DRIVE MOTIVATION

Submitted to: Mrs.Shazia

Submitted by:
M.Zeshan
M.Ishfaq
Ayesha BiBi
Andleeb Zahra
Motives
 It is generally defined as a state of psychological or
physiological arousal which influence how we
behave.
 Example,
Hunger and thirst motivate us to eat or get
something to drink.
Prediction
 Motives helps us to make prediction about behavior.
 While motive don`t tell us exactly what will happen
but they provide us an idea about the range of things
person will do.
Factors of Motives
 Motives have factors which influence the motivation.
oPrimary Psychological Motives
These are hunger, thirst and pain
o Secondary Psychological Motives
This includes wishes for social status.
Motivation
 Every person wants to achieve a great milestone in a
life time.
 To achieve success they work hard to fulfill their
goal.
 The driving and pulling forces toward success called
motivation.
According to MC Donald
 Motivation is a change of a power structure in a
human being which is related to stimulus and
reaching goals.
Types of Motivation
oIntrinsic Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation is a type of motivation
which an individual being motivated by internal drive.
 Example
Lets say an individual has set himself a goal to
being loosing weight and becoming healthier.
Types of Motivation
oExtrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic motivation is a type of motivation in
which an individual is being motivated by external
desired.
 Example
If any individual had pressure of any either
individual to becoming slim or healthy.
Need
 Need is a psychological feature that arouses an
organism to achieve toward a goal giving purpose
and direction to behavior.
 Need essentially motivate us into action.
 As a stimulated needs load to the inner tension that
drives us into action.
 A need is something that is necessary for organism
to live a healthy life.
DRIVES
 A Drive is a psychological state of arousal that
compels human to take action to restore their
homeostatic balance.
 When the balance is restored, the drive is reduced.
Homeostasis
 Homeostasis refers to the body`s needs to react and
maintain a certain state of equilibrium .
 Temperature maintenance.
Types of drives
o Primary drives
 These are biological in nature, they arise when
instincts of hunger and thirst, are in operation.
oSecondary drives
 These arise as primary drive.
DRIVES
 Hull viewed the drive as stimulus, arising from a
tissue need, which in turn stimulates behavior.
 The strength of the drive is determined upon the
length of the deprivation or the intensity/strength of
the resulting behavior
 He believed the drive to be non specific, which
means that the drive does not direct behavior rather
it function to energies it.
 In addition this drive reduction is the reinforcement
Hull`s Learning Theory
 Hull`s learning theory focuses mainly on the
principal of reinforcement.
 When a Stimulus(S) Response(R) that is a S-R
relationship is followed by a reduction of the need,
the probability increase that in future similar
situation the same stimulus will create the same
prior response.
Hull`s Learning Theory
 Reinforcement can be defined in terms of reduction
of a primary need.
 Just as Hull believed there were secondary drives,
he also feel that there were secondary reinforcement.
 He stated that if the intensity of the stimulus is
reduced as the result of secondary or learned drive,
it will act as a secondary reinforcement.
Hull`s Learning Theory
 The way to strengthen the S-R response is to
increase the number of reinforcement habit strength.
 Clark Hull`s motivation deductive theory of behavior
relied on the belief that the link between the S-R
relationship could be anything that might effect how
can organism responds.
 Learning, fatigue, disease, injury, motivation etc are
some of the ways in which an organism responds.
Hull`s Learning Theory
 He labeled this relationship a “E”, a reaction potential,
or as sEr.
 Clark goal was to make a science out of all of these
intervening factors.
 He classified his formula;
 sEr=(sHr x D x K x V )_ (sIr + Ir)+ /- sOr as a
global theory of behavior.
 Habit strength, sHr,is determined by the number of
reinforces.

Hull`s Learning Theory
 Drive strength, D, is measure by the hours of
deprivation of a need.
 K, is the incentive value of stimulus V, is the
measure of connectiveness.
 Inhibitory strength sIr is number of non reinforce.
Reactive inhabitation Ir is when the organism has to
work hard for a reward and become fatigued. The
last variable in this formula is sOr, which accounts
for random error.
Hull`s Learning Theory
 He believed that this formula could account for all
behaviors, and that it would generate more accurate
empirical data, which would eliminate all ineffective
introspective methods within the laboratory.
 Although Hull was a great contributed to psychology,
his theory was criticized for the lack of
generalisability due to the way he defined his
variables in such precise quantitative terms.
Drive Reduction Theory
 Developed by behaviorist Clark Hull as a way of
accounting for learning, motivation behavior.
 This theory largely based on the concept of
homeostasis.
 homeostasis is a state where in all of an organism`s
needs are met.
Basic concept of the Theory
Need- Psychological imbalance
Drive- state of tension
Goal- commodity which reduce reduction.
 Reinforcement-Reward
Assumptions of the Theory
 This theory talks about an organism`s reaction on
event where his physical need are challenged.
 Because of this disturbance in homeostasis, there is
development of drive to fulfill that specific need to
bring the individual out of its discomfort.
 Reduction of the drive is a major cause of learning
and behavior.

Assumption of the Theory
 Reduction of the drive comes satisfaction.
 thus the behavior is most likely to be repeated again
when the reinforcement increases.
Strength
 It does a nice job explaining most primary drives
precisely.
 Inspired an enormous amount of research on
motivation.
Weaknesses
 Does not explain how secondary drives reduce
primary.
 It cannot be a complete theory of behavior.
 Does not explain why people engage in behaviors
that do not reduce drives. E.g. people often eat when
they are not hungry or drink when they are not thirsty.
 Fail to explain human action that produce rather than
reduce tension.