Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
EDWARD GARDNER
Johannes Brahms, 1883
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Brahms: Symphonies Nos 1 and 3
Symphony No. 1 in C minor, Op. 68 Brahms left Vienna on 7 June that year,
If one dares to go on still writing the finale was more or less finished by late
symphonies after Beethoven, they will September, and the two middle movements
have to look very different: were done by mid-October.
thus did Johannes Brahms (1833 – 1897) If those dates suggest something of a
write in an undated letter to the violinist sprint to the finish, they must be put in
and conductor Carl Bargheer. The point is, the context of more than two decades of
on the whole, a positive one, allowing for the preliminary work. Already in 1853, in the
possibility of symphonic composition after celebrated essay ‘New Paths’ through which
Beethoven. But the older master’s shadow was he introduced Brahms to the musical world,
as inhibiting to Brahms as it was inspiring. Robert Schumann had described Brahms’s
Although he had sent Clara Schumann a piano sonatas as ‘veiled symphonies’.
manuscript of the first movement of the Some material for the First Symphony was
First Symphony (albeit without its slow originally contained in movements of a sonata
introduction) in June 1862, Brahms was still for two pianos composed by early 1854; tiring
vacillating in the early 1870s, when he made of that medium, Brahms first rescored the
his well-known remark to the conductor material for symphony orchestra but then,
Hermann Levi that in 1855, reworked it as what became the
I shall never compose a symphony! Piano Concerto in D minor, Op. 15. Another
You have no idea what it feels like for proto-symphony eventually became the
one of us always to hear such a giant Serenade in D, Op. 11: Brahms had composed
(Beethoven) marching along behind. four movements for a chamber ensemble
Only on 4 November 1876, in Karlsruhe, in 1858, and although Clara Schumann
would Otto Dessoff conduct the première and Joseph Joachim encouraged him to
of Brahms’s first work in the genre; the score it for symphony orchestra – which he
first movement had been completed before eventually did, in 1859 – 60 – he initially
4
demurred and rather composed two further symphony in the same key as Beethoven’s Fifth
movements for the same ensemble. The (and so many other of Beethoven’s works)
subsequent compositional history of the First and tracing the same per ardua ad astra,
Symphony prior to 1876 is largely unclear. In darkness-to-light path whereby C minor yields
any case, the work performed on 4 November eventually to C major, Brahms inevitably
that year did not remain untouched: the invited comparisons.
second movement in particular underwent Brahms’s path is not quite Beethoven’s,
significant modification, Brahms changing however. Whereas Beethoven’s finale emerges
its rondo structure to the three-part form we directly from the transitional passage that
know today. Another illuminating context for links it with the third movement, Brahms
Brahms’s struggle with the genre is the closely keeps his four movements separate, and
contemporaneous composition of Wagner’s both the first movement and the finale
Der Ring des Nibelungen, the earliest music are given slow introductions. That of the
for which also dates from 1853 and the first finale not only prepares the main theme
complete performance of which had taken (the one of which, when its similarity to
place at the first Bayreuth Festival, in August Beethoven’s ‘Freude’ theme was observed,
1876. Brahms famously retorted, ‘any ass can spot
As we know, Brahms need not have worried: that’) but also stages its own minor-to-major
what he eventually created was quickly received trajectory wherein the arrival at the major
as a work of great significance. For the critic mode coincides with the appearance of
Richard Pohl it had a chamber-music-like both the alphorn melody and chorale that
quality, and the finale was the will feature significantly in the main body
most significant and gripping; thus of the movement, the chorale in particular
we become aware of an artistic functioning as a kind of ‘breakthrough’
intensification in this symphony right element in the coda. Moreover, the colouring
through to the end, which lifts it in rank of the larger movement remains more
above the majority of its post-Beethoven decidedly poised between major and minor
sisters. than does Beethoven’s: the exposition moves
Equally, Pohl could not ignore the Beethoven through the conventional dominant, G major,
question; and simply by composing a to its relative minor, E minor, which means
5
that the recapitulation (which is fused with 1877 during his visit to receive an honorary
the development section) must itself gravitate Mus. D., offered also to Brahms who declined
toward C minor again before the coda can to cross the Channel for the purpose.
firmly re-establish the triumphant major
mode. The finale responds in many respects Symphony No. 3 in F, Op. 90
to the first movement, which also stresses The darkness-to-light trajectory also gives
the minor mode (the exposition takes the powerful shape to the Third Symphony. This
normative turn toward the relative major, is especially true of the finale which, until the
E flat, but then prefers the parallel minor coda, bears the key signature not of F major
mode) and plots its own quieter arrival in but of F minor (in this the symphony recalls
C major in the closing bars of the coda. This the earlier Piano Trio in B, Op. 8, the finale of
moment also involves the transformation of which cleaves doggedly to B minor, not major,
the chromatic material of the introduction, until the end). But major-minor contrast is
which itself informs the main thematic built into this music from the outset. The
material of the exposition. Already back first movement begins with two introductory
in 1862 Clara Schumann had enthused to chords, an F major triad followed by a
Joachim concerning Brahms’s increasingly diminished seventh over the same root: this
individual mastery of motivic working: inevitably involves the exchange of the major
‘everything is so interestingly interwoven.’ third above F for the minor, or A flat for
The symphony was quickly taken up in A natural. (The strategy is exactly that of the
performance, even before its publication in opening of Schubert’s String Quintet in C,
score, parts, and Brahms’s own four-hand D 956.) The major mode is reasserted in
piano arrangement, at the end of October bar 3 as first and second violins introduce the
1877. Brahms conducted it in Mannheim main theme, which begins with a descending
only three days after the Karlsruhe première, F major arpeggio. Equally significant, though,
the timings of the four movements, according is the bass motion which ascends through
to Pohl, being fourteen, nine, four, and F – A flat – F: thus, the descending major
sixteen minutes. Its British première triad is counterpointed against the ascending
took place in Cambridge, where Joachim minor one. Only in the last five bars of the
conducted it in the Guildhall on 8 March coda of this remarkably compressed sonata
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form movement (the exposition lasts a mere admirers as well as by the musical press. Even
seventy-two bars) is the matter resolved Joachim, who was not usually given to such
firmly in favour of the major mode and the things, told Brahms that he could not resist
violin theme, which now pervades the entire hearing the finale as a musical evocation of
string texture. And this quiet ending to the the mythical story of Hero and Leander:
movement will reappear, gently transformed, when I think of the second theme in
to bring the entire symphony to its peaceful C major, there comes to me unbidden
close: the scoring of the final chord of each the daring, brave swimmer, his chest
movement is conspicuously similar, which lifted against the waves and the mighty
enhances the cyclical design. passion before his eyes...
This close relationship between the outer Clara Schumann, on the other hand, heard
movements of what is Brahms’s shortest an ‘elegiac tone’ across the entire work,
symphony is a distinguishing feature. The and proffered the image of a ‘forest idyll’.
influential critic Eduard Hanslick was And even if Brahms had by now laid his
not alone in thinking the work somewhat Beethovenian demons to rest, comparisons
unbalanced in this respect, feeling that the with the older composer could not be
two inner movements were rather too small ignored. Hans Richter, who would conduct
in scope and content to match the powerful the première, was the first to dub the Third
surrounding ones. (He levelled the same Symphony Brahms’s ‘Eroica’, following a
criticism at the First Symphony also.) Even so, performance which Brahms had given with
Hanslick considered the Third Symphony the Ignaz Brüll in November 1883 of his four-
most ‘artistically accomplished’ of the three hand arrangement for two pianos. Hanslick
that Brahms had yet composed: it was went on to promote this interpretation,
formally more compact, more while others heard in the symphony echoes
transparent in detail, its main motivic of another composer’s own third symphony
material more plastic, and the in the ‘Eroica’ key of E flat: an anonymous
orchestration richer in original charming reviewer in the Musikalisches Wochenblatt
colourations. for 13 December 1883 described the overall
The symphony quickly inspired a range of character of the symphony as one of ‘lusty
poetic interpretations by Brahms’s friends and cheerfulness’ and countered Hanslick’s
7
opinion with the suggestion that Symphony 1884, and the first performance of the
No. 3 (the ‘Rhenish’) by Schumann Fourth Symphony, on 25 October 1885, the
lay behind Brahms’s work. There is an Third Symphony quickly established itself
indisputable and conspicuous similarity in in the repertoire: forty-four performances in
the melodic sweep and rhythmic shape of the Europe and America are documented for that
opening bars of both works. seventeen-month period alone.
More recently, Robert Bailey has
© 2019 Nicholas Marston
interpreted the Third Symphony as Brahms’s
In memoriam Robert Pascall (1944 – 2018),
memorial to Richard Wagner, who had
great Brahmsian, colleague, and friend
died on 13 February 1883. Bailey hears
similarities between bars 31 – 35 of the first
movement and the Sirens’ song from Act I, One of the world’s oldest orchestras, the
Scene 1 of Tannhäuser, as well as between Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra dates
bars 108 – 115 of the second movement and back to 1765 and thus in 2015 celebrated its
Brünnhilde’s ‘lautrer als er liebte kein andrer!’ 250th anniversary. Edvard Grieg had a close
(Götterdämmerung, Act III, Scene 3). relationship with the Orchestra, serving as its
Whatever the truth of this, it is the case artistic director during the years 1880 – 82.
that Brahms composed the symphony in Numbering one-hundred-and-one musicians,
Wiesbaden during the summer of 1883. At the Orchestra has achieved the status of a
the orchestral première, under Richter, in the Norwegian National Orchestra. Edward
Vienna Musikvereinssaal on 2 December, a Gardner, the acclaimed Music Director of
pro-Wagner and Bruckner claque attempted English National Opera, was appointed
to derail the performance following each Chief Conductor for a three-year tenure
movement with a public protest against from October 2015, a contract which has
Brahms. They were unsuccessful, however, been extended until 2021. The Orchestra
being drowned out by applause for the work enjoys a high international reputation
and its composer, with the result that the through recordings, extensive touring, and
protest paradoxically yielded Brahms one international commissions.
of his greatest Viennese triumphs. Between During the last few seasons it has played in
its publication, in the second half of May the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, at the BBC
8
Proms in the Royal Albert Hall, in the Wiener Ehnes, Gerald Finley, Alban Gerhardt, Vadim
Musikverein and Konzerthaus, in Carnegie Gluzman, Stephen Hough, Freddy Kempf,
Hall, New York, and in the Philharmonie, Truls Mørk, Steven Osborne, Lawrence Power,
Berlin. In 2015 it revisited the Concertgebouw and Stuart Skelton, among others.
and the BBC Proms and toured Germany, The Orchestra has recorded Tchaikovsky’s
Sweden, and Ireland. Together with Edward three great ballets and critically acclaimed
Gardner, it toured Germany in 2016, visited series of works by Johan Halvorsen and Johan
England and the Concertgebouw in spring Svendsen with Neeme Järvi, orchestral works
2017, and appeared at the Edinburgh by Rimsky-Korsakov with Dmitri Kitayenko,
International Festival in August 2017. and music by Berlioz, Delius, Elgar, Sibelius,
In 2015 the Orchestra established and Vaughan Williams with Sir Andrew Davis.
BergenPhiLive which offers a fine selection The first collaboration on disc between
of works performed by the Orchestra and Edward Gardner and the Orchestra was a
a range of conductors and soloists. A youth recording of orchestral realisations by Luciano
symphony orchestra, Bergen Philharmonic Berio. A critically acclaimed series devoted
Youth Orchestra, has also been established, to orchestral works by Janáček, including a
which gives four to six concerts per year. Grammy-nominated recording of his Glagolitic
The Orchestra has an active recording Mass, has been completed, and Schoenberg’s
schedule, at the moment releasing four CDs Gurre-Lieder was released in 2016. 2017 saw
every year. Critics worldwide applaud its the release of a CD of orchestral songs by
energetic playing style and full-bodied string Sibelius, with Gerald Finley as soloist, and a
sound. Recent and ongoing recording projects disc of orchestral works by Bartók, including
include Messiaen’s Turangalîla-Symphonie, the Concerto for Orchestra. Recordings of the
ballets by Stravinsky, the symphonies, ballet Piano Concerto and incidental music from
suites, and concertos by Prokofiev, and the Peer Gynt by Grieg as well as the Grande
complete orchestral music of Edvard Grieg. Messe des morts by Berlioz appeared in 2018.
Enjoying long-standing artistic partnerships www.harmonien.no / www.bergenphillive.no
with some of the finest musicians in the
world, the Orchestra has recorded with Leif Chief Conductor of the Bergen Philharmonic
Ove Andsnes, Jean-Efflam Bavouzet, James Orchestra since October 2015, Edward
9
Gardner has led the orchestra on multiple till 2016, and BBC Symphony Orchestra,
international tours, including performances which he has conducted at both the First and
in Berlin, Munich, and Amsterdam, and at the Last Night of the BBC Proms.
the BBC Proms and Edinburgh International Music Director of English National
Festival. In demand as a guest conductor, Opera for ten years (2006 – 15), Edward
during the season 2017 / 18 he made his Gardner has an ongoing relationship with The
debut with the New York Philharmonic, Metropolitan Opera, New York, where he
San Francisco Symphony, Finnish Radio has conducted productions of Carmen, Don
Symphony Orchestra, and Nederlands Giovanni, Der Rosenkavalier, and Werther.
Philharmonisch Orkest, and returned to the He has also conducted at Teatro alla Scala,
Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, Deutsches Milan, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Glyndebourne
Symphonie-Orchester Berlin, Danish National Festival Opera, and Opéra national de Paris,
Symphony Orchestra, and Philharmonia while performing operas in concert, notably an
Orchestra. During the season 2018 / 19 he acclaimed Peter Grimes at the Bergen and
will, among other things, return to conduct Edinburgh international festivals, continues
the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Radio to be a part of his work with the Bergen
Filharmonisch Orkest, The Netherlands, Philharmonic Orchestra. A passionate
Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra, supporter of young talent, he founded the
Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala di Milano, and Hallé Youth Orchestra in 2002 and regularly
London Philharmonic Orchestra, the last conducts the National Youth Orchestra of
both in London and New York, and make Great Britain. He has a close relationship
his debut with the WDR Sinfonieorchester with the Juilliard School, and with the
Köln, Wiener Symphoniker, Rundfunk- Royal Academy of Music which appointed
Sinfonieorchester Berlin, and Orchestra him its inaugural Sir Charles Mackerras
Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI, as well as Conducting Chair in 2014. He is an exclusive
The Royal Opera, Covent Garden, in a new Chandos recording artist whose award-
production of Kát’a Kabanová. He continues winning discography includes recordings of
his longstanding collaboration with the City music by Grieg, Bartók, Sibelius, Janáček,
of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, where Elgar, Mendelssohn, Walton, Lutosławski,
he was Principal Guest Conductor from 2010 Britten, Berio, Schubert, Berlioz, and
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Schoenberg. Born in Gloucester in 1974, he named Conductor of the Year by the Royal
was educated at Cambridge and the Royal Philharmonic Society in 2008, won an Olivier
Academy of Music. He went on to become Award for Outstanding Achievement in Opera
Assistant Conductor of The Hallé and Music in 2009, and received an OBE for Services to
Director of Glyndebourne Touring Opera. Music in the Queen’s Birthday Honours in
Among many accolades, Edward Gardner was 2012.
Ralph Couzens
16
brave Schwimmer, gehoben die Brust der Anfangstakte der beiden Werke nicht zu
von den Wellen und der mächtigen leugnen.
Leidenschaft vors Auge ... In jüngerer Zeit hat Robert Bailey die
Clara Schumann hingegen erschien das dritte Sinfonie als Brahms’ Hommage an
ganze Werk von einer “elegischen Stimmung” Richard Wagner interpretiert, der am
durchdrungen und sie schlug das Bild einer 13. Februar 1883 gestorben war. Bailey
“Wald-Idylle” vor. Und selbst wenn Brahms hört Ähnlichkeiten zwischen T. 31 – 35 des
inzwischen seine Beethovenschen Dämonen ersten Satzes und dem Sirenengesang aus
bezwungen hatte, konnten Vergleiche mit der ersten Szene von Akt I des Tannhäuser,
dem älteren Komponisten nicht ignoriert außerdem zwischen T. 108 – 115 des zweiten
werden. Hans Richter, der die Premiere Satzes und Brünnhildes “lautrer als er liebte
dirigieren sollte, war der erste, der die Dritte kein andrer!” (Götterdämmerung, Akt III,
Sinfonie als Brahms’ “Eroica” bezeichnete, Szene 3). Was immer die Wahrheit ist, es trifft
nachdem Brahms die von ihm selbst zu, dass Brahms die Sinfonie im Sommer
angefertigte Bearbeitung des Werks für zwei 1883 in Wiesbaden komponiert hat. Bei der
Klaviere im November 1883 gemeinsam mit Uraufführung der Orchesterfassung, die am
Ignaz Brüll gespielt hatte. Hanslick griff diese 2. Dezember unter Richter im Saal des Wiener
Interpretation auf, während andere Anklänge Musikvereins gegeben wurde, versuchte eine
an die dritte Sinfonie in der “Eroica”-Tonart Gruppe von pro-Wagner und pro-Bruckner-
Es-Dur noch eines weiteren Komponisten Claqueuren, die Aufführung zu stören, indem
zu hören glaubten: Ein anonymer Rezensent sie nach jedem Satz öffentlich gegen Brahms
beschrieb im Musikalischen Wochenblatt protestierten. Sie hatten allerdings keinen
vom 13. Dezember 1883 die Stimmung Erfolg, da ihr Protest im Applaus für das Werk
der Sinfonie als “rüstige Heiterkeit” und und seinen Komponisten unterging und sie so
konterte Hanslicks Ansicht mit dem paradoxerweise dazu beitrugen, dass Brahms
Vorschlag, die Anregung zu Brahms’ Werk mit der Aufführung einen seiner größten
sei in Schumanns Dritter Sinfonie (der Wiener Triumphe feierte. Zwischen ihrer
“Rheinischen”) zu suchen. Tatsächlich ist die Veröffentlichung in der zweiten Maihälfte
auffällige Ähnlichkeit in dem melodischen 1884 und der Uraufführung der Vierten
Schwung und der rhythmischen Gestaltung Sinfonie am 25. Oktober 1885 fand die Dritte
17
Sinfonie rasch ihren Platz im Repertoire – Wiener Musikverein und Konzerthaus, in der
vierundvierzig Aufführungen in Europa und Carnegie Hall New York und in der Berliner
Amerika sind allein für diesen Zeitraum von Philharmonie aufgetreten. Das Orchester war
siebzehn Monaten belegt. 2015 in Deutschland, Schweden und Irland zu
erleben, außerdem gab es neuerliche Konzerte
© 2019 Nicholas Marston
im Concertgebouw und bei den BBC-Proms.
In memoriam Robert Pascall (1944 – 2018),
Unter der Leitung von Edward Gardner
großer Brahmsianer, Kollege und Freund
unternahm das Orchester 2016 eine weitere
Übersetzung: Stephanie Wollny
Deutschlandreise, im Frühjahr 2017 trat es
erneut in England und im Concertgebouw
Das Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester, eines auf und im August des Jahres folgte ein
der ältesten Orchester der Welt, geht auf Engagement im Rahmen des Edinburgh
das Jahr 1765 zurück und feierte damit International Festival.
im Jahr 2015 sein 250-jähriges Bestehen. Seit 2015 unterhält das Orchester
Das Orchester war eng mit Edvard Grieg BergenPhiLive mit einer erstklassigen
verbunden, der in den Jahren 1880 – 1882 Auswahl an Werken, die unter Mitwirkung
dessen künstlerische Leitung innehatte. Mit verschiedener Dirigenten und Solisten
seinen 101 Musikern gilt es heute als eines aufgenommen worden sind. Außerdem ist
der Nationalorchester Norwegens. Edward ein Jugendorchester gegründet worden, das
Gardner, der renommierte Musikdirektor der unter dem Namen Bergen Filharmoniske
English National Opera, wurde im Oktober Ungdomsorkester jährlich vier bis sechs
2015 für drei Jahre zum Chefdirigenten Konzerte gibt.
ernannt; inzwischen wurde sein Vertrag bis Mit derzeit vier CD-Neuerscheinungen
2021 verlängert. Mit Studioaufnahmen, pro Jahr profiliert sich das Orchester auch
ausgedehnten Konzertreisen und bedeutsamen durch seine rege Studioarbeit. Kritiker in
Kompositionsaufträgen verstärkt das Orchester aller Welt haben den energiegeladenen
seine internationale Präsenz. Vortrag und den vollen Klang der Streicher
So ist es in jüngster Zeit auch im gewürdigt. Zu den aktuellen Projekten gehören
Concertgebouw Amsterdam, bei den BBC- Messiaens Turangalîla-Symphonie, Ballette
Proms in der Londoner Royal Albert Hall, im von Strawinsky, Sinfonien, Ballettsuiten und
18
Instrumentalkonzerte von Prokofjew sowie Edward Gardner, seit Oktober 2015
eine Gesamteinspielung der Orchestermusik Chefdirigent des Bergen Filharmoniske
von Edvard Grieg. Langjährige künstlerische Orkester, hat das Ensemble auf mehreren
Partnerschaften verbinden das Orchester mit internationalen Tourneen geleitet, mit
Solisten wie Leif Ove Andsnes, Jean-Efflam Aufführungen in Berlin, München und
Bavouzet, James Ehnes, Gerald Finley, Alban Amsterdam sowie bei den BBC-Proms und
Gerhardt, Vadim Gluzman, Stephen Hough, beim Edinburgh International Festival. Als
Freddy Kempf, Truls Mørk, Steven Osborne, Gastdirigent gefragt, hat er in der Saison
Lawrence Power und Stuart Skelton. 2017 / 18 sein Debüt mit dem New York
Mit Neeme Järvi hat das Orchester die drei Philharmonic, dem San Francisco Symphony,
großen Ballettmusiken von Tschaikowsky dem Finnischen Radio-Sinfonieorchester
sowie von der Kritik gefeierte Werkserien und dem Nederlands Philharmonisch
von Johan Halvorsen und Johan Svendsen Orkest gegeben, um außerdem zum
eingespielt, außerdem Orchesterwerke von Gewandhausorchester Leipzig, dem
Rimsky-Korsakow mit Dmitri Kitayenko und Deutschen Symphonie-Orchester Berlin,
Musik von Berlioz, Delius, Elgar, Sibelius und dem DR SymfoniOrkestret Kopenhagen
Vaughan Williams mit Sir Andrew Davis. und dem Londoner Philharmonia
Das erste CD-Projekt des Orchesters mit Orchestra zurückzukehren. In der Saison
Edward Gardner war eine Aufnahme mit 2018 / 19 wird er unter anderem erneut
Orchesterbearbeitungen von Luciano Berio. mit dem Chicago Symphony Orchestra,
Inzwischen ist auch die vielfach gelobte dem Radio Filharmonisch Orkest in den
Einspielung von Orchesterwerken Janáčeks Niederlanden, dem Kungliga Filharmoniska
abgeschlossen – darunter eine für den Orkestern Stockholm, dem Orchestra
Grammy Award nominierte Aufnahme seiner del Teatro alla Scala di Milano und dem
Glagolitischen Messe –, gefolgt von Schönbergs London Philharmonic Orchestra auftreten,
Gurre-Liedern, die 2016 erschienen sind. 2017 mit dem letzteren sowohl in London
wurde eine CD mit Orchesterliedern von als auch in New York, um daneben mit
Sibelius veröffentlicht, bei der Gerald Finley dem WDR Sinfonieorchester Köln, den
als Solist mitwirkte. www.harmonien.no / Wiener Symphonikern, dem Rundfunk-
www.bergenphillive.no Sinfonieorchester Berlin und dem Orchestra
19
Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI zu debütieren, Youth Orchestra und dirigiert regelmäßig das
außerdem an der Royal Opera Covent National Youth Orchestra of Great Britain.
Garden in einer Neuinszenierung von Er unterhält enge Beziehungen zur Juilliard
Katja Kabanowa. Er setzt seine langjährige School in New York und der Londoner
Zusammenarbeit mit dem City of Birmingham Royal Academy of Music, die ihn 2014 als
Symphony Orchestra fort, wo er von 2010 bis ersten Sir Charles Mackerras Conducting
2016 Erster Gastdirigent war, und mit dem Chair einsetzte. Er steht für Einspielungen
BBC Symphony Orchestra, das er sowohl am auf Tonträger exklusiv bei Chandos
ersten als auch am abschließenden Abend der unter Vertrag, und seine preisgekrönte
BBC-Proms dirigiert hat. Diskographie umfasst Aufnahmen mit Musik
Edward Gardner war zehn Jahre lang (von von Grieg, Bartók, Sibelius, Janáček, Elgar,
2006 bis 2015) Musikdirektor der English Mendelssohn, Walton, Lutosławski, Britten,
National Opera und hat eine fortlaufende Berio, Schubert, Berlioz und Schönberg. Im
Beziehung zur Metropolitan Opera New York, Jahre 1974 im englischen Gloucester geboren,
wo er Inszenierungen von Carmen, wurde er an der Universität Cambridge und
Don Giovanni, Rosenkavalier und Werther an der Royal Academy of Music ausgebildet.
geleitet hat. Daneben ist er am Teatro alla Scala In der Folge wurde er Assistenzdirigent
in Mailand, an der Lyric Opera of Chicago, am Hallé Orchestra und Musikdirektor
an der Glyndebourne Festival Opera und der Glyndebourne Touring Opera. Seine
der Opéra national de Paris tätig gewesen, zahlreichen Auszeichnungen umfassen die
während er auch Opern im Konzertsaal gibt, Ernennung zum Dirigenten des Jahres 2008
insbesondere eine viel bewunderte Darbietung durch die Royal Philharmonic Society, der
von Peter Grimes bei den internationalen Olivier Award für herausragende Leistungen
Festspielen von Bergen und Edinburgh, und im Bereich der Oper 2009 und die Verleihung
das ist weiterhin Bestandteil seiner Arbeit des Verdienstordens OBE (Officer of the
mit dem Bergen Filharmoniske Orkester. Als Order of the British Empire) für besondere
leidenschaftlicher Unterstützer junger Talente Verdienste um die Musik 2012 in den
gründete er 2002 in Manchester das Hallé Birthday Honours von Königin Elisabeth II.
20
Ralph Couzens
Orchestral musicians join the producer, Brian Pidgeon, and Edward Gardner during
playback in the control room
Brahms: Symphonies nos 1 et 3
29
Also available
CHSA 5219
Berlioz
Grande Messe des morts
sr
30
Also available
CHSA 5237
Bartók
Bluebeard’s Castle
sr
31
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A Hybrid SA-CD is made up of two separate layers, one carries the normal CD information and the other
carries the SA-CD information. This hybrid SA-CD can be played on standard CD players, but will only
play normal stereo. It can also be played on an SA-CD player reproducing the stereo or multi-channel
DSD layer as appropriate.
32
Microphones
Thuresson: CM 402 (main sound)
Schoeps: MK22 / MK4 / MK6
DPA: 4006 & 4011
Neumann: U89
CM 402 microphones are hand built by the designer, Jörgen Thuresson, in Sweden.
CHANDOS
CHANDOS
JOHANNES BRAHMS
(1833 – 1897)
Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra / Gardner
Edward Gardner
CHSA 5236
CHSA 5236
p 2019 Chandos Records Ltd c 2019 Chandos Records Ltd Chandos Records Ltd • Colchester • Essex • England