ECE 476 – Power System Analysis Fall 2019

Homework 3

Reading: Chapter 4 from textbook.

In-class quiz: Thursday, September 19, 2019

Problem 1. A 60-Hz single-phase, two-wire overhead line has solid cylindrical copper conductors with 1.5 cm di-
ameter. The conductors are arranged in a horizontal configuration with 0.5 m spacing. Calculate in mH/km:
a) The inductance of each conductor due to internal flux linkages only.

The internal inductance of each conductor is given by (4.4.10):

  
1 1000 mH 1000 m
Lint = × 10−7 H/m = 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
2 1H 1 km

b) The inductance of each conductor due to both internal and external flux linkages.

The inductance for each conductor due to both internal and external flux linkages is given by (4.4.21):
 
D
Lx = Ly = 2 × 10−7 ln
r0
!   
−7 0.5 H 1000 mH 1000 m
= 2 × 10 ln .
e−1/4 0.015


2
m 1H 1 km
= 0.8899 mH/km per conductor

c) The total inductance of the line.

The total inductance of the single phase circuit is

L = Lx + Ly = 1.780 mH/km per circuit.

Problem 2. Rework Problem 1 if the diameter of each conductor is:

a) Increased by 20% to 1.8 cm.
  
1 1000 mH 1000 m
Lint = × 10−7 H/m = 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
2 1H 1 km

 
−7 D
Lx = Ly = 2 × 10 ln
r0
!   
−7 0.5 H 1000 mH 1000 m
= 2 × 10 ln 0.018


e−1/4 2
m 1H 1 km
= 0.8535 mH/km per conductor.

L = Lx + Ly = 1.707 mH/km per circuit.

1
b) Decreased by 20% to 1.2 cm, without changing the phase spacing.
  
1 −7 1000 mH 1000 m
Lint = × 10 H/m = 0.05 mH/km per conductor.
2 1H 1 km
 
D
Lx = Ly = 2 × 10−7 ln
r0
!   
−7 0.5 H 1000 mH 1000 m
= 2 × 10 ln 0.012


e−1/4 2
m 1H 1 km
= 0.9346 mH/km per conductor.

L = Lx + Ly = 1.869 mH/km per circuit.

Compare the results with those of Problem 1.
• Lint is independent of conductor diameter.
• A 20% increase in conductor diameter results in a 4.1% decrease in inductance.
• A 20% decrease in conductor diameter results in a 5% increase in inductance.
Problem 3. A 60-Hz three-phase, three-wire overhead line has solid cylindrical conductors arranged in the form of
an equilateral triangle with 4 ft conductor spacing. Conductor diameter is 0.5 in. Calculate the positive-sequence
inductance in H/m and the positive-sequence inductive reactance in Ω/km.

The line inductance is given by

 
−7 D
L = 2 × 10 ln
r0
!
4
= 2 × 10−7 ln 0.5

1 ft

= 1.101 × 10−6 H/m per phase.
e−1/4 2 12 in

Then the inductive reactance is

  
−6

Ω 1000 m
XL = ωL = 2π60 1.101 × 10 = 0.4153 Ω/km.
m km
Problem 4. Calculate the capacitance-to-neutral in F/m and the admittance-to-neutral in S/km for the three-phase
line in Problem 3 (stated above). Neglect the effect of the earth plane.

The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is

2π 2π(8.854 × 10−12 )
Can = =   = 1.058 × 10−11 F/m line-to-neutral.
ln(D/r) 4
ln 0.25/12

Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is

  
−11 S 1000 m
Ban = ωCan = 2π60(1.058 × 10 ) = 3.989 × 10−6 S/km line-to-neutral.
m 1 km
Problem 5. Rework Problem 4 if the phase spacing is:
a) Increased by 20% to 4.8 ft.

The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is

2π 2π(8.854 × 10−12 )
Can = =   = 1.023 × 10−11 F/m line-to-neutral.
ln(D/r) 4.8
ln 0.25/12
Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is
  
−11 S 1000 m
Ban = jωCan = j2π60(1.023 × 10 ) = 3.855 × 10−6 S/km line-to-neutral.
m 1 km

b) Decreased by 20% to 3.2 ft.

The capacitance-to-neutral per line length is

2π 2π(8.854 × 10−12 )

Can = =   = 1.105 × 10−11 F/m line-to-neutral.
ln(D/r) 3.2
ln 0.25/12

Then, the admittance-to-neutral per line length is

  
S 1000 m
Ban = ωCan = j2π60(1.105 × 10−11 ) = 4.166 × 10−6 S/km line-to-neutral.
m 1 km

Compare the results with those of Problem 4.

• A 20% increase in phase spacing results in a 3.4% decrease in shunt capacitance and admittance.
• A 20% decrease in phase spacing results in a 4.4% increase in shunt capacitance and admittance.