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Design of Diaphragm

Summary of bending moments at various sections

Memb. No 16 45 182
Dead load -4.37 58.58 -108.14 43.83 8.16 9.6
SDL -1.22 -1.55 17.92 1.77 1.8 0.45
W/C -0.185 4.76 -8.64 3.4 0.7 0.87
VLL 6.15 51.76 37.58 37.58 20.644 43.14
Design Bending Moment 1.35475 162.9605 -80.547 123.88 45.637 79.8

Summary of Shear forces at various sections

Memb. No 16 45 182
Dead load -39.35 -39.35 -47.5 -47.5 -0.45 -0.45
SDL 0.2 0.2 5.05 5.05 0.42 0.42
W/C -3.09 -3.09 -3.76 -3.76 -0.05 -0.05
VLL -21.7 -66.23 36.18 -140.91 25.91 -63.5
Design Shear Force -90.81 -157.605 -9.6175 -275.2525 38.737 -95.378

Note:- Positive moment at node " i " is hogging moment.

From the STAAD analysis, the internal forces and moments in the Transverse
Girder are obtained and the same are tabulated above Proportioning of the dimensions
of the transverse girder and steel reinforcement are worked-out and presented below:

Design hogging moment = 62.9605 kNm

Design sagging moment = 80.547KNm
The cross girder is designed for the maximum bending moment and adopt
the same on both top and bottom
Maximum design bending moment = 162.9605 kNm
Overall depth of the diaphragm= 1.200m
Width of girder = 0.660m
Effective length of the diaphragm = 3.2m
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Effective depth= 1148mm

Ast x fy
Mu = 0.87 x fy x Ast x d [1- ]
fck x b x d

By rearranging and substituting the values we get

Area of steel required = (Ast req.) = 328.4111mm2

Min. area of steel (Astmin) = 0.85 x b x d / fy

= 1287.50mm2

Area of steel required = 1287mm2

Provide Y 16 dia bars 6.41 nos

However ,provide Y 16 dia bars 7 nos

Area of steel provided = 1406.72mm2

Cross girder shall be checked for lifting condition (During the replacement of
bearings):

It is assumed that during the lifting condition no live load is allowed on the
deck.
Support reaction on bearing under end longitudinal girder

Dead
load 459
SDL 13.2
W/C 29.5
FPLL 0
Ultimate design load = 688.4KN
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Effective depth (d') = 1200-40-12.5

= 1148mm
Nominal shear stress= 0.9089N/mm2
Ast= 1406.72 mm2

100Ast = 0.1857
bd

Design shear stress of concrete = 0.235N/mm2

Maximum shear stress= 2.5N/mm2

Therefore shear reinforcement shall be provided to carry a shear,

Vd= 510.443KN

For vertical stirrups,

Dia of stirrups= 12mm

Spacing of stirrups= 192.6657 mm

Therefore provide 2 legged 12 mm dia stirrups at 175 mm c/c.