CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOD

A. RESEARCH DESIGN

Quantitative research is specific in its surveying and experimentation, as it builds upon existing
theories (Leedy, P. & Ormrod, J., 2001). During the experimental research, the researcher investigates the
treatment of an intervention into the study group and then measures the outcomes of the treatment. There
are three types of exploratory approaches: pre-experimental, true experimental, and quasi-experimental
(Leedy, P. & Ormrod, J., 2001).

In this study, the method of the study is a quantitative design with pre-test and post-test and the
design is a true-experimental design type. The research can be classified as a true-experimental design
type. It will apply the pretest-posttest control group design. In this design, which uses two groups, it will
intact group pretest-posttest design involving two class will choose randomly and decided into
experimental group and control group. One group is given the treatment and the result are gathered at the
end. The control group receives no treatment, over the same period of time, but undergoes exactly the
same tests. In this research, there are two variables, online Quizizz as the independent variable and student
vocabulary achievement as the dependent variable. The table below shows the design of the research :

Table 1: The Design of the Research

Re (X1) O1 O3

(X)

Rc (X1) O2 O4

Re : Experimental group/class

Rc : Control group/class

O1 or O3 : Using Online Quizizz

O2 or O4 : Using General Teaching

X : Treatment (online Quizizz)

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B. POPULATION AND SAMPLE

1. Population
According to Pilot, D.F., & Hungler, B. P. (1999, hal. 37) States a view that “The population as
an aggregate or totality of all the objects, subjects or members that conform to a set of specifications”.
In this study, the population of this research included the SMPN 1 Driyorejo in the seventh - grade
students, in the academic year 2019/2020. The school has seven 7th grade classes in which class
contains 42-48 students each. The table below shows the design of the research :

Table 2: The Number of Students

Class IX A IX B IX C IX D IX E IX F
Number of students 44 48 42 46 43 47

2. Sample

According to Webster, M. (1985) States a view that “A sample is a finite part of a statistical
population whose properties are studied to gain information about the whole”. “A sample is a subset of a
population selected to participate in the study, it is a fraction of the whole, selected to participate in the
research project” (Brink, HIL & Polit, D.F., Hungler, B.P., 1996 ; 1999, hal. 133 & 227).

This study will use cluster random sampling, (Ochoa, 2017) States a view that Cluster random
sampling is a method that makes the most of the groups or clusters in the population that correctly
represent the total population in relation to the characteristic that we wish to measure. In other words, all
of the variability that exists in a population is contained within the population. When this is the case, we
can select just a few of these clusters to conduct our study.

The researcher will decide to choose two classes as sample those are X A and X B. Those classes
have been chosen randomly by tossing a coin, in order to be fair. After sampling selection, X A will be
selected as an experimental class and X B as a control class. The experimental group will be taught with
online Quizizz for the teaching vocabulary. The researcher has made lesson plans and activities for every
meeting based on the school-based curriculum. The control group will be given the same materials but
only teach in general. The table below shows the distribution of treatment in the research.

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 Table 3: The Research Sample based Class
Group Class Treatment Number of Students
Experimental XA Online Quizizz 44
Control XB General Teaching 48

C. RESEARCH VARIABLES

1. Variable identification
a. Independent Variable: Using Online Quizizz

Quizizz is an educational app that applies the concept of gamification (MacNamara &
Murphy, 2017). The researcher will prove the result by using online Quizizz to know the
influence on students’ vocabulary achievement in SMPN 1 Driyorejo 7th grade second semester.

b. Dependent Variable: Students’ Vocabulary Achievement

Vocabulary plays an important role in improving our skills in English. It becomes one of the
aspects of improving communication skills. The researcher shows the result of the study
especially on the students’ vocabulary achievement appropriates the condition achievement in the
school.

2. Operational Definition of Variables

a. Independent Variable:
Steps in testing online Quizizz in teaching vocabulary:

1) The teacher will teach the material based on the chapter IV “This is my word”.
2) The teacher will give an example of things around us.
3) Students will try to find about things around us.
4) Students will get feedback from teacher and their friends about things in the classroom that
has students analysis.
5) The teacher will prepare the application to use.
6) The teacher will give instruction that students’ using a mobile phone to apply the
application.
7) The teacher will divide into some groups. Each group consists of 4-5 students.
8) Each group of students has to make a group on Quizizz application.

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 9) The teacher will give a task which consists of several games about vocabulary to the
students, on Quizizz application.
10) Students will answer the tasks on the Quizizz application.
11) Students will get score from the Quizizz application
12) The teacher will give feedback such as comment, suggest, criticism, and the result of
analysis.

b. Dependent Variable:
The students’ score of vocabulary test which measures the students’ ability:

1) To find a synonym of the word.

2) To find antonym of word.
3) To explain the meanings of difficult words using the students’ own words.
4) To create descriptive text.

D. RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

1. Independent Variable: The instrument of this study one lesson plans

a. Two syllabus that is different, one of syllabus for experimental class and other for control
class.
b. Two lesson plans, one lesson plan for the experimental class using online Quizizz, and other
lesson plan for control class using the common practice in teaching vocabulary.
c. Three media, those are : Quizizz and descriptive text.
d. Exercises, given the same both of experimental class and control class.

2. Dependent Variable: The instrument of this study vocabulary tests

a. Assessment for both of experimental class and control class.
b. One pre-test
c. Three kind of exercise: Synonym, Antonym, Students’ own words meaning, and Descriptive
text.
d. Number of questions will be 15, as follows: Synonym (5 Multiple choice), Antonym (5
Multiple choice), Students’ own words meaning (3 Short answer), and Descriptive text (2
Essay).
e. For scoring will be:

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 Kind of test Scores Amout
5 Multiple choice 4 20
5 Multiple choice 4 20
3 Short answer 10 30
2 Essay 15 30
Total 100
f. Post-test will be held different both two classes: Experimental class will be given online test
using online Quizizz and Control class will be given common test using paper.

The type of test will use in this research is a subjective test. The subjective test will give are: 1)
to give the synonym of the word. 2) to give the antonym of word. 3) to explain the meaning of
difficult words using the students’ own words. 3) explain the meaning of difficult words using the
students’ own words. 4) to be able to create descriptive text. Which each abilities are determined in:
synonym (Multiple choice), antonym (Multiple choice), students’ own words meaning (Short
answer), and Students’ own sentences (Essay). On the pre-test, the students will do the same writing
test for both of experimental class and control class. After the treatment is given, the students of
experimental class will do the post-test onQuizizz. Otherwise, the students of control class will do the
same test but in a paper.

E. DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUE

To collect the data, the writer will use the questionnaire and instrument as are subjective test
and objective test. The test will be divided into two tests, pre-test and post-test. The pre-test will give
to the students before the treatment and the post-test after the treatment. The kind of test answers two
types of tasks on the Quizizz application.

1. Pre-test

The teacher will give the students a pre-test for both experimental class and control class to
know “skill of vocabulary on the students in using Online Quizizz”. The pre-test is answering two
types of tasks on the Quizizz application in 30 minutes.

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 2. Treatment

In this part, there are two part of treatment for experimental class and control class.
a. Experimental class treatment :

1) The teacher will teach the material based on the chapter IV “This is my word”
2) The teacher will give an example of things around us.
3) Students will try to find about things around us.
4) Students will get feedback from teacher and their friends about things in the classroom that
has students analysis.
5) The teacher will prepare the application to use.
6) The teacher will give instruction that students’ using a mobile phone to apply the
application.
7) The teacher will divide into some groups. Each group consists of 4-5 students.
8) Each group of students has to make a group on Quizizz application.
9) The teacher will give a task which consists of several games about vocabulary to the
students, on Quizizz application.
10) Students will answer the tasks on the Quizizz application.
11) Students will get score from the Quizizz application
12) The teacher will give feedback such as comment, suggest, criticism, and the result of
analysis.

b. Control class treatment :

1) The teacher will give the material about descriptive text, explain about descriptive text,
generic structure of the descriptive text, and language features of descriptive text.
2) The teacher will give an example of a descriptive text about the holiday.
3) Students will observe the descriptive paragraph that the teacher has given about generic
structure and language features.
4) Students will try to identify descriptive text (generic structure and language features of
descriptive text).
5) Students will get feedback from the teacher and their friends about the descriptive text that
has student analysis.

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 6) Students will try to do some exercise about the descriptive text such as identify descriptive
paragraph, complete descriptive paragraphs, etc.
7) After the students understand the descriptive paragraph, students will try to write a
descriptive paragraph trough a descriptive plan about their holiday.
8) Student will get feedback from the teacher and their friends about the descriptive paragraph
that they have to write by them selves.
9) After the students understand about descriptive text, the teacher will give students
homework.
10) The teacher will give three topics about a descriptive paragraph (best moment, sad moment,
an unforgettable moment).
11) The result of the homework will discuss in the second meeting with the teacher and other
students in the class.

3. Post-test

In the next steps, the teacher will give post-test both of the classes. In the post-test, the students
will be given some assignments about vocabulary text. First, the students will answer two types of
tasks on the Quizizz application. Second, the students will do some exercises like finding a synonym
of a word, antonym of a word, explaining the meaning of difficult words using the students’ own
words. The result of pre-test and post-test can be collected and compare to know the influence of
using online Quizizz on students’ vocabulary achievement.

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F. DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE

Data analysis was the last procedure of the pre-test and post-test and the design is a true-
experimental design type. In order to obtain the result of this study, the data analysis will be conducted
by using t-test :

̅ − 𝑿
𝑿 ̅̅̅̅
̅𝟐
𝟏

𝑺𝟐 𝑺𝟐 𝑺 𝑺
√ 𝟏 + 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒓 ( 𝟏 ) ( 𝟐 )
𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐 √𝒏𝟏 √𝒏𝟐

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