climate change vulnerability of birds in North America to date, but even this assessment may reasonably be considered conservative because the pace of change is exceeding the scenarios considered in this study. Our work concludes that climate change will have multiple, compounding effects on birds and will likely amplify biodiversity loss, unless actions are taken to lessen its effects. ‘We know what to do. The scientific consensus is clear. We must reduce greenhouse gas emissions at an urgent speed and on a wide scale from every sector of the economy to achieve a more favorable future for birds and people. There is no single perfect solution, but we can makea series of changes that lead to large-scale, systemic adjustments to achieve the required reductions Addressing the underlying causes of climate change. ‘Audubon is pursuing policies that together can drive down emissions at the scale and speed we need. For instance, we can invest in 100% clean energy, energy efficiency, and clean transportation policies that will dramatically reduce carbon emissions from the U.S. and world economies. We can adapt, improve, and innovate. We can power our cars, homes, cities, factories, farms, communities, and economy with clean energy-without contributing to climate change. We are working to implement policies and conservation practices that offset what we cannot eliminate, such as planting forests and testing new technabbgies to capture (ie, sequester) carbon through industrial processes and permanently store it underground. We can do all of this in ‘ways that spur innovation, create good jobs, promote homegrown industries, and build our economy for a smarter future. Protecting the places birds need. We can also pursue policies and conservation practices that help us avoid some of the worst effects of climate change by building more resilient infrastructure-meaning our cities, roads, and other structures—or even ranches, parks, floodplains, forests, and wetlands that can serve as good wildlife habitat and simultaneously protect our communities from extreme weather. ‘Audubon has identified the best opportunities to increase the resilience of coastal wetlands in key places that can serve as the first line of defense against the threat of sea level rise. We work to ensure key landscapes that are critical for birds have clean and reliable sources of water, now and in the future, and we advocate for conservation-minded management of working and urban landscapes that can help birds adapt to the changing climate. We still have time. We can avert and limit dangerous warming and its worst effects if we act quickly. Science tells us that in order to limit ‘warming to a rise of 15°C (2.7°F), we must reduce greenhouse gas emissions 45% below 2010 levels by 2030 ‘and reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. ‘We must act now. We are on a dangerous path, but we have the power to chart a better one. Stil, change will come only if we demand action from the public officials who represent us and the businesses we support. We ask you te Be part of the solution. We can do this together. Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 4of21 How You Can Help in New York We can make a big differenc But we must act quickly. In New York, 125 species (51%) are climate vulnerable in summer under the 3°C scenario. Reducing emissions to 1.5°C reduces the number of vulnerable species to 77. ‘We must voice support for climate leadership. Here in New York, change is on the horizon. By supporting the implementation of the Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act, we have the power to chart a greener future, We must support the development of responsibly-sited renewable and clean energy, as well as upgrades and expansions to our electric transmission infrastructure, investments in natural climate solutions that promote additional carbon sequestration, and develop legislation and policies that support our coastal communities, which ‘will be the first to feel the impacts of climate change. We're off to a flying start. We have a plan to create and protect more resilient, bird- friendly habitat in the places we now know our birds—and people—need it most. But we need your help on a local level. More Information In our northeastern forests, we are connecting landowners and foresters to grow and manage diverse, healthy ‘woodlands that provide birdfrienaly habitats. Our forests must be more resilient to the stressors of climate change and invasive species, so they can provide essential ecosystem services like carbon sequestration, flood control, and watershed protection, In our urban areas we are bringing conservation to life by ‘working with community leaders and youth, encouraging native plantings and designing sustainable buildings. Only through collaboration can we improve the urban landscape for people and birds, On our coasts, we aim to implement an effective conservation strategy that involves habitat protection, restoration, stewardship, and effective policy. By proactively identifying and conserving thousands of acres of salt marsh, beach, and island habitat, we can help protect birds and people from climate-driven sea level rise ‘and other threats. We can do this, together. This project was conducted by the National Audubon Society. For more information, including details on the methods, please see the project website (climate audubon.org)and the scientific publications [58] References 1. US Fish & Wildlife Service. 2013. Birding in the United States: A Demographic and Economic Analysis. Addendum to the 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation. 2. Ceballos, G. et al, 2015. Accelerated modern human- induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Science Advances 1:e1400253. doi:10.1126/sciadv.140025% 3, Wilsey, C. et al. 2019, Survival By Degrees: 389 Bird Species on the Brink. National Audubon Society: New York, 4, Wilsey, C. et al. 2019. Climate policy action needed to reduce vulnerability of conservation-reliant grassland birds in North America, Conservation Science and Practice 21 DOL: 10.11N/csp2.21. 5, Bateman, 8, et al. 2019. North American birds require mitigation and adaptation to reduce vulnerability to climate change. In review. 6. AdaptWest Project. 2015. Gridded current and projected climate data for North America at 1km resolution, interpolated using the ClimateNA v5.10 software (T. Wang et al, 2015), Available at adaptwest.databasin.org, 7. Rehfeldt, GE. et al. 2012. North American vegetation model for land-use planning in a changing climate: a solution to large classification problems, 8, Bateman, 8. et al. 2019, Risk to North American birds from climate changerelated threats. In review. 9. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). 2019. IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in ‘a Changing Climate, Contact Brooke Bateman, PhD Senior Climate Scientist, National Audubon Society climatescience@audubon.org Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Pages of 21 Species Projections Table 2. Climate suitability projections in summer and winter under the 3°C warming scenario for birds in New York. Each birdis. associated with the Habitat Group representing its primary habitat (see classification key below). Range-wide Vulnerability is the vulnerability of each species, across its full North American range under 3°C of global warming, based on long-term climate and vegetation change. High and moderately vulnerable species are considered vulnerable to climate change, whereas low and neutral species are considered not vulnerable. In State Trends, we show the top two trends in climate and habitat suitability for select birds in New York, with colors reflecting the trend according to the legend below and percentages reflecting the percent of the state's area in which each trend will occur. The total percentage reflects the area of the state that the species currently occupies and is projected to occupy in the future. Potential colonization indicates that climate and habitat are projected to become suitable for the species, whereas potential extirpation indicates that climate and habitat are suitable today but projected to become unsuitable. State Threats shows the additional climate-related threats each species might face, indicated by icons as in Table 1. Threats shown here were assessed within each state for species under either 15°C or 3°C warming (i.e, species that will be completely extirpated from the state do not have threats shown). Omitted species are either not present in the state during that season or not modeled due to data deficiency. These lists may have been further reduced by local experts. Fora full list of species modeled in New York, see the project website (climate.audubon.org). Habitat classifications: Trend classifications: F-B = Boreal Forests F-£ = Easter Forests Potential extirpation F-W= Western Forests F-S = Subtropical Forests Worsening A= Arctic D= Aridlands Stable G = Grasslands M= Marshlands Improving C= Coastal W = Waterbirds Potential, Gen = Generalists colonization Range-wide Species Group, $2507 Vuineraniity State Trends State Threats Snow Goose Ww Winter Low on © OOo fos's Goose Wo Winter Low neo ©} Brant W Winter Moderate La © © Cackling Goose M Winter Moderate om@=m ©OO00 Wo Summer Modes COO Canada Goose W Winter Neutral Ee COOSO W Summer Moderate BE © Trumpeter Swan Wo Winter Low zoe OO0°0 Tundra Swan W Winter Moderte «| KK OOOO Wood Duck W Summer Low Ge OOO0°0 Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: PageGof'21 Species HE Sean RMON Sateen State Treats Ww Winter Neutral » *£ OCOOSd Blue-winged Teal M Summer Low Mh 10% M Summer Low EE © Northern Shoveler , inter Newal —! ©0006 M Summer Moderate a Sedveal Winter Neutral im © © 00 ‘American Wigeon M Winter Neutral en © O00 W Summer Low Me © O00 Nelo W Winter Newel « *») QO COO W Summer Moderote TZ MO © OO american Beck Duck Wo Winter Low Es ACOO M Summer Moderate : © OO Nother Pal Winter Neutral ~ © 000 M Summer Moderate hs reenvinged Te Mo Winter Neutral OOo Canvasback M Winter Neutral = OO00 M Summer Neutral BB 5% “echead 4 Winter Low ~~ EZ © 000 w Summer Moderate mam © Oo Ringnected Duck Wo Winter Neal xm © 000 Greater Scaup w Winter Neutral ~~ em OO0O0°e wo Summer High ze Leer Seip Wr Mo Kom ©O00 King Eider w Winter — Low De «1 c Summer Moderate Bem ‘omen Seer © Winer Low a © Harlequin Duck w Winter — Low Es. Surf Scoter c Winter Neutral = « e200 Survival byDegrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page7of21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats White-winged Scoter w Winter Neutral Mes © Black Scoter c Winter Neutral sf e200 Long-tailed Duck w Winter — Low Bm Bufflehead w Winter Low ee OOOO w Summer High HH Common Goldeneye wo Winter Newt mE: © 000 Barrow’s Goldeneye w Winter High Es © © w Summer Low OO "Hooded Merganser W Winter Newel m7. ©0000 Vm eo OO O Common Merganser wo Winter Low mE © 000 w Summer Moderate has Retbreasted Merganser = e000 Ruddy Duck M Winter Neutral Em 0OCo0°0 G Summer Neutral /_— Oooo Northern Bobwhite G Winter Neutral GM © OOo FB Summer Moderate = © Ruffed Grouse FB Winter Moderate EE © FB = Summer High hs Spruce Grouse FB = Winter — High hs Gen Summer Neutral 83% B8eQCO0Oe waaay Gen Winter Neutral ™m # A000 M Summer Neutral nem Piedbilled Grebe 7 inter Neal /_—_ 0000 Horned Grebe M Winter Neutral “Bem ©0o00 Red-necked Grebe M Winter Neutral 8% 5% Clark's Grebe M Summer Low nes Mourning Dove Gen Summer Neutral 83% BOOCOe Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page of 21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Gen Winter Neutral 89% #0000 Yellow-billed Cuckoo FE Summer — Neutral oe CCOOSe Black-billed Cuckoo FE Summer Low. Es: © 00 Common Nighthawk Gen Summer Neutral xe OCOoOSe Chuck-willswidow FE Summer — Neutral Lm © OO Easter Whip-poor-will FE Summer_—High Em -=« OC0eO Chimney Swift FE Summer Neutral « (He OOOe Sears FE Summer Neutral om HH OOOO M Summer Low hs Keng el Winter Neutral ee c Summer Low 2% eo Clapper Rail c Winter Low » 2 Oe M Summer Moderate ms O00 Virginia Rail M Winter Low =: © Sora M Summer Moderate 10% Common Gallinule M Summer Neutral = © M Summer Neutral a 5% eect 1 iw at a OO OO M Summer Moderate a © Sandhill Crane 7 inter Low mE © © 0 O c Summer Neutral Be 2% e200 ‘American Oystercatcher c Winter Neutral Ea «= e200 Black-bellied Plover w Winter Neutral Re m — Wilson's Plover c Summer Neutral LZ C0 c Summer — High hs © © Png Plover Che et CO Killdeer W Summer Neutral 72% BOCO°e Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Pageg of 21 Habitat Range-wide Species Group 5°57 Viinerability State Trends State Threats Ww Winter Neutral * *€ OOOO Upland Sandpiper G Summer Neutral sS—m—@=~— O00 Ruddy Turnstone w Winter Neutral ge» Sanderling w Winter Neutral Me: © Dunlin w Winter Low me OCoOoe Purple Sandpiper W Winter Low Emm. OCe FE Summer Moderate OTE © OO ‘American Woodcock FE Winter Neutral Gm O00 . M Summer Moderate hs ‘misono MWe Nt CO OO Spotted Sandpiper w Summer Moderate Em © OO Greater Yellowlegs W Winter Neutral eT) w Summer Neutral 1 wiles © Winter Newt nn 2 0 Dovekie c Winter Moderate EE: © Thick-billed Mure c Winter — Moderate ee Razorbill c Winter Low Emm 20° Blacklegged Kittiwake —C Winter Neutral co 3% e°3o Bonaparte's Gull w Winter Neutral rz OCAaEe vite Gut w Summer Moderate Ls © c Winter — Low 8% 1% Laughing Gull c Summer — Neutral Bem. OS w Summer Low LE: © © oO fingolieg cal Wo Winter Neutra = EE ©0000 w Summer Low De «x Waring 1 ne a ie © OOO Iceland Gull c Winter — Low na « Lesser Black-backed Gull C Winter Low x u€ o°o Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 10 of 21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Glaucous Gull Ww Winter Low a) c Summer Moderate Ee © 0 Great Black-backed Gull c Winter Low ms: OOO Least Tern w Summer Low i ©€ Gulhbilled Tern c Summer Neutral 1% e200 Caspian Tern w Summer Low Dem « Black Tern M Summer Low me Common Tern w Summer Low Bee «x M Summer Neutral oo» ie Forster's Tern M Winter Neutral La © Royal Tem c Summer Neutral 1% ee Black Skimmer c Summer — Neutral *» Ee CO Red:throated Loon w Winter Low en 6) w Summer Moderate = © Common Leon W Winter Low sm 000 Northern Gannet c Winter Neutral 1% e200 Great Cormorant c Winter Low Ee eo Vm tl ET OO O Double-crested Cormorant W Winter Neutral oa COO American White Pelican = M Winter Neutral ee) Brown Pelican c Summer Neutral <1% ee ‘American Bittern " Semmes Lew a © M Winter Neutral Sd Least Bittern M Summer Neutral 16% eo°e W Summer Neutral 88% *aeoode Great Blue Heron wo Winter Newwa —— © 000 w Summer Neutral ems OCOEe cesta Wntr Mus #2 2 OOOO Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page niof 21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Snowy Egret M Summer — Neutral > © Little Blue Heron M Summer Neutral = © O00 Tricolored Heron M Summer Neutral =a Cattle Egret w Summer Neutral = COCe Green Heron M Summer Neutral « mACOOdD Black-crowned Night- M Summer Neutral « EM OOOO Heron M Winter Neutral 3 DE feo ONS OM Sumner Neto OT OO OO White Ibis M Summer Neutral a en) Glossy Ibis M Summer Neutral » a © Gen Summer Neutral ZZ! © 60 Bock Vure Gen Winter Neutral Ez © 00 Gen Summer Neutral x i OOOO Tey votre Gen Winter Newal /_—— ©O0o Osprey w Summer Neutral LEE: © O00 Mississippi Kite FE Summer — Neutral MiMm~m © Oo M Summer Low Gs © Nonhern Fars Mo Winter Neutral -~ = © 000 F-W Summer Moderate Es © 0 Smarpshnned Hawk FW Winter Neutral <« Mm OOOe Gen Summer Neutral ao Em OOO°o Coopers Hew Gen Winter Low ~~ ez © O00 rermconme FS Some teh 33 5 Gen Summer Low BR 78% eo3o0°e fale Gen Winter Neutral ~ ~AO00O0 Red-shouldered Hawk FE Summer Neutral ss eOCAae Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 20f 21 Species Grou, Season vereapiity State Trends State Threats FE Winter Newt mk 0OO00 Broad-winged Hawk FE Summer Low Es ©O0°0 Gen Summer Neutral a (ee COOO® Red-tailed Hawk Gen Winter Neutral ex! O O00 Roughlegged Hawk A Winter Moderate LEE: © 00 Gen Summer Neutral Gin O00 Barn Ow! emen Gen Winter Neutral MLZ: ©0090 FE Summer Neutral EB «~ O0C00O Eastern Screech-Ow! FE Winter Neutral ~ EE OOOO Gen Summer Neutral ~ en OO0G Great Horned Owl Gen Winter Neutral -~ eA OO0Oe Sony Owl A Winter Low EES 0 O00 FE Summer Neutral 4% @eOO0°e Barred Ow! F-E Winter Neutral 93% *O O00 Great Gray Owl FB Winter — Moderate MH FW Summer Low © © Le d Owl onarearegoul FW Winter Low Tn 1 bee 6) Short-eared Owl G Winter Neutral mm Em OOOO FB Summer High | Boreal Owl FB Winter — High | FB SI (50% Northern Saw-whet Owl tmmer_ Moderate o ° 9 FB Winter Low B= © SOOO Gen Summer Neutral 97% xO O00 Belted Kingfisher Gen Winter Neutral Pit © O00 FE Summer High EEE © Yellow-bellied Sz ke eee inter Neutral A © O09 FE SI eA Red-headed Woodpecker nmr Hoh : © o ° © FE Winter Neutral LE © O00 Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 13 0f21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats FE Summer Neutral «EO O00 Rectbelied Woodpecker Winter Neutral “EE OO0O0°eO FB = Summer High hs Black-backed Woodpecker FB Winter — Moderate hs Gen Summer Neutral 83% %#OO0°e Downy Woodpecier Gen Winer ‘Neutral «x #@ OOOO Gen Summer Low EE 3% ©e2oo0°e Mary Woodpecier Gen Winter Low m= =~ ©8000 FE Summer Neutral 81% *O O09 Pleated Woodpecker RE Winter ‘Neutral ™m #8 A 0090 Gen Summer Moderate (Rosy eo3o0°e Norte Flicker Gen Winter Neutral «osx © O00 Gen Summer Neutral a 83% ©e2oo0°e Arverian Kes Gen Winter Newal «OOOO FE Summer Moderate 5% “en FE Winter Neutral 97% xP COO Gyrfalcon A Winter — Low has Gen Summer Neutral Es: © © Perepine Falcon Gen Winter. Neutral ~« PE AOOOe Olive-sided Flycatcher FB Summer High Ls © ©. Eastern WoodPewee FE Summer Low ~ Te COoo0e Yellow-bellied Flycatcher F-B Summer High hs Acadian Flycatcher FE Summer Moderate za © O06 Alder Flycatcher FB Summer Moderate 8% Willow Flycatcher FW Summer Moderate ast eo3o0°e Least Flycatcher FB Summer Moderate 0% FE Summer Low BR % eo3o0°e fester Phoebe FE Winter Neutral EEE © OO Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink| New York: Page 14 0f 21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Great Crested Flycatcher FE Summer Moderate ~ mB OOOd Eastern Kingbird 6 Summer Moderate 73% @eaACOoOe Northern Shrike FB Winter Moderate LE © White-eyed Vireo FE Summer Neutral “MM: © O00 Yellow-throated Vireo FE Summer Moderate o_O O0°8 Blue-headed Vireo RE Summer High hs Philadelphia Vireo FB Summer High ee Warbling Vireo Gen Summer Neutral ~ (Se COO0°e Red-eyed Vireo FE Summer Low =m. OC0°9O FB Summer High MH Canada Jay FB = Winter — High hE sue Jay FE Summer Neutral By my eo0°e FE Winter Neutral 90% *OCo0°e Gen Summer Low Te a7% eo3o0°e Ameren Cow Gen Winter Neutral « ~AO000O Gen Summer High = ©O0°0 fencrow Gen Winter Low <_<, ©0000 Common Raven fen Summer Low Bs © OO Gen Winter. Low Es © 0 oO 6 Summer Low De Nome tare G Winter Low 2e% «= SH 8 9° 4 Nore Rovsh-winged Gen Summer Neutral “~ PE OCo0od Purple Martin Gen Summer Neutral Se © O00 Tree Swallow Gen Summer Moderate nm OO Bank Swallow Gen Summer Neutral Ee osm eo3o0°e Barn Swallow Gen Summer Neutral 31% BOCO°e Cliff Swallow Gen Summer Neutral Rx eo0°e Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 15 of 21 Species Gan Season vereapiity State Trends State Threats FE Summer Neutral Mo 0000 Carolina Chickadee FE Winter — Low MEM ©0090 FB Summer Low em OCOO Black-capped Chickadee FB Winter — Low [= ©0000 FB Summer High _ ao Boreal Chickadee FB Winter ‘High rT FE Summer Neutral ~ EA © O00 Tufted Titmouse FE Winter Neutral ~~ ZZ OOOO FB Summer Moderate Ls © © Red-br 2d Nuthatch ecrressted Nuthatch eB Winter Neutral EE © O0° PE St 38% White-breasted Nuthatch vmmer_ Low “ © ° © 9 FE Winter Neutral ie 73% eoo0e Browmheaded Nuthatch FE = Winter._—High a © © FW Summer Noceote ET © O Br cr von eee FW Winter Neutral. 100% e ° oO Qo Gen Summer Moderate ls ©2o0°e House Wren Gen Winter. Neutral LE © © EE Summer High a Winter mee FE Winter Low (inn ©CO0°0 a sedge Ween G Summer — Moderate Q 6 Winter Neutral Es © © M Summer Low ey Marsh Wr rsh Wren Mo Winter Low i © © FE Summer Neutral EE © O00 Carolina Wren FE Winter Neutral (= Ee 0000 Blue-gray Gnatcatcher Gen Summer Neutral Ca OH OO® FB Summer Moderate Em © © Golde 2d Kinglet eee EB Winter Neutral on © O00 Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page of 21 Species Group Season vereapiity State Trends State Threats FW Summer High [imines saa) Ruby-cowned Kingtet el EEE 0 00 BE Summer Neutral ~ BE OCOO Eastern Bluebird Fe Weer Neto CO OO Veery FE Summer Moderate i: © Swainson's Thrush FB = Summer High hs FW Summer — High ZZ © © Hermit Thrush FW Winter Low en © O00 Wood Thrush FE Summer High eo eo3o0°e Gen Summer Moderate EH « OCOEG American Robin Gen Winter Neutral me | COOCOO®e say cab FE Summer Neutral Bw eo0°e FE Winter Modeote ET © OOO FE Summer High n= OO00 Brown Thrasher FE Winter Neutral i © OO G MT Northern Mockingbird er Sanne Neel ° OO09 Gen Winter—_Neutral [en © O00 American Pipt A Winter Neutral i! © O00 Bohemian Waxwing FB Winter — High Em © 0 oO [ae Cedar Waxwing cr Simmer tow G©909 Gen Winter Neutral = MACOEe FB Summer High EEE © © Evening Grosbeak “meee FB Winter Nocewte ET C OO Pine Grosbeak FB Winter — Moderate 0% Gen Summer Low ~ EEC OOO House Finch omens Gen Winter Low « Bm OOOO FB Summer Moderate Ms © Purple Finch FB Winter Low 94% *OO090 Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 170f21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Common Redpoll A Winter Low ws: © 0 © Hoary Redpoll A Winter Moderate 80% FB Summer High Gm © 0 O Res rossoll So Wits ete OT OO O FB Summer — High MH Whitewinged CrossbE ET e mE O00 F-W Summer Moderate rs © © Pnesisin FW Winter Neutral mE « AOOSe Gen Summer Moderate EE s=« Ooo American Golincn Gen Winter ‘Neutral «~ ~AO000O Lapland Longspur A Winter Neutral a uw eo3o0°e Snow Bunting A Winter Low = OCO0°O Grasshopper Sparrow G Summer Low Zn OO0°e0 Gen Summer Moderate Em =« O0C000 chpping Spero Gen Winter Neutral mE © O Clay-colored Sparrow G Summer — High ee FE Summer High ~~ PE OOOO FatsSoarom nw ll OOOO American Tree Sparrow A Winter Neutral Baa « OCOE Fox Sparrow FB Winter Moderate (= © O00 FAW Summer High LE © Pareyed dnc FW Winter Neutral 90% *#OCO0°0 White-crowned Sparrow Gen Winter_-—-Neutral ME © O00 FB Summer — High 16% Whitetosted Soarow “mn OOOO Vesper Sparrow G Summer Moderate hs © c Summer Neutral 1% e008 SeosideSpartow Cc) ne CO Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page 18of 21 Species GIST season Garteamnty State Trends State Threats Nelson's Sparrow G Summer High has Saltmarsh Sparrow M Summer Neutral = & e°3o G Summer High LE Savannah S ane Ginter Low Zn © O09 G Summer High ME © 00 Henslow’s Sparrow G Winter Neutral BE © © Gen Summer Moderate Em OO Song Sparrow Gen Winter Neutral aoe OOoOOe Lincoln's Sparrow FB = Summer High hs svamps M Summer Moderate © amp Sparrow M Winter Neutral ‘Mi! © 000 caster Townee FE Summer High Bey eo0°e FE Winter Neutral Mm © O00 Yellow-breasted Chat FE Summer Neutral Hn O09 Bobolink G Summer High i © 6 Summer Moderate ~~ BE OCOOSO Eastern Meadowlark G Winter Neutral /_—— O00 Orchard Oriole FE Summer Low HM © O00 Baltimore Oriole FE Summer Low. -~ 4 COOO® ecevinged ckbvy 2 Summet_ Neue 86% *OCO0o0°e Gen Winter Neutral = © O00 Gen Summer Neutral ~ RE OOCOe Brown-headed Cowbird Gen Winter Neutral LE © O09 FB Summer High MH Rusty Blackbird ee FB Winter Neutral Dn OOoOg Brewer's Blackbird Gen Winter Neutral MZ ©O0°0 FE Summer Low 84% *O C000 c Gracki “ee FE Winter Nel EC OOO Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page gof'21 Habitat Range-wide Species Group $257 Vuinerapiity. State Trends State Threats © Summer High —-_7 © © Boat-tailed Grackle c Winter Moderate 1% e200 Ovenbird FE Summer Moderate : © Worm-eating Warbler FE Summer High (Zn O00 Louisiana Waterthrush FE Summer — Neutral =z ©O0°0 Northern Waterthrush FB Summer Moderate has Golden-winged Warbler FE Summer High i © Blue-winged Warbler FE Summer Moderate mmm © Od Black-and-white Warbler. FE Summer Moderate Mm: © O00 Prothonotary Warbler FE Summer Neutral Hn © O00 Tennessee Warbler FB Summer Moderate Ps Nashville Warbler FE Summer Moderate Ls © ©. Mourning Warbler FB Summer — High 8H Kentucky Warbler RE Summer Low Ts © oO oO Q Common Yellowthroat Gen Summer Low em « AOCOOSe Hooded Warbler FE Summer Moderate ~~» PE OOO00 ‘American Redstart FB Summer Moderate me OH OO°e Cerulean Warbler FE Summer High nm © Oo Northern Parula FE Summer Moderate Oooo Magnolia Warbler FB = Summer High hs Bay-breasted Warbler FB Summer — High AH Blackburnian Warbler FB = Summer High has Yellow Warbler FB Summer Moderate ha: oe Chestnut-sided Warbler FE = Summer High. Blackpoll Warbler FB Summer Moderate Black-throated Blue Warbler Palm Warbler FB Summer High Oo oo FE Summer High Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York:Page 200f21 Habitat Range-wide Species Group $257 Vuinerapiity. State Trends State Threats FB Winter Low [Be FE Summer High Emm 8 O0°0 Pine Warbler FE Winter Neutral hes © °° FB Summer Moderate a © Yellowsumped Warbler [£0000 Yellow-throated Warbler FE © Summer High //-i =n O00 Prairie Warbler FE Summer Moderate iz © O06 Rack throated Green Summer_High EE: © Canada Warbler FB = Summer High has Wilson's Warbler FW Summer — High AH Summer Tanager FE Summer Neutral Le 0OOo0°0 Scarlet Tanager FE Summer High Em OCO0OeO FE Summer Neutral oo He COOdO0e0 Northern Cardinal FE Winter Neutral x @ OOOdO Rose-breasted Grosbeak F-E Summer Moderate i: © 0G Blue Grosbeak FS Summer Neutral (im © oO Indigo Bunting FE Summer Moderate om 2% OOOO Dickcissel G Summer Neutral == © O00 Survival by Degrees: 389 Species on the Brink | New York: Page2iof21

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