CHAPTER 2

1.If the pressure in the air space above an oil (s=0.75) surfaced in a closed tank
is 115kpa absolute, what is the gage pressure 2m below the surface?

2.In the figure shown, if the atmospheric pressure is 101.03kpa and the absolute
pressure at the bottom of the tank is 231.3 kpa, what is the specific gravity of
olive oil?

3.Assuming specific weight of air to be constant at 12N/m3, what is the approximate

height of Mount Banahaw if a mercury barometer at the base of the mountain reads
654mm and at the same instant, another barometer at the top of the mountain reads
480mm ?

4.A hydraulic press is used to raise an 80kN cargo truck. If oil of specific
gravity of 0.82 acts on the piston under a pressure of 10Mpa,What diameter of
piston is required?

5. A drum700mm in diameter and filled with water has a vertical pipe,20mm in

diameter, attached to the top. How many Newtons of water must be poured into the
pipe to exert a force of 6500N on the top of the drum?

6.For the tank shown in the figure, h1= 3m and h3= 4m. Determine the value of h2

7. In the figure shown, what is the static pressure in the air chamber?
8. Determine the value of y in the manometer shown in the figure.

9. An open manometer attached to a pipe shows a deflection of 150mm Hg with the

lower level of mercury 450mm below the center-line of the pipe carrying water.
Calculate the pressure at the center-line of the pipe.

10.In the figure shown, determine the height h of water and the gage reading at A
when the absolute pressure at B is 290 kpa.

11. A differential manometer is attached to a pipe as shown. Calculate the pressure

difference between points A and B.

12. A bicycle tire is inflated at sea level where the atmspheric pressure is
101.3kpa and the temperature is 21o C to 445kpa. Assuming the tire does not expand,
what is the gage pressure within the tire on the top of a mountain where the
altitude is 6000m, atmospheric pressure is 47.22kpa and the temperature is 5oC ?

13. f the pressure 23m below a liquid is 338.445kpa, determine its unit weight,
mass density and specific gravity

14. In the figure shown, determine the weight W that can be carried by the 15kN
force acting on the piston.
15. The weight density of a mud is given by ?= 10+0.5h, where ? is in kN/m3 and h
is in meters. Determine the pressure in kpa, at the depth of 5m.

CHAPTER 3

1.A vertical rectangle gate 1.5m wide and 3m high is submerged half in water with
its top edge 2m below the water surface. Find the total pressure acting on one side
of the gate and its location.

2.A vertical rectangular plate is submerged half in oil (s= 0.8) and half in water
such that its top edge is flushed with the oil surface. What is the ratio of the
force exerted by water acting on the lower half to that by oil acting on the half?

3.A vertical circular gate in a tunnel 8m in diameter has oil (s=0.8) on one side
and air on the other side. If oil is 12m above the invert and the air pressure is
40kpa, where will a single support be located (above the invert of the tunnel) to
hold the gate in position?
4.In the figure shown, stop B will break if the force on it reaches 40kN. Find the
critical water dept. The length of the gate perpendicular to the sketch is 1.5m.

5. An inclined, circular gate with water on one side is shown in the figure.
Determine the total resistant force acting on the gate.

6. In the figure shown, find the width b of the concrete dam necessary to prevent
the dam from sliding. The specific gravity of concrete is 2.4 and the coefficient
of friction between the base of the dam and the foundation is 0.4. Use 1.5 s the
factor of safety against sliding. Is the dam also safe from overturning?

7. The section of the concrete gravity dam shown in the figure. The depth of water
at the upstream side is 6m. Neglect hydro-static uplift and use unit weight of
concrete equal to 23.5kN/m3 .Coefficient of friction between the base of the dam
and the foundation is 0.6. Determine the following: a) factor of safety against
sliding b) factor of safety against overturning c) the overturning moment acting
against the dam in kN-m

8. The submerged curve AB is one quarter of a circle of radius 2m and is located on

the lower corner of a tank as shown. The length of the tank perpendicular to the
sketch is 4m. Find the magnitude and location of the horizontal and vertical
components of the total force acting on AB.

9. A vertical cylindrical tank is 2 meters in diameter and 3 meters high. Its sides
are held in position by means of two steel hoops, one at the top and the other at
the bottom. If the tank is filled with water to a depth of 2.1m, determine the
tensile stress in each hoop.

10. A thin-walled hallow sphere is 3.5m in diameter holds gas at 1700kpa. Determine
the minimum wall thickness of the sphere if its allowable stress is 60MPa.

11. An iceberg having specific gravity of 0.92 is floating on salt water of sp. gr.
Of 1.03. If the volume of ice above the water surface is 1000m3,what is the total
volume of the ice?

12. If a 5kg steel plate is attached to one end of 0.1m x 0.3m x 1.20m wooden pole,
what is the length of the pole above water? Use s.g of wood of 0.50. Neglect
buoyant force on steel.

13.A block of wood (s=0.64) is in the shape of rectangular parallepiped having a

10cm square base. If the block floats in saltwater with its square base horizontal,
what is its maximum height for stable equilibrium in the upright position?

CHAPTER 4

1.A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 1.5m in diameter and 4m long is completely
filled with gasoline (s= 0.82) and accelerated horizontally at 3m/s2. Find the
total force acting at the rear wall and at the front wall of the tank. Find also
the accelerating force on the fluid mass.

2.A closed rectangular tank 4m long, 2m wide and 2m high is filled with water to a
depth of 1.8m. If the allowable force at the rear wall of the tank is 200kN. How
fast can it be accelerated horizontally?

3.An open tank 1.82m square weighs 3425N and contains 0.91m of water. It is acted
by an unbalanced force of 10400N parallel to a pair of sides. What is the force
acting in the side with the smallest depth?

4.An open trapezoidal tank having a bottom width of 3m is 2m high, 1.5m wide, and
has its sides inclined 60o with the horizontal. It is filled with water to a depth
of 1.5m. If the tank is accelerated horizontally along the length at 4.5m/sec2, how
much water is spilled out?

5.A vessel 3m in diameter containing 2.4m of water is being raised. a) Find the
pressure at the bottom of the vessel in kpa when the velocity is constant, and b)
Find the pressure at the bottom of the vessel when it is accelerating 0.6m/s2
upwards.

6.A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 15o with the
horizontal at 1.2m/s2. Determine the inclination of the oil surface when the motion
is a) upwards and b) downwards
7.An open tank containing oil (s=0.8) is accelerated vertically at 8m/s2. Determine
the pressure 3m below the surface if the motion is a.) upward with negative
acceleration b.) upward with negative acceleration c.) downward with a positive
acceleration and d.) downward with a negative acceleration.

8.A cylindrical tank used in lifting water to the top of a tower is 1.5m high. If
the pressure at the botttom of the tank is must not exceed 16kpa, what maximum
vertical acceleration can be imposed in the cylinder when it is filled with water?

9.An open cylindrical vessel having a height equal to its diameter is half-filled
with water and revolved about its own vertical axis with a constant angular speed
of 120rpm. Find its minimum diameter so that there can be no liquid spilled.

10.An open cylindrical tank 1.6m in diameter and 2m high is full of water. When
rotated about its vertical axis at 30rpm, what would be the slope of the water
surface at the rim of the tank?

11.An open cylindrical vessel 1.2m in diameter and 2.1m high is 2/3 full of water.
Compute the amount of water in liters that will be spilled out if the vessel is
rotated about its vertical axis at a constant angular speed of 90rpm.

12.An open cylindrical tank 1 meter in diameter ad 3m high is full of water. At

what speed (in rpm) must it be rotated to discharge 1/3 of its content?

13.An open vessel, 500mm in diameter and filled with water, is rotated about its
vertical axis at such velocity that the water surface 100mm from the axis makes an
angle of 40o with the horizontal. Compute the speed of rotation in rpm.

14.An open cylindrical tank 1.2m in diameter and 1.8m deep is filled with water and
rotated about its own axis at 60 revolutions per minute. How much liquid is spilled
and what is the pressure at the center of its bottom?

15.A 1.8m diameter closed cylinder, 2.7m high is completely filled with glycerin
having sp. gr. of 1.6 under pressure of 245kpa at the top. The steel plates which
form the cylinder are 5mm thick with an ultimate tensile stress of 82MPa. How fast
can it be rotated about its vertical axis to the point of bursting?

CHAPTER 5

1.Water flows through a 75mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 3m/sec. Find a.) the
volume flow rate in m3/s and li/sec, b.) the mass flow rate in kg/sec and c.) the
weight flow rate in N/sec

2.A 100mm diameter plunger is being pushed at 60mm/sec into a tank filled with oil
having sp. gr. of 0.82. If the fluid is incompressible, how many N/s of oil is
being forced out a 30mm diameter hole?

3.If the velocity flow in a 75mm diameter fire hose is 0.5m/s, what is the velocity
in a 25mm diameter jet issuing from a nozzle attached at the end of the pipe.
Compute also the power available in the jet.

4.Water is flowing in an open channel at a depth of 2m and a velocity of 3m/s. It

flows through down a chute into another channel where the depth is 1m and the
velocity is 10m/s. Neglecting friction , determine the difference in elevation of
the channel floors.

5.A pipe carrying oil of specific gravity of 0.877 changes in size from 150mm at
section 1 and 450mm at section 2. Section 1 is 3.6m below section 2 and the
pressure are 90kpa and 60kpa respectively. If the discharge is 150 li/sec.
Determine the head loss and the direction of the flow.

6.Gas is flowing through a square whose section gradually changes from

150mm(section 1) to 300mm (section 2). At the section 1, the velocity of the flow
is 7m/s and the density of the gas is 11kg/m3 while at section 2 the velocity of
flow is 2m/s.Calculate the mass flow rate and the density of the gas at section 2.

7.A liquid having sp. gr. of 2.0 is flowing in a 500mm diameter pipe. The total
head at a given point was found to be 17.5 Joule per Newton. The elevation of the
pipe above the datum is 3m and the pressure in the pipe is 65.6kpa. Compute the
velocity of flow and the horsepower in the stream at that point.

8.The pump shown draws from reservoir A at elevation 10m and lifts it to reservoir
B at elevation 60m. The loss of head from A to 1 is two times the velocity head in
the 200mm diameter pipe and the loss of head from 2 to B is ten times the velocity
head in the 150mm diameter pipe. Determine the rated horsepower of the jump and the
pressure heads at 1 and 2 in meters when the discharge is 0.03m3/sec.

9.Water enters a motor through a 600mm diameter pipe under a pressure of 14kpa. It
leaves through a 900mm diameter exhaust pipe with a pressure of 4kpa. A vertical
distance of 2.5m separates the center of the two pipes at the sections where the
pressure are measured. If 500 liters of water pass the motor each second, compute
the power supplied to the motor.
10.For the pipe shown in the figure ?1=?2=1.2m/s. Determine the total head lost
between 1 and 2.
11.Determine the velocity and discharge through the 150mm diameter pipe shown a.)
assuming no head loss and b.) considering head lost of 200mm
12.A horizontal pipe gradually reduces from 300mm diameter section to 100mm
diameter section. The pressure at the 300mm section is 100kpa and at the 100mm
section is 70kpa. If the flow rate is 15liters/sec of water, compute the head lost
between the two sections.
13.A diverging tube discharges water from a reservoir at a depth of 10m below the
water surface. The diameter of the tube gradually increases from 150mm at the
throat to 225mm at the outlet. Neglecting friction, determine a.) the maximum
possible rate of discharge through this tube and b.) the corresponding pressure at
the throat

1.