maytrix.xls © 2003, 2008, A.

Azzolino
Follow instructions on page. Many cells are self-computing.

Page Contents
● intro title & contents

● add subtract Add 1x3, 2x3, 2x2, 3x3, or up to 5x5 arrays us

● multiply Multiply a 1x3 times a 3x1, a 2x3 times a 3x1,

and conformable m by n times a n by

● multiply colored r,c Multiply a 1x3 by a 3x2, a 2x3 by a 3x2, and a

with color-coding to show the origin

● inverse Compute inverse of 2x2 or 3x3. Contains note

● inverse answer key Answer key to worksheet and notes on comp

● 3x3 inverse derivation UNDER CONSTRUCTION See subscripted sol

● row transfrom to find inverse User & Spread sheet jointly use row transform

● solve system by inverse Solve system by inverse, 2x2, 3x3

● matrix vs. cramers 3x3 Hot 3x3 solution of system by matrix and Cra

● solve system, Gauss-Jordan elim UNDER CONSTRUCTION Solve system, Gaus

 up to 5x5 arrays using matrix rules. Subtract up to 5x5.

, a 2x3 times a 3x1, a 2x2 times a 2x2, a 3x3 times a 3x3,

e m by n times a n by p

2x3 by a 3x2, and a 2x3 by a 3x3

g to show the origin of each factor.

r 3x3. Contains notes & worksheet.

and notes on computation of 3 by 3 inverse.

See subscripted solution to solving a 3x3

ly use row transformation to find inverse

m by matrix and Cramer's Rule

Solve system, Gauss-Jordan elimination

 Enter data in yellow elements. The result is in green.

2 0 0 0 0+ 1 0 0 0 0 is 3 0 0 0
5 -3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 -2 0 0
1 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 9 0 0 0 10
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 3

● Matrices must match in dimension!

● Add corresponding cells.
● The sum matrix is the sums corresponding cells.

3 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 is 2 0 0 0
4 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 examples
0
0 1x3 1x3
0 1 7 3+ 1 2 3 is 2 9 6
9
2 2x3 2x3 2x3
2 2 3+ 2 2 2 is 4 4 5
4 -1 0 1 1 1 5 0 1

2x2 2x2 2x2

5 3+ 1 0 is 6 3
0 2 0 0 1 2 1
0
0 3x3 3x3 3x3
0 3 0 0+ 1 0 0 is 4 0 0
0 4 1 0 0 1 0 4 2 0
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
 Multiply 2 Matrices. Enter data in upper righ
m by n n by p
3 1 2 0 0 * 1
3x1 4 1 2 0 0 3
1x3 3 1x1 0 1 2 0 0 0
1 2 3 * 2 is 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0

3x1 ● The COLUMN Dimensio

2x3 3 2x1 the ROW dimension
1 2 3 * 2 is 10 ● The product matrix dim
4 -1 0 1 10 (first factor ROW dimensio
● Think ROW times COLU
2x2 2x2 2x2 ● Think ADD the PRODUC
5 3 * 1 0 is 5 3 the matching COLU
2 0 0 1 2 0 ● The matrix product arra
● The cell location states
3x3 3x3 3x3 ● Therows of the first mus
3 0 0 * 1 0 0 is 3 0 0 columns of the seco
4 1 0 0 1 0 4 1 0 or the COUNTER wi
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 ● Each cell is the Sum(Ri
● If required column and
multiplication is not
Product of 2 Matrices
[A][B]

is =MMULT(array1,array2)
is =MMULT(,)

Think ROW times COLUMN.

Think ADD the PRODUCTS of the ROW and the matching COLUMN entry

The matrix product array is the array of sums of product.

The cell location states which column and row to use.
The rows of the first must match in dimension with the
columns of the second
or the COUNTER will not be the same.
Each cell is the Sum(Ri*Ci)

m by n n by p
3 1 3 0 0 * 1
4 2 4 0 0 0
0 5 1 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
ata in upper right element location.
n by p m by p
1 1 0 0 is 6 7 8 0 0
4 5 0 0 7 8 9 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 4 5 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

LUMN Dimension of the first factor must EQUAL

ROW dimension of the second factor.
duct matrix dimension is
or ROW dimension) by (second factor COLUMN dimension).
OW times COLUMN.
DD the PRODUCTS of the ROW and
matching COLUMN entry.
rix product array is the array of sums of product.
location states which column and row to use.
of the first must match in dimension with the
mns of the second
e COUNTER will not be the same.
ll is the Sum(Ri*Ci)
ed column and row dimensions do not match,
iplication is not defined.
COLUMN entry.

Cell name matches row & column.

1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5
3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5
4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5
5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5

n by p m by p
0 0 0 0 is 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Multiply 2 Matrices.
Enter data below ONLY! DO NOT, DO NOT, DO NOT enter data below
1x3 3x2 1x2
[ 1 2 3 ]*[ 1 0 ]= [ ( 1 )( 1 )+( 2 )( -2 )+( 3 )( 0 )
-2 3 ]
0 1 ]] =[ -3 9]

2x3 3x2 2x2

[[ 1 4 3 ] * [ 1 1 ] = [[ ( 1 )( 1 )+( 4 )( 4 )+( 3 )( 0 )
[ 2 5 2 ]] 4 3 ]
0 1 ]] [( 2 )( 1 )+( 5 )( 4 )+( 2 )( 0 )

= [[ 17 16 ]

[ 22 19 ]]

2x3 3x3 2x3

[[ 1 2 3 ] * [ 1 1 1 ] = [[ ( 1 )( 1 )+( 2 )( 4 )+( 3 )( 0 )
[ 2 5 2 ]] 4 0 0 ]
0 1 1 ]] [ ( 2 )( 1 )+( 5 )( 4 )+( 2 )( 0 )

= [[ 9 4 4]

[ 22 4 4 ]]

The color-coded cells indicate the source of each factor.

enter data below the red row!!!!!!!!!

( 1 )( 0 )+( 2 )( 3 )+( 3 )( 1 )]

( 1 )( 1 )+( 4 )( 3 )+( 3 )( 1 )]

( 2 )( 1 )+( 5 )( 3 )+( 2 )( 1 )]]

( 1 )( 1 )+( 2 )( 0 )+( 3 )( 1 )] ( 1 )( 1 )+( 2 )( 0 )+( 3 )(

( 2 )( 1 )+( 5 )( 0 )+( 2 )( 1 )]] ( 2 )( 1 )+( 5 )( 0 )+( 2 )(

of each factor.
1 ) ]

1 ) ]]
Name _________________________________________
mathnstuff.com/math/algebra/qb/mayhs2/a2© 2007, A. Azzolino

Your task is to find the inverse of [A].

Your task is to find the matrix that multiplied by [A] yields the identity matrix.

First: Multiply the [A] matrix by its inverse matrix [I] listing the 2x2 product matrix.

1 0
=
0 1

Second: Set each of the cells of the prouct matrix equal to its corresponding cell
of the identity matrix

=1 =0

=0 =1

Third: Consider each column a system of 2 equations.

Solve the system using the values A, B, C Show work on back of sheet.

[I] =

Fourth: Restate in inverse in terms of |A|, the determinant of [A].

[I] =

Fifth: Note: If |A| = 0, then [A] has no inverse.

If A is [[A B][C D]], then the inverse of [A] is 1/|A|([[D -B][-C A]].
 Cells are color coded fo

This page is not hot.

First: Multiply the [A] matrix by its inverse matrix [I] listing the 2x2 product matrix.

AI11+BI21 AI12+BI22 1 0
=
CI11+DI21 CI11+DI22 0 1

Second: Set each of the cells of the prouct matrix equal to its corresponding cell
of the identity matrix

AI11+BI21 =1 AI12+BI22 =0

CI11+DI21 =0 CI12+DI22 =1

Third: Consider each column a system of 2 equations.

Solve the system using the values A, B, C, and D. Show work on back of sheet. x=

D/(AD-BC) -B/(AD-BC)
[I] =
-C/(AD-BC) A/(AD-BC)

Fourth: Restate in inverse in terms of |A|, the determinant of [A].

D/|A| - B/|A|
[I] = y=
-C/|A| A/|A|

Fifth: Note: If |A| = 0, then [A] has no inverse.

If A is [[A B][C D]], then the inverse of [A] is 1/|A|([[D -B][-C A]].
 A B
A= C D

= 1 D -B

|A| -C A
Cells are color coded for identification.

This page is not hot.

AI11+ BI21 = 1 AI12+ BI22 = 0

CI11+ DI21 = 0 CI12+ DI22 = 1

1B 0B
0D = 1D-0B x= 1D = 0D-1B

A B AD-BC A B AD-CB
C D C D

A 1 A 0
C 0 = 0A-1C y= C 1 = 1A-0C

A B AD-BC A B AD-CB
C D C D
3 by 3 inverse

Find matrix I, the inverse of matrix A.

a11 a12 a13 i11

a21 a22 a23 i21

a31 a32 a33 i31

Complete the multiplication.

a11i11+a12i21+a13i31 a11i21+a12i22+a13i32 a11i13+a12i23

a21i11+a22i21+a23i31 a21i12+a22i22+a23i32 a21i13Ia22i23+

a31i11+a32i21+a33i31 a31i12+a32i22+a33i32 a31i13+a32i23

State the systems of equations to be solved.

a11i11+a12i21+a13i31 =1 a11i12+a12i22

a21i11+a22i21+a23i31 =0 a21i12+a22i22

a31i11+a32i21+a33i31 =0 a31i12+a32i22

Restate the systems so varialbles are clear.

This system has variables i11, i21, and i31. To solve for i1

a11i11+a12i21+a13i31 =1 a11

a21i11+a22i21+a23i31 =0 a21

a31i11+a32i21+a33i31 =0 a31
This system has variables i12, i22, i32. To solve for i1

a11i12+a12i22+a13i32 =0 a11

a21i12+a22i22+a23i32 =1 a21

a31i12+a32i22+a33i32 =0 a31

This system has variables i13, i23, and i33. To solve for i1

a11i13+a12i23+a13i33 =0 a11

a21i13Ia22i23+a23i33 =0 a21

a31i13+a32i23+a33i33 =1 a31
 i12 i13 1 0 0
=
i22 i23 0 1 0

i32 i33 0 0 1

a11i13+a12i23+a13i33 1 0 0
=
a21i13Ia22i23+a23i33 0 1 0

a31i13+a32i23+a33i33 0 0 1

a11i12+a12i22+a13i32 =0 a11i13+a12i23+a13i33

a21i12+a22i22+a23i32 =1 a21i13Ia22i23+a23i33

a31i12+a32i22+a33i32 =0 a31i13+a32i23+a33i33

To solve for i11, i21, and i31, use this system. Use Cramer's rule to so

a12 a13 1 i11 =

a22 a23 0 i21 =

a32 a33 0 i31 =

 D =

To solve for i12, i22, and i32, use this system. Use Cramer's Rule to s

a12 a13 0 i12 =

a22 a23 1 i22 =

a32 a33 0 i32 =

D =

To solve for i13, i23, and i33, use this system. Use Cramer"s Rule to s

a12 a13 0 i13 =

a22 a23 0 i23 =

a32 a33 1 i33 =

D =
3+a12i23+a13i33 =0

3Ia22i23+a23i33 =0

3+a32i23+a33i33 =1

Cramer's rule to sollve for i11, i21, and i31.

Cramer's Rule to solve for i12, i22, and i32.

Cramer"s Rule to solve for i13, i23, and i33.

 Compute the Inverse of a Matrix by row manipulation.

1.Original matrix. 2.Identity matrix

2 9 1 0 0
1 5 0 1 0
0 0 1

4.Compete computatio
k1 rowA (k1)(rowA)
4 * 0 -1 1 -2 0 0 0 -4 4
plus
k2 rowB (k2)(rowB)
1 * 1 4 1 -1 0 0 1 4 1
(k1)(rowA)+(k2)(rowB)
1 0 5
3.Record desired transformations before beginning step 4.
5.Record the results here & recopy below.
Row1 2 1 1 0
Row2 -1 2 0 1 R2+R1-->R1
Row3

Row1 2 9 1 0
Row2 1 5 0 1 R1-R2-->R1
Row3

Row1 1 4 1 -1
Row2 1 5 0 1 R1-R2-->R2
Row3

Row1 1 4 1 -1
Row2 0 -1 1 -2 4R2+R1-->R1
Row3
Row1 1 0 5 -9
Row2 0 -1 1 -2 0R2-R1-->R2
Row3

Row1 1 0 5 -9
Row2 0 1 -1 2
Row3
row manipulation. 6.Verify by formula. Choose a 2x2 o
2 9
[A] = 1 5

det([A]) = |A| = 1

inv([A]) = 5 -9
ompete computation. -1 2

-8 0 0

-1 0 0
(rowA)+(k2)(rowB)
-9 0 0
ning step 4.

1.Original matrix.
Begin with a 2x2 or 3x3 matrix (entered in upper right corner at 1.).
2.Identity matrix
An appropriate identity matrix is provided in green (at 2.).
3.Record desired transformations before beginning step 4.
Attack each element, usually starting with any that happen to be 1 o
The goal is to change the element to the desired Identity eleme
The user must decide what row operation to perform.
The user may need to add additional arrays for manipulation.
4.Compete computation.
The spread sheet will complete the desired computation.
The user must recopy the edited array and repeat the process as ne
5.Record the results here & recopy below.
Note that the row operation notation is part of the answer. Save it.
6.Verify by formula. (Optional.)
 The yellow cells are self-computing and state the spread sheet-com
The goal is to find the inverse of a matrix by
row manipulation and verify it by spread shee
 Choose a 2x2 or a 3x3.
4 1 2
2 -1 2
[A] = 0 1 2

det([A]) = |A| = -16

inv([A]) = 0.25 0 -0.25

0.25 -0.5 0.25
-0.125 0.25 0.375

ight corner at 1.).

n (at 2.).

at happen to be 1 or change the lowest leftmost entry to 1.

ired Identity element.

anipulation.

utation.
t the process as needed.

e answer. Save it.

spread sheet-computed identity matrix.
rix by
y spread sheet.
 Solve the System with Matrices

In algebra I, to solve Ax = B, divide both sides by A to get

x= B/A
In algebra II, to solve [A][X]=[B], multiply both sides by the inverse of [A]
[X]=inv([A])([B])
2 9 8
1 5 4
[A] * [X] = [B]

[[ 2 9 ] * [[ x11 ] = [[ 8]
[ 1 5 ]] [ x21 ]] [ 4 ]]

[X] = inv([A]) * [B]

5 -9 8
[X] = -1 2 * 4

4
[X] = 0

det([A]) = |A| = 1

inv([A]) = 5 -9
-1 2

D/(AD-BC) -B/(AD-BC)
[I] =
-C/(AD-BC) A/(AD-BC)
 Solve the System with Matrices

In algebra I, to solve Ax = B, divide both sides by A to get

x= B/A
e inverse of [A] In algebra II, to solve [A][X]=[B], multiply both sides by the in
[X]=inv([A])([B])
[[ -1 1 2] 8
[ 2 -1 2] 4
[ 0 1 2 ]] 2
[A] * [X] = [B]

[[ -1 0 1 ] * [[ x11 ] = [[ 8]
[ -1 -0.5 2 ]] [ x21 ]] [ 4 ]]
1 0.25 0 2

[X] = inv([A]) * [B]

-1 0 1 8
[X] = -1 -0.5 1.5 * 4
0.5 0.25 -0.25 2

-6
[X] = -7
4.5

det([A]) = |A| = 4

inv([A]) = [[ -1 0 1]
[ -1 -0.5 2 ]
[ 0.5 0.25 0 ]]
es by A to get

th sides by the inverse of [A]

 Solve the System with Matrices

In algebra I, to solve Ax = B, divide both sides by A to get

x= B/A
In algebra II, to solve [A][X]=[B], multiply both sides by the inverse of [A]
[X]=inv([A])([B])
[[ -1 1 2] 8
[ 2 -1 2] 4
[ 0 1 2 ]] 2
[A] * [X] = [B]

[[ -1 0 1 ] * [[ x11 ] = [[ 8]
[ -1 -0.5 1.5 ] [ x21 ]] [ 4 ]]
0.5 0.25 -0.25 ]] [ x31 ]] [ 2

[X] = inv([A]) * [B]

-1 0 1 8
[X] = -1 -0.5 1.5 * 4
0.5 0.25 -0.25 2

-6
[X] = -7
4.5

det([A]) = |A| = 4

inv([A]) = [[ -1 0 1]
[ -1 -0.5 1.5 ]
[ 0.5 0.25 -0.25 ]]
"Scrap work" to inv[A]
 Solve system by Cramer's Rule

Hot cells. Enter system here.

-1 1 2
2 -1 2
he inverse of [A] 0 1 2

x is -6 y is -7 z is

8 1 2
4 -1 2
x= 2 1 2 =

-1 1 2
2 -1 2
0 1 2

-1 8 2
2 4 2
y= 0 2 2 =

-1 1 2
2 -1 2
0 1 2

-1 1 8
2 -1 4
z= 0 1 2 =
-1 1 2
2 -1 2
0 1 2
 8
4
2

4.5

determinant solution
-24 = -6

-28 = -7

18 = 4.5
4
Solve a System by Gauss-Jordan Elimination.

2.Compete computati
1.Record original coefficient & constant matrix. diagonal and 0s elsew
2 9 1 k1 rowA
1 5 0 4 * 0 -1 1 -2 0 = 0
plus
k2 rowB (k2)(rowB)
1 * 1 4 1 -1 0 = 1
Row1 (k1)(rowA)+(k2)
Row2 = 1
Row3
Row4

Row1
Row2
Row3
Row4

Row1
Row2
Row3
Row4

Row1
Row2
Row3
Row4

Row1
Row2
Row3
Row4
.Compete computation to place 1s on the major
iagonal and 0s elsewhere in the coefficient array.
(k1)(rowA) 2 9 1
-4 4 -8 0 1 5 0
plus 0
(k2)(rowB) 0
4 1 -1 0 3.Read solution.
(k1)(rowA)+(k2)(rowB)
0 5 -9 0