Unit 10.

ECOTOURISM

LANGUAGE FOCUS
Phonetics
Stress in words of more than three syllables:
Activity, 'ecotourism, electricity, environ'mental ...
Grammar
Conditional sentences types 1 and 2
You may cause a fire if you make a campfire and then leave it unattended.
These tourists wouldn't come back unless they were treated in a friendly way.
Vocabulary
Words and phrases related to the importance, benefits and principles and of ecotourism
sustainable, mass tourism ...
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. nature B. natural C. snake D. cave
2. A. impact B. travel C. animal D. flora
3. A. environmental B. waste C. entertain D. educate
4. A. government B. protection C. consumption D. violent
5. A. Aquarius B. Taurus C. Pisces D. Sagittarius
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. ecotourism B. deforestation C. contamination D. qualification
2. A. inorganic B. superstitious C. recognition D. sustainable
3. A. ecology B. equality C. majority D. ceremony
4. A. environment B. contribution C. establishment D. diversity
5. A. contaminate B. oxygenate C. eliminate D. discriminate
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following sentences.
1. Wherever people go, we leave behind garbages - and even if it is left in bins, it can still create a dangerous
A B C
imbalance.
D
2. As an eco-tourist, you decide to travel in a way that show respect to nature and does not contribute to its
A B C D
degradation.
3. When you meet people as you travel sustainably, mutual understanding allows all parties involved learn about
A B C D
one another.
4. Ecotourism gives us a complete different view of the world and challenges us to open our minds to different
A B C
ways of thinking.
D
5. In the tourism business, natural resources are intensively used and consumed, and tourism has major impacts
A B C
to environment, ecosystem, economy, societies and culture.
D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. If it's real ecotourism, much of the money you're paying will go to ____.
A. conserve B. conserves C. conserving D. conservation
2. If you've decided to travel, you can still do a lot to reduce your impact and at least in some respects even ____
a positive difference.
A. do B. make C. take D. tell
3. Ecotourism is a complex concept ____ in importance more and more each year.
A. grows B. grow C. growing D. grew
4. If you care about protecting nature and having a positive impact, you should make sure that your travels ____
sustainably.
A. do B. are done C. make D. are made
5. Ecotourism is a form of sustainable travel that supports the local environment instead of putting more
pressure ____ it and exploiting its resources.
A. to B. for C. on D. at
6. It can be hard to accept, but everything we do ____ an impact on wildlife – we should be conscious of this.
A. have B. has C. has had D. had had
7. Because a state of respect and awareness is awakened in ____ tourist, the quality of his travels is also
increased significantly.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
8. Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors of tourism, ____ growths of 10-15% annually worldwide.
A. report B. reports C. reported D. reporting
9. If the trip involves walking through the jungle, ____ that walk help nature and locals in any way?
A. do B. does C. could D. would
10. Ecotourism is now defined as "responsible travel to natural areas that ____ the environment, sustains the
well-being of the local people, and involves interpretation and education."
A. conserve B. conserves C. conserving D. conserved
11. The more that we know about a place, our love and admiration grows and inspires us ____ it.
A. to protect B. protect C. protecting D. protected
12. Unfortunately, many of the travel experiences we take part in ____ into consideration how it affects our
planet and the well-being of people.
A. does not take B. do not take C. is not taken D. are not taken
13. ____, the more we allow for destructive habits that negatively impact the environment.
A. The less sustainable we travel B. The less we travel sustainable
C. The less sustainably we travel D. The less we travel sustainably
14. With so many advancements ____ technology, you can easily plan your own trips to various destinations in a
short amount of time if a travel consultant isn't a desirable option.
A. of B. to C. on D. in
15. As you travel, ____ about others and teach them about your ways of life, you also learn more about yourself
than you could imagine.
A. not only you do learn B. do you learn not only
C. not only do you learn D. do you not only learn
16. Many places have ____ outdoor performances where you can dance and mingle with locals who enjoy
sharing stories and meeting tourists.
A. live B. living C. lived D. lively
17. If you want to feel like you've traveled back in time, you can tap into the feeling, the food, and the
atmosphere of past places based on ____ you decide to visit.
A. that B. what C. which D. where
18. Tourism is changing rapidly as nature, heritage, and recreational destinations become more important, and as
conventional tourism is forced to ____ tougher environmental requirements.
A. meet B. impose C. lay D. set
19. By increasing local capacity building and employment opportunities, ecotourism is ____ effective vehicle
for empowering local communities around the world to fight against poverty and to achieve sustainable
development.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
20. With an emphasis ____ enriching personal experiences and environmental awareness through interpretation,
ecotourism promotes greater understanding and appreciation for nature, local society, and culture.
A. to B. in C. on D. at
21. Infrastructure ____ to maintain attractive tourism destinations inevitably involves energy and resource
consumption, putting added pressure on the local ecosystems.
A. require B. requires C. requiring D. required
22. Many observers feel that hunting is not ecotourism, but it ____ if it met the sustainability criterion.
A. will be B. would be C. can be D. must
23. If the local people ____ the necessary skills to participate in the eco-tourism industry or interact with foreign
tourists, the government may provide job training and education.
A. lack B. lack in C. lack of D. lack for
24. "Would you like to work in tourism?" – “____”
A. I'm afraid I can't do a lot of travel. B. The sooner, the better.
C. Not many people think about this that way. D. I'd rather you didn't think so.
25. "What are the major tourist attractions in your city?" – “____”
A. Half of the city has been rebuilt.
B. The more you know about my city, the more you like it.
C. We have a lot of historical buildings and ruins.
D. You should go on a city tour by bus.
26. Fully aware of its significance, the government of Vietnam ____ ecotourism in its strategy for tourism
development to ensure both sustainability and economic benefits.
A. prioritizes B. prioritize C. have prioritized D. has prioritized
27. Though ecotourism in Vietnam is at a beginning stage of development, it ____ to grow strongly through
support from government and international organizations.
A. expects B. is expected C. has expected D. is expecting
28. In recent years, the government of Vietnam has invested ____ improving infrastructure and investigating the
floral, faunal, geological, and geomorphological characteristics of national parks.
A. to B. in C. on D. for
29. The Ecotourism and Sustainable Tourism Conference (ESTC), organized by The International Ecotourism
Society (TIES), is ____ unique annual conference focused on the advancement of sustainability goals for the
tourism industry.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
30. Ecotourism is ____ by its emphasis on conservation, education, traveler responsibility and active community
participation.
A. distinguished B. distinctive C. distinguishing D. distinction
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following sentences.
1. Some people consider the terms 'ecotourism' and 'sustainable tourism' to be an oxymoron - you can't travel in
a way that helps the environment.
A. a pair of words similar in meaning B. a pair of words opposite in meaning
C. a pair of words closest in meaning D. a pair of words describing the same thing
2. Whether you call it ecotourism, green travel, responsible travel, nature travel or ethical travel, the ethos of
traveling more sustainably has become an increasingly hot topic in the tourism industry over the past decade.
A. habit B. practice C. act D. tendency
3. If we all take simple strides towards being more conscious of our impact on the planet, collectively we can
make a world of difference.
A. together B. altogether C. mutually D. completely
4. Ecotourism is highly suited to tourism development in unspoilt locations as it can create jobs and income
without destroying or degrading the natural or cultural assets that the visitor has come to see.
A. unexplored B. untouched C. unreachable D. inaccessible
5. Like no other industry, ecotourism gives natural unspoilt areas an economic value, but this goes hand in hand
with actively creating benefits for nature conservation and focusing on reducing environmental impacts.
A. stay together B. closely connected C. largely dependent D. share the same goal
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following
sentences.
1. Some people mistake any form of nature travel as ecotourism.
A. Any form of nature travel is sometimes mistaken as ecotourism.
B. Ecotourism can be sometimes mistaken for any form of nature travel.
C. Ecotourism can be sometimes mistaken as any form of nature travel.
D. Ecotourism is, to some people, mistaken as any form of nature travel.
2. If those areas are damaged or destroyed, they will not be available to future generations.
A. Unless those areas are not damaged or destroyed, they will be available to future generations.
B. Because those areas are damaged or destroyed, they will not be available to future generations.
C. To keep them available to future generations, those areas must not be damaged or destroyed.
D. If damaged or destroyed, those areas will not be available to future generations any longer.
3. Ecotourism can support conservation and environmental management if properly carried out.
A. As ecotourism is properly carried out, it can support conservation and environmental management.
B. In order for ecotourism to support conservation and environment management, it is properly carried
out.
C. Only when properly carried out can ecotourism support conservation and environmental management.
D. Supporting conservation and environmental management, ecotourism is properly carried out.
4. If you weren't so negative, you would be able to see all the advantages of global warming.
A. If you were an optimist, you would be able to the all the advantages of global warming.
B. Global warming has a lot of advantages if you see it from a positive viewpoint.
C. Seeing global warming from a negative viewpoint, you would see its advantages.
D. If you wear a negative attitude towards global warming, you will see all of its advantages.
5. If we did not use alternative sources of energy more, we would destroy the planet.
A. Using alternative sources of energy more will mean saving the planet.
B. The planet would be destroyed if we stopped using alternative sources of energy.
C. If no more alternative sources of energy are used, the planet will be destroyed.
D. Not using alternative sources of energy more will destroy the planet.
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. The world absolutely needs more ecotourism. It teaches travelers to be more responsible to the pristine areas
of the world.
A. The world absolutely needs more ecotourism which teaches travelers to be more responsible to the
pristine areas of the world.
B. The world absolutely needs more ecotourism as it teaches travelers to be more responsible to the
pristine areas of the world.
 C. The world absolutely needs more ecotourism so that it teaches travelers to be more responsible to the
pristine areas of the world.
D. The world absolutely needs more ecotourism if it teaches travelers to be more responsible to the
pristine areas of the world.
2. If you must, travel by plane. If you can avoid it, try a train instead.
A. Whenever you can travel by train instead of plane.
B. Traveling by train is much better than traveling by plane.
C. You can never avoid travelling, so take the train or the plane.
D. Instead of travelling by plane, you can travel by train.
3. Tourism allows us to do more than just learn facts about various locations. It allows us to immerse ourselves
into the cultures and lifestyles of others.
A. Because tourism allows us to do more than just learn facts about various locations, it allows us to
immerse ourselves into the cultures and lifestyles of others.
B. If tourism allows us to do more than just learn facts about various locations, it will allow us to
immerse ourselves into the cultures and lifestyles of others.
C. Not only does tourism allow us to do more than just learn facts about various locations, it also allows
us to immerse ourselves into the cultures and lifestyles of others.
D. When tourism allows us to do more than just learn facts about various locations, it allows us to
immerse ourselves into the cultures and lifestyles of others.
4. Ecotourism educates visitors about environmental responsibility. Ecotourism can help raise awareness about
political and social issues.
A. Ecotourism educates visitors about environmental responsibility, which can help raise awareness
about political and social issues.
B. Ecotourism not only educates visitors about environmental responsibility, but it also can help raise
awareness about political and social issues.
C. Ecotourism educates visitors about environmental responsibility by helping raise awareness about
political and social issues.
D. Ecotourism educates visitors about environmental responsibility, hence helping raise awareness about
political and social issues.
5. Poaching is a big issue in Africa. Endangered animals are often killed for a single body part that is sold
illegally on the black market.
A. Poaching is a big issue in Africa where endangered animals are often killed for a single body part that
is sold illegally on the black market.
B. Poaching is a big issue in Africa as endangered animals are often killed for a single body part that is
sold illegally on the black market.
C. Poaching is a big issue in Africa, so endangered animals are often killed for a single body part that is
sold illegally on the black market.
D. Poaching is a big issue in Africa when endangered animals are often killed for a single body part that
is sold illegally on the black market.
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
The Greenbox emerged as Ireland's first and most (1) ____ integrated ecotourism destination with a set
of standards based on sound environmental practices highlighting all (2) ____ the region and its people had to
offer.
The Greenbox aimed (3) ____ environmentally sustainable tourism products, accommodation and
attractions. Such tourism activity would have minimal impact (4) ____ the ecology of the area, be of maximum
benefit to the local communities and (5) ____ the needs of the environmentally conscious visitor. The Greenbox
encompassed an area (6) ____ all of Leitrim and Fermanagh and parts of Donegal, Sligo and Cavan.
 The Greenbox promoted travel (7) ____ is small scale, low impact, culturally sensitive and community
orientated, and provided a marketing tool (8) ____ businesses that were grounded in sustainable principles and
(9) ____ within the Greenbox area. The concept was broader than (10) ____ established definition of tourism,
embracing activities such as organic food production, rural transport, energy and waste management.
1. A. succeeded B. success C. successful D. successfully
2. A. what B. that C. how D. whose
3. A. at delivery B. to deliver C. for deliveries D. by delivering
4. A. on B. at C. in D. to
5. A. provide B. feel C. support D. meet
6. A. cover B. covers C. covering D. covered
7. A. what B. which C. it D. how
8. A. with B. to C. in D. for
9. A. practice B. practices C. practical D. practically
10. A. a B. an C. the D. that
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
The biggest difference between an eco-lodge and a green hotel is the setting in which you'll find them.
Eco lodges tend to be more remote, located in relatively pristine natural environments such as beaches, jungles
and mountains. Green hotels, on the other hand, are more often associated with cities and towns.
Eco lodges and green hotels both emphasize elements such as environmental responsibility and
minimizing negative impact. The best ones offer renewable energy sources, recycling services, eco-friendly
toiletries, energy efficient lighting, locally sourced food, organic linens and towels, non-toxic cleaning supplies,
non-disposable dishes, water conservation methods and various other sustainability-focused initiatives.
But eco lodges tend to be more dependent on the natural environment than green hotels. They are also
generally more active in nature and wildlife conservation, more focused on educating visitors about the flora
and fauna of local ecosystems, and more deeply connected with the area's indigenous culture (whose influence
is often incorporated into the lodge's decor and restaurant menu).
The best eco lodges also work to ensure positive relationships with the local people. They train and
employ them at fair wages, take part in community development initiatives, offer activities that help visitors
conserve and appreciate local customs, and contribute to the local economy. In this way, they reinforce the
notion of ecotourism as a more sustainable long-term business model than altering or destroying habitats for
quick financial gains.
1. The passage mainly discusses ____.
A. what eco lodges do to the environment
B. what eco lodges are and how they work
C. how eco lodges are similar to green hotels
D. how eco lodge are better than green hotels
2. The word "ones" in the passage refers to ____.
A. eco lodges B. green hotels
C. elements D. eco lodges and green hotels
3. The word "initiatives" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. acts B. plans C. actions D. operations
4. According to the passage, all of the following are true about eco lodges EXCEPT that ____.
A. they are situated in small towns and cities
B. they create job opportunities for local people
C. they are closely connected with the local culture
D. they educate tourists about the local ecosystem
5. The word "they" in the passage refers to ____.
 A. local customs B. visitors C. activities D. eco lodges
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
One of the biggest issues that eco lodges and green hotels face is the lack of a universal definition. How
eco-friendly does a lodge or boutique hotel need to be to qualify? And who determines which accommodations
will pass muster?
Unfortunately, some of the world's most well-known and respected "green" certification programs are
cost-prohibitive for many eco lodges, which are often relatively small and owned and operated by independent
entrepreneurs rather than corporations.
But there are numerous reputable certification programs that responsible travelers can look for before
they book an eco lodge or hotel stay. Many - including Green Seal in the U.S. - are part of the Global
Ecolabelling Network, a non-profit group comprised of 25 third - party organizations throughout the world.
They are all devoted to improving, promoting and developing labelling systems for eco-friendly products and
services.
Arctic Tundra Lodge in Churchill, Manitoba Sponsored in part by the United Nations World Tourism
Organization, the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) Criteria are widely considered the gold standard
in “green” certification. These criteria involve effective sustainability planning, maximizing social and
economic benefits for the local community, enhancing cultural heritage, and reducing negative impacts on the
environment.
Where the GSTC has guidelines for destinations, hotels and tour operators, Green Key Global is
designed specifically for the lodging industry. Its flagship Eco-Rating Program, which evaluates properties on
an environmental, social and economic level, has certified around 2,370 green hotels and eco lodges in 52
countries over the past 15 years.
Green Globe is another popular certification program, offering training and education for hotels/resorts,
attractions, organizations, cruise ships, and various tourism industry suppliers. Their global network of
independent auditors provides third-party inspection and an internationally recognized seal of approval that's
become increasingly popular over the past 25 years.
1. The passage mainly discusses ____.
A. how eco lodges are universally green certified
B. that eco lodges must be globally green certified
C. why eco lodges are not universally certified
D. how to certify eco lodges around the world
2. The phrase "pass muster" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. being satisfactory B. meeting the needs C. reaching the limit D. being compulsory
3. The word "cost-prohibitive" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. cheap B. expensive C. bargain D. sale
4. The word "They" in the passage refers to ____.
A. organizations B. travelers C. programs D. corporations
5. The word “Criteria” in the passage mostly means ____.
A. set of rules B. set of tools C. sets of regulations D. set of standards
6. Which of the following belongs to the United Nations as stated in the passage?
A. Global Ecolabelling Network B. World Tourism Organization
C. Green Globe D. Green Key Global
7. Which of the following provides official training and education as stated in the passage?
A. Global Ecolabelling Network B. World Tourism Organization
C. Green Globe D. Green Key Global
8. Which of the following is concerned about eco-friendly services as stated in the passage?
A. Global Ecolabelling Network B. World Tourism Organization
 C. Green Globe D. Eco-Rating Program
9. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.
A. a hotel/resort can obtain more than one'green' certification
B. no hotel/resort can operate without a'green' certification
C. hotels/resorts with 'green' certification charge travelers high price
D. the best hotels/resorts are those with 'green' certification
10. The best title for the passage could be ____.
A. What is an eco-lodge? B. How to find a responsibly managed eco lodge
C. The greatest eco lodges around the world D. What makes eco lodges green?