CE 153 - Geotechnical Engineering II (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Geotechnical Engineering II
Lateral Earth Pressure

Emmanuel B. Barbas
Why study lateral earth pressure?
The structures shown have to
withstand the lateral pressures
from earth the mass they support
on their faces.
The design and construction,
therefore, require a thorough
knowledge on these lateral earth
pressure.
ground surface Stress ratio:

𝜎′ℎ
=𝐾
𝜎′𝑜
The lateral earth pressure (𝜎ℎ ) generally
𝑧 is taken as a fraction of the vertical
Retaining wall
pressure (𝜎𝑣 )
𝜎′𝑜
𝜎′ℎ =𝐾𝜎′𝑜
𝜎′ℎ
Where K is a non-dimensional factor called
the lateral earth pressure coefficient
The lateral pressure (or K) depends on the
following soil states:
1. At-Rest State
2. Active State
3. Passive State
At-Rest Earth Pressure
If there is no relative movement

between the wall and the soil on its
immediate surface, the soil mass will
be in a state of static equilibrium
and the horizontal effective earth
pressure is referred to as the at-rest
(or static) earth pressure.
Where Ko = at-rest (or static) earth

pressure coefficient
Empirical formula for determining Ko
Jaky (1944) equation for coarse- Mayne and Kulhawy equation for
grained soils (loose sand) clay to gravel
good for loose sand

𝑂𝐶𝑅 = overconsolidation ratio
Sherif, Fang, and Sherif (1984) (1944)
equation for compacted sand
Massarsch (1979) equation for
NC fine-grained soils
𝛿𝑑 = actual compacted dry unit

weight of retained sand
𝛿𝑑(𝑚𝑖𝑛) = dry unit weight of retained
sand at its loosest state
Coefficients of earth pressure for at rest condition
Lateral earth pressure distribution for dry soil
(add notes)
Lateral earth pressure distribution for partially submerged soil
(add notes)
Active Earth Pressure
If the frictionless wall moves
sufficiently away from soil by rotating
about its bottom to a position of A’B, a
triangular soil mass ABC’ adjacent to
the wall will be in a state of plastic
equilibrium and will fail by sliding
down the plane BC’. The horizontal
effective stress, will be referred to as
active pressure.
Where Ka = active earth pressure

coefficient
Passive Earth Pressure
If the frictionless wall moves
sufficiently into the soil by rotating
about its bottom to a position of A’’B, a
triangular soil mass ABC’’ adjacent to
the wall will be in a state of plastic
equilibrium and will fail by sliding
down the plane BC’’. The horizontal
effective stress, will be referred to as
passive pressure.
Where Kp = passive earth pressure

coefficient
Lateral earth pressure variation with wall tilt
Away from soil Into the soil

Classical Earth Pressure Theories
1. Coulomb's earth pressure theory
o Coulomb made the first publication on lateral earth pressures in 1776
o His lateral earth pressure theories are more generalized (considers
wall friction, wall surface tilt, and backfill soil surface inclination),
however, more complex.
2. Rankine's earth pressure theory

o Rankine’s lateral earth pressure theories are more simplified
o Assumes frictionless wall
Rankine’s Active Earth Pressure Theory
Active state
At rest state
Rankine’s active earth pressure Rankine’s active earth pressure

coefficient (c’=0)
Lateral earth pressure variation with depth based on the equation

Rankine’s Passive Earth Pressure Theory
Passive state
At rest state
Rankine’s passive earth pressure Rankine’s passive earth

pressure coefficient (c’=0)
Lateral earth pressure variation with depth based on the equation

Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive
Earth Pressures for Granular Backfill (Chu 1991) Active Case
Active earth pressure
where
Active pressure inclination
Pressure coefficient
Active force
Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive Earth

Pressures for Granular Backfill
Location of active Force (Pa) and inclination of failure plane
Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and
Passive Earth Pressures for Granular Backfill
- A special case for vertical backface
Active Case
Active force
Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive
Earth Pressures for Granular Backfill (Chu 1991) Passive Case
Passive earth pressure
where
Passive pressure inclination
Passive force
Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive Earth

Pressures for Granular Backfill
Location of active Passive (Pp) and inclination of failure plane
Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and
Passive Earth Pressures for Granular Backfill
- A special case for vertical backface
Passive Case
Active force
Problem no 1.
Problem no 2.(3933.6, 5)
Problem no 3.(12.45,2.67)
Problem no 4. (2340,2.91)
Problem no 5. (5.74’, 3225lb/ft, 5233lb/ft, 3.09m)
Problem no 6. (10.02 kN/m)

CE 153 - Geotechnical Engineering II (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

CE 153 - Geotechnical Engineering II (Lateral Earth Pressure)

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Geotechnical Engineering II

Lateral Earth Pressure

ground surface Stress ratio:

If there is no relative movement

Where Ko = at-rest (or static) earth

good for loose sand

𝛿𝑑 = actual compacted dry unit

Where Ka = active earth pressure

Where Kp = passive earth pressure

Away from soil Into the soil

2. Rankine's earth pressure theory

Rankine’s active earth pressure Rankine’s active earth pressure

Lateral earth pressure variation with depth based on the equation

Rankine’s passive earth pressure Rankine’s passive earth

Lateral earth pressure variation with depth based on the equation

Active pressure inclination

Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive Earth

Passive pressure inclination

Generalized Case for Rankine’s Active and Passive Earth

S-ar putea să vă placă și