Rules of Sign

1. The deviation at any point is positive if the point lies above the tangent, negative if
the point is below the tangent.
2. Measured from left tangent, if θ is counterclockwise, the change of slope is positive,
negative if θ is clockwise.

Both of them are used to determine slope and deflection of beams .

Let's start with moment area method
Here the basic principle starts from direct Integration method .
The Direct integration technique use the famous deflection equation I.e EIK=M , where the
terms E is modulus of elasticity , I the second moment of area , K curvature which is the second
derivative of the deflection curve function and finally M is the moment.
So bY rearranging( K=(M/(EI)) and integrating once we get slope function , and upon
integration of the slope function we get the deflection curve.
But wait integrating once means area of some curve and twice it gives the moment of area of the
curve. So based on this moment area method have two theorems
Moment area theorems 1 states that the area between two points on the M/(EI) diagram gives
the change in slope between the two points.
And the second moment of area theorems states that the moment of the area between two points
is the tangential deviation between the two points.
So In order to use moment area method you need to draw moment diagram and divide it by EI
to arrive at M/EI diagram. Then you can determine slope And deflection at any point by using
some geometry and centroid principles.
The second method( conjugate beam method ) use the M / EI diagram as a load on the so called
conjugate beam.
Here their is a basic relationship between the real beam you are dealing with and the conjugate
beam you formulate. This relationship is that ' the deflection on the real beam is the moment on
the conjugate beam while the slope on the real beam is the shear on the conjugate beam'. and
the real beam and the conjugate beam should have the same length .
Based on this you mainly focus on supports to arrive at conjugate beam . For example a fixed
support doesn't experience both slope and deflection , so on the conjugate beam what kind of
support does not support shears and moment....well only a free end . So fixed support on the
real beam is free end on the conjugate beam.
By this way once you obtain your conjugate beam you can determine the shear and moment at
different location on the conjugate beam which are slope and deflection on the real beam (Enter
the matrix :) ).
So you can see the difference between them know , it is the existence of the conjugate beam and
the latter method changes geometry problem into mechanics problem . Other than that both of
them use the area and the moment of the M/EI diagram.

Problem 670
Determine the value of EIδ at the left end of the overhanging beam shown in Fig. P-670.

Solution 670
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ΣMR2=0ΣMR2=0
3R1=600+12(3)(900)(1)3R1=600+12(3)(900)(1)
R1=650 NR1=650 N

ΣMR2=0ΣMR2=0
3R2+600=12(3)(900)(2)3R2+600=12(3)(900)(2)
R2=700 NR2=700 N
EItC/B=(AreaBC)X¯CEItC/B=(AreaBC)X¯C
EItC/B=12(3)(1950)(1)−3(600)(32)−14(3)(1350)(35)EItC/B=12(3)(1950)(1)−3(600)(32)−14(3
)(1350)(35)
EItC/B=−382.5 N⋅m3EItC/B=−382.5 N⋅m3

EItA/B=(AreaAB)X¯AEItA/B=(AreaAB)X¯A
EItA/B=−1(600)(12)EItA/B=−1(600)(12)
EItA/B=−300 N⋅m3EItA/B=−300 N⋅m3

The negative signs above indicates only the location of elastic curve relative to the reference
tangent. It does not indicate magnitude. It shows that the elastic curve is below the reference
tangent at points A and C.

By ratio and proportion

δA−tA/B1=tC/B3δA−tA/B1=tC/B3
δA=13tC/B+tA/BδA=13tC/B+tA/B
EIδA=13EItC/B+EItA/BEIδA=13EItC/B+EItA/B
EIδA=13(382.5)+300EIδA=13(382.5)+300
EIδA=427.5 N⋅m3EIδA=427.5 N⋅m3 answer