A phrase is a small group of words that forms a meaningful unit within

a clause. There are several different types, as follows:

Phrases

Noun phrase Adjectival phrase Adverbial phrase

Noun phrase
A noun phrase is built around a single noun, for example:
A vase of roses stood on the table.
She was reading a book about the emancipation of women.

Adjective phrase
An adjective phrase is built around an adjective, for example:
He’s led a very interesting life.
A lot of the kids are really keen on football.

Adverbial phrase
An adverbial phrase is built round an adverb by adding words before and/or
after it, for example:
The economy recovered very slowly.
They wanted to leave the country as fast as possible.
Q. Identify the adjective phrases in the following sentences.
1. Have you ever seen an elephant with a white skin?

2. He was wearing a crown made of gold.

3. There I met a girl with blue eyes.

4. Wild beasts in small cages are a sorry sight.

5. A man with a long beard came to see me.

Answers
Adjective phrases are underlined in the following sentences.

1. Have you ever seen an elephant with a white skin?

2. He was wearing a crown made of gold.

3. There I met a girl with blue eyes.

4. Wild beasts in small cages are a sorry sight.

5. A man with a long beard came to see me.

Q. Circle the noun phrase in each sentence given below.

Example: The basketball coach was happy with his team’s effort.

Answer: basketball coach.

1. Has anyone seen the little, green, parrot?

2. The football coach got very upset with his team.

3. She is my favorite English teacher.

4. The kids were surprised by the summer rain.

5. I live in a good, family home.

Answers: 1. little, green, parrot 2. Football coach 3. English teacher 4.

Summer rain 5. Good, family home
Q. Underline the adverb phrases in the following sentence.
1. She lives in a palatial home.
2. Is there water on the moon?
3. She ran into her room.
4. They chatted for a while.
5. The desert stretched towards the north.

Answers
1. Adverb phrase – in a palatial home
2. Adverb phrase – on the moon
3. Adverb phrase – into her room
4. Adverb phrase – for a while
5. Adverb phrase – towards the north

A word used to connect words, phrases, clauses, and sentences,

as a conjunction such as however, before, until, while, if, also etc.
Q. Complete the sentences with suitable connective.

1. I fell over ______ I hurt my knee.

2. The game ended______ the referee blew his whistle.

3. She couldn’t ride her bike _______it had a puncture.

4. We arrived on time _______ the train was late.

5.I couldn’t spell that word ____ I fetched dictionary.

Answers: 1.and 2. When 3.because 4.but 5.so

A punctuation mark (') used to indicate either possession (e.g. Harry's
book; boys' coats) or the omission of letters or numbers (e.g. can't; he's; 1
Jan. '99)

Apostrophe shows

Possession Contraction/Omission

Ali’s bag We’ll

Q. Change the words in parenthesis ( ) into a contraction and write them on the
lines to complete the sentences.

1. _____going to McDonald's. (we are)

2. I think_____ order a hamburger. (I will)

3. Bunny says______ get a milkshake. (he will)

4. I hope_____ open when we get there. (they are)

5. ______almost eleven o'clock at night. (it is)

6. _______so hungry I could eat a horse. (I am)

ANSWERS: 1.We’re 2. I’ll 3. He’ll 4.they’re 5.It’s 6. I’m

A comma is a punctuation mark that indicates a pause in a sentence or separates
items in a list. A comma is also used before the words "and" or "but" to join two
independent clauses.

Commas come in handy when you're writing a grocery list: "Buy candy, chocolate
milk, Pop Tarts, and gum."

You can also use a comma to set off an adverb at the beginning of a sentence e.g.
Therefore, I refuse to ride the roller coaster.

Comma Exercise:

Q. Insert commas where they belong:

1. Although I liked what you wrote about caring for your pet rat I have a
suggestion you might want to consider.

2. Ever since you asked my opinion about the soccer field battle I’ve been
mulling the situation over trying to determine a logical consequence.

3. I don’t usually give unsolicited advice but this seems to me to be a

special case.

4. I wouldn’t ordinarily presume to tell you how to behave but I’m

concerned.
5. Your suggestion is excellent and I may regret not trying it but I’m going to
try something else first.

6. May you live as long as you want, and never want as long as you live!

Comma Exercise ANSWERS:

1. Although I liked what you wrote about caring for your pet rat, I have a
suggestion you might want to consider.

2. Ever since you asked my opinion about the soccer field battle, I’ve been
mulling the situation over, trying to determine a logical consequence.

3. I don’t usually give unsolicited advice, but this seems to me to be a

special case.

4. I wouldn’t ordinarily presume to tell you how to behave, but I’m

concerned.

5. Your suggestion is excellent and I may regret not trying it, but I’m going
to try something else first.

6. May you live as long as you want, and never want as long as you live!