Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
• Teodoro Agoncillo:
•Herodotus: pioneered nationalist
• Renato
historiography in the Constantino:
the Father of Philippines conceived the idea
History • Authored a book titled of PEOPLE’S
“History of the Filipino
People” (1973) HISTORY (history
•Greek thinker • Also authored “The of the Filipino
Revolt of the Masses: masses)
The Story of Bonifacio
and the Katipunan” • Authored a book
(1956) and Malolos: The titled “Philippines:
Crisis of the Republic
(1960) A Past Revisited”
(1975)
NOTABLE HISTORIANS:
•Zeus Salazar: Reynaldo Ileto: Samuel Tan:
Conceived the idea of Authored the book Approached Philippine
“PANTAYONG titled “Pasyon and history through the
PANANAW” Revolution: struggles of Filipino
(understanding the Popular
past from our cultural Muslim during the
Movements in the American colonialism
frame and language) Philippines, 1840-
1910 (1979)
Emphasized the value Authored “The Filipino
of Austronesian roots Muslim Armed Struggle,
citing Jaime Using folks and by 1900-1972” (1978) and A
Veneracion’s using alternative History of the Philippines
Kasaysayan ng historical sources (1987)
Bulacan (1986) such folk songs and
prayers
INTERNAL CRITICISM
(CONTENT ANALYSIS): the credibility
and reliability of the document or
historical source ; understanding the
HISTORICAL substance and the message
Primary Source
Secondary Tertiary
Source Source
• Documents, Physical • Materials made by a • Third-generation
Objects and Video person long after the sources
Accounts made by events (5 years) • A reflection of a
an individual or a being described had reflection of the
group present at the take place primary source
time and place being • Serves as • Prone to
described interpretations and manipulation and
• Direct experiences reflection of primary historical
(First-hand) : to give sources revisionism
facts • To give analysis • To give alternative
about historic events perspectives
Sources of History:
Relics (for living) and Artifacts (material culture)
• Describe ways of life and extent of civilization (e.g.
LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION, Zheng He’s Stele
Inscription)
Testimonies (Oral Sources)
• Describe an event (Vaclav Havel’s Speech during the Velvet
Revolution of 1989)
Intentional and
Unintentional Sources
Intentional Source
• Intended for historical understanding of the future
generation (personal level: diary; Laurel Thatcher
Ulrich’s A Midwife’s Tale in 1990)
Unintentional Source
• Not produced for historical understanding (e.g. video
of Kennedy’s assassination )
SOURCE TYPOLOGIES (According
to Physical Attribute)
•Narrative/ Literary Sources : chronicles or
tracts (written sources)
Diplomatic
Ego Documents Social Documents
Source
• Diaries • Transcriptions of • Products of
• Memoirs laws record-keeping
• Legal • CLUP of a
documents and Municipality;
protocols Registration
• Three parts: certificate,
protocol, content Jurisprudence
and eschatocol
Archeological Evidence
•Represents the material culture of the past
civilizations
•MANIFESTATIONS/ EVIDENCE:
1.) Coins (Penniform Gold Barter Ring)
2.) Fossils / relics (Homo luzonensis)
3.) Vessels (Butuan Boat)
4.) Scientific Innovations (gramophone)
ORAL Evidence
•Tales of the past; oral accounts that
passed through generations
EVIDENCE:
1.) Vedas (Vedic Literature of Hinduism)
2.) Folk narratives in the Philippines
(Alamat; Bugtong; Kwentong bayan;
Salawikain)
ACTIVITY 1: Kinds of Historical
Sources (1/4 sheet of paper)
1.) Memoirs of Juan Ponce Enrile
2.) Bank Statement of your Parents
3.) Your Written Report in Class about Martial Law
4.) Highschool History Textbooks that analyzed the earlier printed
academic accounts on Martial Law
5.) Artifacts and relics
6.) Photos about the EDSA I
7.) Editorial Cartoons in the Newspapers
8.) Paintings
9.) Online Message in your FB Account
10.) Your FB Post about the DENGUE OUTBREAK reported by GMA
News
• In the Philippines: • National Library and
National Archives as
major repositories of
documentary sources
• Reputable universities
(UP; Ateneo de Manila,
UST-Benavides Library,
Siliman University,
University of San
Carlos)
The Characteristics of
Philippine Historiography:
The dominance of political narratives
Colonial histories
Elite-centric perspectives
Patriarchal orientation
Emphasis on lowland Filipinos
The dominance of political
narratives
Colonial histories
Elite-centric perspectives
•Story of the ilustrados
(educated Filipinos)
•Local politicians negotiating
with the Americans in gaining
independence
•Constantino’s people history
and Ileto’s history from below
Patriarchal Orientation
• Emphasis on the HEROISM OF MEN IN THE SOCIETY
• WOMEN are just SUPPORT to men.
BUT:
1.) Melchora Aquino : mother of Katipunan
2.) Gabriela Silang : led the Ilocos revolt after the
death of his husband
3.) Teresa Magbanua : “Joan of Arc” of the
Visayas’ against American and Japanese colonialism
4.) Leona Florentino : Mother of Philippine
Women’s Literature
5.) Encarnacion Alzona : first Filipina historian and
the first Filipina to obtain a PhD degree
6.) Corazon Aquino : first female President in Asia
Emphasis on lowland
Filipinos
•Christianized lowland Filipinos as
subjects of history (mainstream
history)
•Neglect of the Moro people;
Cordillerans, Mangyans of Mindoro
•Instigation of the “culture of
mistrust” between CHRISTIAN AND
MUSLIMS
SUMMARY OF THE
LESSON:
• The Philippine Historiography
• Thinkers of Philippine Historiography
• Kinds of historical sources
According to Origin (Content and Context) : Primary,
Secondary and Tertiary Sources
According to Intention: Intentional and Unintentional
Source
According to Types: Literary Source (Written),
Archaeological, Oral Sources
CASE STUDY 1:
ORAL INDIGENOUS HISTORY
1.) Access youtube.com. Then, watch Kapuso Mo,
Jessica Soho: “Ligbok”, Namamatay na Wika?”
2.) After watching the video, accomplish the form
provided by the faculty-in-charge
3.) Due: Monday (Aug. 31, 2019- 12 noon) via
ejbacud@slu.edu.ph
Saint Louis University
Department of Political and Social Sciences
July 31, 2018
American-
sponsored
Writer
American-
sponsored
Writer
Recipient of National
M.A. History Obtained full Filipino
Award on Philippine
degree holder citizenship in 1976
Historiography
Main Curriculum
Developer of the subject
Authored “Readings
Rizal and the M.A. Philosophy
in Philippine Church
Emergence of the degree holder
History” in 1979
Philippine Nation in
Ateneo
• PROFILING THE AUTHOR: Fr. John N. Schumacher, SJ
PhD degree Authored the
obtained from Died in 2016 due to Propaganda
Georgetown cardiac arrest Movement 1880-
University 1895
Recipient of National
M.A. History Obtained full Filipino
Award on Philippine
degree holder citizenship in 1976
Historiography
Main Curriculum
Authored Developer of the
“Readings in subject Rizal and the M.A. Philosophy
Philippine Church Emergence of the degree holder
History” in 1979 Philippine Nation in
Ateneo
FURTHERMORE:
EVENTS BASED
Sense of To BUILD
NATION is to
ON FILIPINOS
POINT OF VIEW
National UNDERSTAND
Identity HISTORY
RIZAL’S LITERARY
WORKS &
BONIFACIO’S ANG
DAPAT MABATID
NG MGA TAGALOG
THEME 1 “MUST BE FILIPINO”
• DEVELOPING CONSCIOUSNESS OF BEING
PEOPLE WITH COMMON ORIGIN AND
COMMON EXPERIENCES
“CENTRALITY OF HISTORICAL
THEME 2 PERSPECTIVE”
• FOCUSING ON A REAL UNDERSTANDING OF
THE PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT
CRITICAL
HISTORY
MAIN THESIS:
“THERE IS A FILIPINO HISTORY BEFORE
THE COLONIAL ERA (1872)”
Schumacher’s Arguments:
•WHY IS IT SO
SUCH
THAT THE HISTORY WE
HAVE TODAY TENDS
RATHER
THAN US, FILIPINOS?
Authoritative Answer:
DIPESH CHAKRABARTY’S
“The Difference-Deferral of a
Colonial Mentality (1997)
THE PHILIPPINES
FORMATIVE CENTURY
Little emphasis on
INSIGHTS OF commercialization of
SCHUMACHER
agriculture
PHILIPPINE
REVOLUTION
A Deeper Cultural Understanding Must Be
Applied in understanding the different regions of
the country (Negros region, Iloilo, Tagalog) in
relation with the time of American colonialism
The real history of
Revolution is still to be
written (not just Cavite,
INSIGHTS OF Malolos or Luzon)
SCHUMACHER
ABOUT THE History of
HISTORY OF Revolution must
AMERICAN be done through a
COLONIALISM thorough research of
each region
• History is always written
from a point of view
• OBSERVING TRUISM IN
WRITING HISTORY
(ala 19th century approach to
history)
History is a science with laws
HOW?
CHAPTER 13: A
Vagueness: “Sense of Pride” and
HERITAGE OF “Sense of Humility” – can a Filipino cater
SMALLNESS the culture of bigness?
• PRIMARY SOURCE:
Nietzsche, F. (1844-1900). On the Advantage and Disadvantage of History for Life.
Hackett Publishing Company.
Scott, W. H. Cracks in the Parchment Curtain
Schumacher, J., SJ (1991). The Making of a Nation: Essays on Nineteenth Century
Filipino Nationalism. Ateneo de Manila University Press.
SECONDARY SOURCES:
Candelaria, J. & Alporha (2018). Readings in Philippine History. Rex Bookstore
Hawkins, M. (2013). Making Moros: Imperial Historicism and American Military Rule
in the Philippines’ Muslim South
Joaquin, N. (1988). Culture and History. Pasig City. Anvil Publishing
Mojares, R. (2017). Interrogations in Philippine Cultural History. Ateneo de Manila
University Press.
Ocampo, A. (2010-2017). Looking Back Series. Anvil Publishing