Step 2 - to recognize the electrodynamic and waves applications

Individual work

Romario Andrés Osorio Tejeda

Group 203058_28
1.046.816.022

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERTA Y A DISTANCIA UNAD

Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería
Teoría Electromagnética y Ondas

2019 16-04
 Introduction

Electromagnetic waves are those that do not need a material medium to propagate.
They include, but are not limited to, visible light and radio, television and telephony
waves.

The following report applies concepts of physics and electromagnetism with the aim of
determining the behavior parameters of electromagnetic waves when propagated in
open media, the results were obtained from operations Math.

Questions: (write with your own words)

1. What do you mean propagation medium open for electromagnetic waves?

The propagation of electromagnetic waves occurs in free space, they are

propagated through any dielectric material including air, but do not propagate
well through lost conductors such as seawater.

2. Within the propagation mediums, what is mean by the tangent of losses?

The tangent of loss within a medium propagation, is the measure of the quality
of an isolation. The lower the conduction current compared to the displacement
current, the better the quality of the electrical insulation. The disadvantage of this
test is that it only determines the average condition of the insulation, that is, it
does not detect the worst condition point.

3. Of what physical variables does the value of the tangent of losses depend?
The physical variables that can affect its value are moisture and dirt on the surface
of the insulation, which allows a circulation from current to ground through the
surface of the insulation increasing losses.

4. How are the propagation medium classified from the tangent of losses?
Classification of means of propagation:
Perfect dielectrics: do not have conduction current, therefore, they do not have
losses by effect.
 Perfect conductors: they do not have polarization current, therefore, they do not
have load accumulation.

Good Insulators: they have driving current and loss per joule effect, are also
called low loss dielectrics.

Good Conductors: present polarization current, therefore, they have load

accumulation effects, but the driving current and joule effect losses are much
more significant.

Dielectric Devices: have both effects and neither is negligible in front of the other.

5. What are the propagation parameters of the waves through a medium?

The parameters that influence the speed of the wave are: relative dielectric
permittivity of the medium, conductivity, magnetic permeability; these
parameters are characteristic of the medium while the emission frequency
depends on the device used.

Application exercises:

1. Calculate the tangent of losses Tan (δ) and the angle of losses δ of the medium
chosen in Table 1, if through it travel an electromagnetic wave E of frequency
𝑓 = 104 𝑀𝐻𝑧. Note that 𝐶𝐶𝐶 are the first 3 digits of your identification number:

𝜎 𝜎
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = = =
𝜔𝜀 2𝜋𝑓εr ε𝑜

1.00𝑥10−3 1.00𝑥10−3
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = = = 0.00216
2𝜋 × 104 × 106 × 80 × 8.8542 × 10−12 0.462
𝑇𝑎𝑛(𝛿) = 2.16𝑥10−3
2. According to the result obtained in point 1, classify the behavior of the chosen
medium according to one of the 5 options in Table 2:

Good insulators (low dielectric loss)

0 < Tan (δ) <= 0.1

3. According to the classification obtained in point 2 and using Table 3 shown below,
calculate the following propagation parameters of the wave in the chosen
medium:

a. Propagation constant (gamma).

b. Attenuation constant (Alpha).
c. Phase constant (Beta).
d. Intrinsic impedance (Eta).

a. 𝛾 = 𝑗𝜔√𝜇𝜀

𝛾 = 𝑖2𝜋 × 104 × 106 √1.2566 × 10−6 × 80

𝛾 = 6.55174 × 106 𝑖

b. 𝛼 = 𝜎𝜂⁄2
𝛼 = 1.00 × 10−3 × 1.2533 × 10−4 ⁄2

𝛼 = 6.2665 × 10−8 𝑁𝑝/𝑚

c. 𝛽 = 𝜔√𝜇𝜀

𝛽 = 2𝜋 × 104 × 106 √1.2566 × 10−6 × 80

𝛽 = 6.55174 × 106

d. 𝜂 = √𝜇⁄𝜀

1.2566 × 10−6
𝜂=√
80
 𝜂 = 1.2533 × 10−4 𝑂ℎ𝑚

4. According to the results obtained in point 3 and using the following equations,
calculate the propagation characteristics of the wave in the chosen medium:

a. Propagation speed 𝒗𝒑.

b. Wavelength 𝝀.
c. Speed factor 𝒇𝒗.
d. Refractive index 𝒏.

𝜔
a. 𝑣𝑝 = 𝛽

2𝜋 × 104 × 106
𝑣𝑝 = = 99.7371 𝑚/𝑠
6.55174 × 106
2𝜋
b. 𝜆 = 𝛽

2𝜋
𝜆= = 9.590 × 10−7 𝑚
6.55174 × 106

𝑣𝑝
c. 𝑓𝑣 = 𝐶0
99.7371
𝑓𝑣 = = 3.32457 × 10−7
3 × 108
1
d. 𝑛 = 𝑓
𝑣
1
𝑛= = 3.007907 × 106
3.32457 × 10−7

Conclusions

Conclusions 1: As this 5-step exercise is known to describe the method for

characterizing an electromagnetic wave when propagated in an open
environment, in this situation the SWEET WATER wave propagation medium was
chosen. Performing the different calculations to find the tangent of losses Tan (A)
 and the loss angle of the chosen medium it was established that fresh water is a
good insulator with low dielectric losses.
Conclusions 2: According to the result obtained in step 1, fresh water can be
classified as Good insulators (low dielectric loss).
Conclusions 3: To find these parameters, the classification given to the medium
chosen in the previous step, which was GOOD ISSURES, was taken into account,
knowing that we workwith the formulas proposed by this classification as seen in
Table 3 and the established values of the different parameters.

d
Bibliography

Website
Quelex. B. 9/08/2012. INVESTIGATION: Dielectrics &amp; Insulators, Loss
Tangent, Wire drivers and Low Frequencies. Recovered from:
https://es.slideshare.net/Byronf46/tarea-1-lt-200818857

E-Book
Peace. A. 03/2013. Electromagnetism for Electronic Engineering. Fields and
waves. Recovered from:
https://www.academia.edu/15312004/Electromagnetismo

Web article
Perez.G 2001. Subsurface radar. Evaluation for applications in archaeology and
historical-artistic heritage. Recovered from:
https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/6216/13capitulo04.pdf?sequence
=13&isAllowed=y.

Web article
Propagation of electromagnetic waves. Recovered from:
http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lem/vila_b_ca/capitulo1.pdf

Website
Villasusu.H. Electromagnetic waves. Recovered from:
http://teleformacion.edu.aytolacoruna.es/FISICA/document/fisicaInteractiva/On
dasbachillerato/ondasEM/ondasEleMag_indice.htm