INDUSTRIAL TOWNSHIP

INTRO

Industrial city or industrial town refers to the kind of city in which the municipal economy and
development are concentrated around industrial production and characterized by a large amount
of factories or manufacturing/processing units.

INDUSTRIALIZATION IN INDIA

India began her quest for industrial development after independence in 1947. The Industrial Policy
Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Industrial Policy. The
resolution not only defined the broad contours of the policy; it delineated the role of the state in
industrial development both as an entrepreneur and as an authority.

In 1750, India produced nearly 25 % of the world's manufacturing output. Coal mining/ and spice
related industries was a profitable business during British colonial times. 19th century, textile industry.
1870, Bengal Iron Works. Tata Steel in 1907. 20th century, automobile industry

Need of townships/ industrial cities

Townships offer immense opportunities to create innovative economic and employment solutions not
as replacement for earlier social values but by inclusion and empowerment of all people including
the original landholders as well as all the stakeholders of industries and their allied
beneficiaries.proposed development plan must look beyond the financial numbers and their impact
on the GDP alone. creating state of the art infrastructure, accompanying cost advantage through
better logistics, greater employability and resultant productivity, also creating social inclusivity,
ecological responsibility, enhancing human dignity and provide avenues for skill enhancement of all
while creating a safe industrial environment. These townships must nurture the architecture of
democracy by creating a state of the art technological user grid along with creating innovative
solutions for such local issues that may be an overhang from the past and are considered as
problems.

Benefits of industrial town planning -

Raising Income:

Reduce Disparities in Export and Import Elasticity:

Meet High-Income Demands:

Absorbing Surplus Labor:

Strengthening the Economy:

Provide Security to countries economy:

TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL SETTELMENT PLANNING

Special economic zones /Industrial zones- these zones attract private developers as well as to
potential investors, thus allowing the government to rely on private sector developers to build the
requisite infrastructure. Therefore, the responsibility for the planning, development, and financing of
SEZs rests with private developers.

Industrial town - town is a populated area with less people than a city but more than a village.

Industrial township/cities - A township is a division of a county.Townships are generally much

larger than towns and usually contain many towns and villages within their geographical limits.

*Industrial corridore -Industrial Corridors recognize the inter-dependence of various sectors of

the economy and offer effective integration between industry and infrastructure leading to
overall economic and social development. Industrial corridors constitute world class
infrastructure such as high-speed transportation (rail, road) network, ports with state-of- the-art
cargo handling equipment, modern airports, special economic regions/ industrial areas, logistic
parks/transshipment hubs, knowledge parks focused on feeding industrial needs,
complementary infrastructure such as townships/ real estate, and other urban infrastructure
along with enabling policy framework.

Consist of connection of more than one industrial city (ex: DMIC, China belt and road initiavtive)

CATEGORIES OF INDUSTRIES

Industries with exclusive State Monopoly/Strategic industries: It included industries engaged in

the activity of atomic energy, railways and arms, and ammunition.

Industries with Government control: This category included industries of national importance. 18
such categories were mentioned in this category such as fertilizers, heavy machinery, defense
equipment, heavy chemicals, etc.

Industries with Mixed sector: This category included industries that were allowed to operate
independently in the private or public sector. The government was allowed to review the
situation to acquire any existing private undertaking.

Industry in the Private sector: Industries which were not mentioned in the above categories fall
into this category. High importance was granted to small businesses and small industries,
leading to the utilization of local resources and creating employment.
FACTORS AFFECTING LOCATION OF INDUSTRIAL SETTELMENT

Geographical Factors -

Raw material: Availability of natural resource that can be used as raw material.

Technology: To turn the resource into an asset with value.

Power: To utilize the technology.

Labour: Human resource in the area who can function as labor to run the processes.

Transport : Road/rail connectivity.

Storage and warehousing.

Marketing feasibility.

Characteristics of land and soil.

Climate.

Precipitation and water resources.

Vulnerability to natural resources.

Non-geographical Factors-

Capital investment.

Availability of loans.

Investment climate.

Government policies/regulations.

Influence of pressure groups.

Explanation:

 Raw materials are one of the important factors in an industrial location. The mere location
of industries itself may be determined by the availability or location of the raw materials.
 Power – conventional (coal, mineral oil or hydro-electricity) or on- conventional in nature
is a necessity for any industrial establishment.
 Availability of labor or skilled workforce is the success mantra for the growth of all
industries.
 Availability of easy transportation always influences the location of the industry. So the
junction points of waterways, roadways and railways become humming centers of
industrial activity.
  The finished goods should reach the market at the end of the process of manufacturing.
Thus nearness to the market is an add-on quality in the process of selecting a location for
industry.
 Availability of water is another factor that influences the industrial location. Many
industries are established near rivers, canals, and lakes, because of this reason. Iron and
steel industry, textile industries and chemical industries require large quantities of water,
for their proper functioning.
 The site that is selected for the establishment of an industry must be flat and well served
by adequate transport facilities.
 The climate of the area selected for the industry is important, very harsh climate are not
suitable for the successful industrial growth.

For non geographical

 Capital or huge investment is needed for the establishment of industries.

 Government policies are another factor that influences industrial location. The
government sets certain restriction in the allocation of land for industries in order to
reduce regional disparities, to control excessive pollution and to avoid the excessive
clustering of industries in big cities.
 Industrial inertia is the predisposition of industries or companies to avoid relocating
facilities even in the face of changing economic circumstances that would otherwise
induce them to leave. Often the costs associated with relocating fixed capital assets and
labor far outweigh the costs of adapting to the changing conditions of an existing location.
 Efficient and enterprising organization and management are essential for running modem
industry successfully.
 The location that has better banking facilities and Insurance are best suited for the
establishment of industries.

ISSUES RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL TOWN PLANNNING

Location Drawbacks

Population Growth and Concentration

Problems of Infrastructure

Problem of Floating Population

Pressure on Transport

POLICIES

FDI

Industrial loan policy - Mudra bank, CGFS, NSICS,

Planning policies – smart citiy, industrial corridor, railway fright corridor

Enhancing policies – Make in india, startup india,

GUIDELINES FOR INDUSTRIAL AREA DEVELOPMENT

http://mohua.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/URDPFI%20Guidelines%20Vol%20I(2).pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322083115_Guidelines_for_Physical_Infrastructure_in_Indu
strial_Area_Planning_A_Review_of_the_Indian_Context

Other Sources
https://dipp.gov.in/

http://iihs.co.in/knowledge-gateway/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/IIHS-RF_Manufacturing-
Cities_Final_Jun2015_Reduced-size.pdf

http://delhimumbaiindustrialcorridor.com/characteristics-of-industrial-corridor.html

https://www.slideshare.net/shaymaaalkubaissy/industrial-cities-50811429

https://www.slideshare.net/prabhakarsubramani/industrial-towns-in-india?from_action=save

https://dicdl.in/business/?q=policies

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_city

https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=109449

https://www.clearias.com/factors-responsible-for-the-location-of-primary-secondary-and-tertiary-
sector-industries-in-various-parts-of-the-world-including-india/

http://www.economicsdiscussion.net/essays/industrialization/essay-on-industrialization-in-india-
economics/29494

https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/604/9/09_chapter3.pdf

https://www.ijser.in/archives/v1i3/SjIwMTM2MQ==.pdf

https://www.lendingkart.com/blog/government-loan-schemes-for-small-businesses/
https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-studies/business-environment/indian-industrial-policies/