Tourism Industry
 Tourism is generally regarded as the act of
travelling to a different location for either
business or pleasure purposes.
 The act of travelling to another environment
for at least 24 hours but for no longer than
one year, for purpose related to business or
leisure.
Hospitality Industry
 Kindness in welcoming visitors, guests or
strangers (dictionary)
 Relationship between guest and the host or
the practice or act of being hospitable.
 Involves the friendly and generous reception
and entertainment of visitors, guests,
strangers, membership clubs, resort,
conventions, special events, attractions and
other services for tourist and travellers.
The Pineapple
- Symbol of hospitality
- Warmth
- Welcome
- Graciousness
- Friendliness
Difference between Hospitality Management and
Tourism Management
 Tourism entails the movement of people to
places outside their usual environment
 Hospitality entails the comfort and well being
of guests at a variety of events and
establishments
Tourism Industry is concerned with people
travelling for business or pleasure purposes, staying in
their destination for at least one night and then
returning. By contrast, the travel industry has a wider
scope, covering more travel purposes and durations.
Sectors and Companies in Travel and Tourism
Industry
1. Transportation
- one of the most obvious
sectors that falls under both
the travel and tourism
umbrellas, and is concerned
with the movement of people
from one location to another.
Modes of Transportation
- land
- sea
- air
- trail
2. Travel Agency
- Plays a significant and crucial
role in the entire process of
developing and promoting
tourism in the country or at
least a destination.
- Process all the attractions,
accesses amenities and
ancillary services of a country
and presents them to tourists.
- As “image builder” of a
country
Online Travel Agency
- Typically perform a very similar role to
a more traditional travel agency,
albeit using the power of the internet.
- Purpose is still to connect tourists
with the travel products on behalf of
suppliers. There is more of an
emphasis on self-service methods.
Travel Agent
- Person who has full knowledge about
tourist products – destinations, mode
of travels, climate, accommodation,
and other areas of the service sector.
He acts on behalf of product
providers/principles and in return get
a commission.
Thomas Cook (1808-1892)
- The first travel agency of the world
was established by Thomas Cook in
1845 in England.
Three Sectors of Hospitality Industry
 Food and Beverages
- Reigns supreme
- Largest element of the hospitality
industry and companies of
establishments, primary engaged in
preparing meals, snacks, and
beverages for immediate
consumption on and off premises.
 Lodging
- Means accommodation for a certain
period at a place to stay
- Luxury
- Resorts
- Palace hostels
- Motels
- Hostels
- Condotels
- Hotels and gambling
establishments
- Convetion hotels
 Recreation and Entertainment
- Considered as a diverse business
- Any activity that people do for rest,
relaxation, and enjoyment falls under
recreation in hospitality industry. It
refreshes a person’s body and mind.
- Sports Arena
 - Zoos
- Theatre
- Museums
- Theme parks
The Tourism System
Tourism
- Comprises the activity of persons travelling to
and staying in places outside their unusual
environment for not more than one
consecutive year for leisure, business, and
other purposes. (United Nation World
Tourism Organization – UNWTO)
- Temporary movement of people to
destinations outside their normal places of
work and residence, the activities undertaken
during their stay in those destinations and the
facilities created to cater to their needs.
Two Elements in Tourism
 The journey to the destination
 The stay (including activities) at the
destination
The Origin & Development of Tourism
- Awareness of the past is necessary to
understand the present, because everything
in the present was determined by what has
already happened.
- Tourism has long been developed since the
Roman Empire and understanding the early
forms of tourism will help shape modern
tourism in various ways
EARLY BEGINNING PERIOD
- Reasons for travelling during this era can be
found from evidence such as:
 Greek Epic: ODYSSEUS
 Indian Epic: Ramayana
- From these 2 epics, we can say that the
reasons of travelling during this period are as
follows
 Participation in Politics
 Commerce and Trade (Business)
 War
 Adventure
- Travel flourished during the Roman Empire
era
- Excellent Roads were constructed for
encouraging trade and military activities
- Roman currency was widely accepted.
- Travelling grew continually until the fall of
Roman Empire in 500 A.D.
MIDDLE AGES (5th-14th Century) ‘DARK AGES’
- Rocks were not protected by the Roman
military anymore
- Travelling throughout the region became
difficult and dangerous
- This is the time where the earliest mass
tourism was born in Europe which is known as
Pilgrimage.
- The Pilgrimages were supported by a well-
developed infrastructure of accommodation,
eating places and even guide books.
Pilgrimage
- A journey or search of moral or spiritual
significance. Typically, it is a journey to a
shrine or other location of importance to a
person’s beliefs and faith, although
sometimes it can be a metaphorical journey
into someone’s beliefs.
The Crusaders (A.D. 1096-1295)
- Series of Holy Wars
- Launched by the Christian states of Europe
against the Saracens
- ‘Saracens’ was the word used to describe a
Moslem
- ‘Crusade’ given to the holy wars came from an
old French word ‘crois’ meaning taking the
cross
- The Crusaders were a great military
expeditions undertaken by the Christian
nations of Europe for the purpose of: recuing
the holy places of Palestine from the hands of
the Mohammedans.
- Moreover, the specific crusades to regain
control of the Holy Land which is Jerusalem
were fought over a period of nearly 200 years
between 1095 and 1291
- Christians also called Jerusalem as the ‘City of
God’
- Dome of the Rock – was built on the rock
where Muhammed was said to have sat and
prayed.
- Remains one of the world’s most beautiful
and enduring architectural treasures.
Travelling for Commerce and Trade with Asia Marco
Polo
- He was a trader and explorer from the
venetian republic
- His worldwide travel is recorded in his book
“The Million” or “The travels of Marco Polo”
- He was one of the first westerns to travel the
silk road to china and visit Kublai Khan
- He had been in china for 17 years before he
came back to Venice.
Marco Polo
- Considerable exposure of China’s culture to
the European continent resulted
- Kublai Khan made him governor for three
years of the large city of Yangzhou
- Kublai entrust Marco with his last duty, to
escort the Mongol princess Koekecin
- They travelled by sea, from Quanzhou and
sailing to Sumatra, and then to Persia, via Sri
Lanka and India
The Grand Tour Era Emerged in the reign of
Elizabeth I
- English aristocratic young men were
encouraged to travel to finish their education
- Took generally 3 years
- Education: Main reason for travelling
- it involved a long stay in France, especially in
Paris and a year for visiting Genoa, Milan,
Florence, Rome, and Venice in Italy
- After studies in Italy, they travelled to
Germany, Switzerland and low countries.
RENAISSANCE ERA
- French word meaning new birth
- Revival of learning and awakening of mind
and a thirst after the new knowledge
- History of medical tourism 14th to 17th century
- A village known as “Ville d’Eaux” or “Town of
Waters” became famous throughout Europe
in 1326 when iron-rich hot springs were
discovered within region.
- Peter the Great & Victor Hugo – visited these
wellness resorts.
- “SPA” – derived from Roman Term ‘salude per
aqua’ or health through waters.
New Forms of Tourism during the Period of
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- Industrial revolution was a fundamental
economic change which started in England
- England changed from mostly agricultural to
mostly industrial
- This was the result of technological progress
in different fields coming together
- Its center is the development of factories
- Only the upper class people were able to
travel by horses and carriages
Changes that Affected Tourism Development during
the INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
- An emergence of working class with income
- The desire to escape from the city to the
countryside
- The invention of steam transport (train &
ships) made travelling more convenient
- An increase in leisure time
Development of Package Tour
 Thomas Cook – world’s best known name in
travel, thanks to the inspiration and
dedication of a single man
- began his international travel
company in 1841, with a
successful one-day rail
excursion at a shilling a head
from Leicester to
Loughborough on 5 July.
Tourism in the 20th Century
- holidays with pay act
- regulated week’s holiday at seaside hotels and
boarding houses
- set meals and times
- development of holiday camps
- development of countryside holidays
Post World War II – The growth of Tourism Activities
 social changes affecting the growth of tourism
among industrialized
- war experienced widened perspective
- stimulated desire to travel
- increased leisure time and income
- Growth in car ownership
- Spread of five-day-week – the
weekend
- Growth in civil aviation
- Post war aircraft and air crew
available
- New boeing jets – much larger,
greater capacity
- Growth of chartered flights – cheap
packages
- Increased car ownership – cross
channel ferries
Tourism during 1980’s and 1990’s
 move towards more flexible holiday formats
 villas, timeshares, self-catering
 move away from mass package holidays
 move towards more tailor-made holidays
 specialized areas
 personalized packages
 technological improvements in aircrafts
 wider bodied, (jumbo jets) greater fuel
capacity, fewer stopovers
 long-haul destinations for mass package
holidays
 Eco-tourism – environmentally aware tourism
Post World War II – Further Growth in Tourism
Activity
 Mass Tourism in Europe
- International system of airline
regulation occur (visa for lesser
population)
- Agreement for fixed seat prices, and
airlines could not fill blocks of empty
seats on underused flights by
discounting
- The cheapness of the cost of living in
Spain increase the number of visitors
- Mass package tourism has been
exploitative
 Mass Tourism in Europe
- Began with the growth of air travel
- Charter flights were available and tour
operators began to use them for
European destinations, such as Paris
and Ostend
- Vladimir Raitz – pioneered modern
package tourism on May 20, 1950
- it was with cheap air travel in
combination with the package tour
that caused international mass
tourism developed

Tourism 2020 Vision

- a long term forecast and assessment of the
development of tourism up to the first 20
years of millennium
- 1995 is the base year and forecasts for 2010
and 2020
- The pace of growth till 2000 actually exceeded
the tourism 2020 vision forecast

Tourism in the Future

 More people tend to travel due to:
- Emerging new forms of
tourism
- Development of new
destinations
- Greater market segments
- Ability to travel has increased
- Mobility has increased
- Motivation for travelling has
increased
- Substantial media exposure