PAAVAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NH-7, PACHAL, NAMAKKAL, 637 018

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

PAPER PRESENTATION ON

GREEN BUILDINGS

PRESENTED BY,

V.GOWTHAM,

V.SURYADEVAN,

Email ID:

gowtham.vdb@gmail.com

suryadevan140@gmail.com

CONTACT:

Gowtham-9626535225,

Suryadevan-8973855505
 Content
Abstract

Introduction

Green Building

Site selection

Construction materials

Energy efficiency

Water efficiency

Material efficiency

Renewable resources

Sustainability

E-gain forecasting

Life cycle assessment

Operation and maintenance optimization

Indoor air quality

Waste reduction

Cost and payoff

Green Building Councils

LEED

BEEE

GRIHA

Conclusion
 Abstract

This paper deals with the study of Green Buildings build all over the world, the
importance of constructing the Green Buildings, their values and benefits. However the
Green buildings are built all over the world still it was only to a minimum extend. Many
countries are still not interested in constructing the Green Buildings. In order to enhance this
Green Building concept and make awareness about the Green Building many private sectors
and government councils are working hard with qualified persons. Architecture and civil
engineering fields play a major role in the construction of Green Buildings to protect the
nature. Constructing a Green Building is not only means to construction; it should be
maintained with all energy efficient sources available in their locality. Nowadays the natural
resources are over used and results in extinction of all natural resources for us and our future
generation. Moreover that our environment get polluted, due to the usage of non-renewable
resources like petrol, diesel, electricity, etc. Everything will be changed by the people and the
government should take response to produce the Green Building concept among the people.
Everyone should be the role model for the people to conserve our nature and all natural
resources for our healthier life and clean environment. Each and every problem has their node
at our house and we the responsibilities for them. The Global warming, Greenhouse effect
and every problem will be resolved by constructing the Green Buildings all over the world
and changing the normal buildings as the Green Buildings.
Introduction:

Four instructions to be followed in modern construction:

1. Tradition
2. Culture
3. Knowledge
4. Architecture

In this the architecture should take the responsibilities to protect nature. A Green Building
contributes to the protection of human health, social values and cultural values.

The availability of the technology and knowledge to build green buildings has passed
a tipping point. Green buildings are constructed all over the world in every sector of the
economy; residential, commercial, non-profit, government, etc. Another breakthrough is the
diversity of green technology. There is an abundance of options, so any green builder has the
ability to capitalize on the local natural resources available, and customize the building to
most efficiently operate in the local environment. Along with the advancement of technology,
the increasing awareness of environmental issues, decrease the burden on the green builder

Green Building:

Green Building is a concept that aims at minimising wasteful activities and promotes
environmentally favourable technologies right from the construction to the subsequent
maintenance of such buildings.
The principle of Green Building is “increasing in population and many cities and towns
across the world are moving towards appropriate frame work and policies to promote Green
Buildings.”

A Green Building uses and requires as less energy, water and materials during its lifespan.

There are many rating systems to categorize the Green Buildings. Some of them are as
follows:

1. GRIHA, India
2. LEED, North America
3. BREAM, UK
4. GREEN STAR, Australia

Site selection:

Green Building design is in harmony with nature. Natural day light will enter these buildings
easier than in the regular ones, which means the living environment will be more
comfortable.

A
Green Building should hinder the environmental burdens and conserves resources.
Construction materials:

Green Building’s Material selection.

Now buildings are packed with materials such as fibre glass and Styrofoam that have lots of
pockets for trapping air and keeping the building nice and cosy.

Green buildings also use environmentally friendly material, including rapidly renewable,
recycled/reused contents, sustainably grown, water conserving, energy efficient and locally
produced products.

Some rapidly renewable items are bamboo, straw, recycled metal, recycled stone and non-
toxic items.

Energy efficiency:

“Energy is much bigger issue in places where the rates are higher”

Insulation in home can help a lot to conserve energy. The main thing for a Green Building is
to use less electrical power.

The energy requirement of a building that we live or work in is around 40% (developed
country) of the total energy consumption.

The construction of a building is itself energy intensive.

A Green Building uses renewable energy resources such as solar power, is equipped with
energy saving appliances, has systems in integrated for conservation of energy and water; it
thus provides a congenial living environment.

Most of the Green Buildings uses almost some sources of alternate energy.
 1. Solar power
2. Hydro power
3. Wind power
4. Bio mass power

These are far healthier than the other sources.

They might be costly to install but in time the cost will be absorbed as the bills for electricity
in such as buildings are reduced.

We can save about 40% on electric bill and 50% on water bill in a Green Building.

The easiest way to begin to Green an existing building, and save on energy cost is to alter the
lighting.

We can use the CFL (compact fluorescent light) and LED (light emitting diode) instead of the
incandescent bulb. Well we can save up to 60% on CFL and 80% on LED.

Wind energy is the most efficient for small buildings like school.

We should not think only of the big things causing the harmful effects. We should also
observe the small things such as the computers, printers, etc. are consuming what amount of
electricity. We should prefer to buy certified products to enhance the energy efficiency.
ENERGY STAR ratings are the most handy and consumer friendly barometer when buying
efficient appliances, electronics, etc.

We should prefer to use the clean energy which is pollutant. We can use the electric vehicles
instead of petroleum vehicles which can reduce the emission of the co2 and so2 to a larger
extend.

In 2005, Energy Policy Act reduced tax for the Green home builders.

Water efficiency:

Water efficiency is also a major part of green building process. Water is reused every time
the toilet is flushed. To conserve the water, plants and trees should be plant through:

1. Green roofs
2. Rain gardens
3. Reduction of rain water runoff

The key objectives of the sustainable buildings are reducing water consumption and
protecting water quality.
Material efficiency:

Since BLACK absorbs heat, many roofs are dark or black to make a building warmer.
Scientists are designing something called “COOL ROOFS” designed to reflect certain
wavelengths of sunlight.

The Green Buildings use eco-friendly Green materials which are superior when it comes to
protecting the environment.

Windows should be made of special substances which allow a better isolation and the walls
should keep the building cool during summer.

Durability of a Green Building is superior to the one of a standard building which means that
there will be less repair and maintenance required.

We should use the Packed Gravel or Permeable Concrete instead of asphalt or conventional
concrete to enhance replenishment of ground water are used as well.

Renewable resources:

Energy and resources plays an important role in developing Green Building capacities in the
country.

Resources required for the creation of such a building are far less than the ones of a regular
building, as well as the waste which results from the process of the demolition.

1. It reduces the pollution if the environment.

2. It reduces the amount of resources required.
3. It consumes less energy (40% less than the regular buildings).

No toxic elements are present in the construction of such a building or they replaced with
non-toxic counter parts.

Sustainability:

Sustainability may be defined as meeting the needs of present generation without

compromising the ability of future generation to meet their needs. A sustainable building is
energy efficient.

Environmentally sustainable buildings do not utilise traditional resources that contribute to or

increase pollution and the construction and subsequent operation minimises waste generation
while maximising on sustainable.
e-Gain forecasting:
Egain forecasting is a method using forecasting technology to predict the future weather's
impact on a building. By adjusting the heat based on the weather forecast, the system
eliminates redundant use of heat, thus reducing the energy consumption and the emission
of greenhouse gases.

Life cycle assessment:

If architecture is combined with technology miracles will be happen.

Effective window replacement can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric
lighting during day time.

Although new technologies are constantly being developed to complement current practices
in creating greener structures, the common objective is that green buildings are designed to
reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural
environment by:

1. Efficiently using energy, water, and other resources

2. Protecting occupant health and improving employee productivity
3. Reducing waste, pollution and environmental degradation

Operation and maintenance optimization:

As a result of the increased interest in green building concepts and practices, a number of
organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government
regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace green building with confidence. In
some cases, codes are written so local governments can adopt them as bylaws to reduce the
local environmental impact of buildings.

As a result of the increased interest in green building concepts and practices, a number of
organizations have developed standards, codes and rating systems that let government
regulators, building professionals and consumers embrace green building with confidence. In
some cases, codes are written so local governments can adopt them as by laws to reduce the
local environmental impact of buildings.

Green building rating systems such as BREEAM (United Kingdom), LEED (United States
and Canada), and GRIHA (India) help consumers determine a structure’s level of
environmental performance. They award credits for optional building features that support
green design in categories such as location and maintenance of building site, conservation of
water, energy, and building materials, and occupant comfort and health. The number of
credits generally determines the level of achievement.
Indoor air quality:

The ultimate aim of the Indoor Air Quality is to reduce the VOC (Volatile Organic
Compounds) and microbial contaminants.

The building sector has the greatest potential to reduce CO2 emissions. Currently, 30% of
global CO2 emissions and 40% of global resource consumption is a result of constructing
buildings. Our main goals is to optimise the environmental performance of a building using a
life cycle approach, in which the materials and products used in a building are compared and
evaluated for best performance at the building level. To enable such comparisons,
information about the environmental performance of products must consistently be reliable
and available.

To improve the indoor air quality we have to use sustainable, recycled or re-used materials.

Waste reduction:

It is said that “we have to worry about the energy waste-the energy we bought, paid for, and
did not use.”

We have to select the materials which results in low production of the wastages.

To reduce the impact on wells or water treatment plants, several options exist. "Grey water",
wastewater from sources such as dishwashing or washing machines, can be used for
subsurface irrigation, or if treated, for non-potable purposes, e.g., to flush toilets and wash
cars. Rainwater collectors are used for similar purposes.

Cost and payoff:

Many people select the things only of their cost and they are forgotten to think the
maintenances cost.

Solar water heater further reduces the energy costs.

Waste water should be used as fertilisers in order to reduce the cost of waste water treatment.

Collecting of human wastes at their source and use them as fertilizers to enhance the soil
fertility and increase organic nutrients and create carbon sinks which removes the CO2 from
atmosphere, offsetting Green House gas emission.

Producing artificial fertilizers also most costly than this.

The most criticized issue about constructing environmentally friendly buildings is the price.
Photo-voltaic, new appliances and modern technologies tend to cost more money. Most green
buildings cost a premium of less than 2%, but yield 10 times as much over the entire life of
the building. The stigma is between the knowledge of up-front cost vs. life-cycle cost.
Benefits:

Besides their environmental aspects, Green Building also significant in the contribution to
direct and indirect employment by manufacturing, design, certification, maintenance,
installation, innovation and selling of products and technology.

Human health increased as well which means that they will be more production, thus in long
run resulting on a better financial situation.

The intangible and unseen benefits of Green Buildings are increased productivity of workers
due to better aesthetically improved living and working environment.

There are lots of benefits when deciding to adopt a Green life besides the most obvious ones
such as protecting and aiding the ecosystem or having a healthier life, the economical aspect
will also be improved as well. One of the areas which rely more and more on the Green side
is Architecture.

Green Building Councils:

Logo of the World Green Building Council

In 1970, Green Building moment began. Green Building Council is a National, non-profit,
non-government, organization and a Global network recognised by WGBC (World Green
Building Council). There 17 GBCs around the world. As early 2011, 80 Green Building
Councils are at various stages of their development. The Russian Green Building Council is a
well developing one among the all others.

According to IBGC (Indian Green Building Council) a Green Building is a one which uses
less water, optimises energy efficiency, fewer wastes and provides healthier spaces for
occupants, as compared to a conventional building.

Total area of green building in 2003 is just 20,000 sq. ft. Now, 27.5 core sq. ft. green building
constructions are going on in India.

IGBC plans to construct 600 Green Buildings all over India. It requires about 60,000 skilled
people. But there are only 6,000 people available. This Green Building concept should be
developed at student stage. The main thing for a Green Building is to use less electrical
power.

Even Indian government is also planning to construct their offices as Green Buildings.
 There are only 5 Green Building manufacturers available at the time of construction of 1st
green Building. Now, more than 100 manufacturers are available in market, with 1000
varieties of Green Buildings.

Builders and developers are more interested in the construction.

There are 163 certified buildings currently in India. India is already a member of the World
Green Building Council of union of national Green Building Council with eleven other
nations.

LEED: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Logo for LEED

In 2001, Jam shed Godrej, came to forward to build green building. The government allotted
the place at Madhapur in Hyderabad. The famous architect Mr .Karan Gower (creator), got
the 1st LEED platinum certificate.

World’s first Green Legislative Assembly is in Chennai. In Tamil Nadu it built incorporating
Green Building principles.

The largest Green Building in India to have achieved prestigious status of Green Building
Certification is Gold rating under LEED.

CII-IBGC announced that Shree Ram Urban Infrastructure, a developer is attempting the first
ever LEED Platinum rated (core and shell) in India and will be the first ever Residential
Building in the world to do so.

BEE:

Logo of BEE
The Indian Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) had launched the Energy Conservation
Building Code (ECBC) on February 2007. The code is set for energy efficiency standards for
design and construction with any building of minimum conditioned area of 1000 Sq. m and a
connected demand of power of 500 KW or 600 KVA. The energy performance index of the
code is set from 90 kW· h /sq. m/year to 200 kW· h/sq. m/year where any buildings that fall
under the index can be termed as "ECBC Compliant Building" More over the BEE had
launched a 5 star rating scheme for office buildings operated only in the day time in 3
climatic zones, composite, hot & dry, warm & humid on 25 February 2009.

The Reserve Bank of India's buildings in Delhi and Bhubaneswar in Orissa has already been
rated 4 stars and 5 stars respectively.

Wipro Office in Gurgaon, India also a green buildings

GRIHA:

Logo for GRIHA

TERI (The Energy and Resources Institute) came up with a rating system called GRIHA
which was adopted by the Government of India as the National Green Building Rating
System for the country. GRIHA aims at ensuring that all kinds of buildings become green
buildings. The strengths of GRIHA lie in the fact that it rates even non-air conditioned
buildings as green and puts great emphasis on local and traditional construction knowledge.

THE CESE building in IIT Kanpur became the first GRIHA rated building in the country and
it scored 5 stars, highest in GRIHA under the system. It has become a model for green
buildings in the country. It has proved that with little extra investment, tremendous energy
and water savings are possible.

There are various projects which are the first of their kinds to attempt for green building
ratings like apartment residential buildings and non-air conditioned buildings. Measures are
being taken to spread awareness about the GRIHA-National Green Building Rating System
of India.
EXAMPLE FOR A GREEN BUILDING:

Cybertecture in Mumbai: It is constructed in egg shape at Bandhra-Kurla complex. It is

constructed by James Law. It is constructed in nearly 40,000 sq. feet area. New panels used
and used the different kind of white glasses for this construction. Because of the Cybertecture
is in egg shape, 20% of less space is consumed. Sky garden is there on top. The water from
bathrooms will directly go to flower pots. The temperature inside the Cybertecture is less
than the outside temperature. It is good example of Green Building.

CYBERTECTURE in Mumbai

Conclusion:

The modern construction will not only having the facilities to the people encouragement. It
should also encourage the environment for the better performance of the building to the long
period. As the part of construction we the civil engineers and architects should take the
responsible to construct the Green Buildings and to recommend everyone to prefer the Green
buildings.