ROBOTICS & EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Reviewer for Final Examination
2 PURPOSES OF ROBOTICS:
1. PURPOSE OF REPLACEMENT
2. PURPOSE TO DO TASK
(wide specific task)
WHAT IS A ROBOT?
-In 1979, the Robot Institute of America defined
“robot” as a reprogrammable, multifunctional,
manipulator designed to move material, parts,
tools, or specialized devices through variable
programmed motions for the performance of
variety of tasks.
Isaac Asimov's "Three Laws of Robotics"
• A robot may not injure a human being or,
through inaction, allow a human being to
come to harm.
• A robot must obey orders given it by human
beings except where such orders would
conflict with the First Law.
• A robot must protect its own existence as
long as such protection does not conflict
with the First or Second Law.
3 CLASSIFICATIONS OF A ROBOT:
1. TOY
2. ON-DUTY (SURVEILLANCE)
3. INDUSTRIAL : (EX: ROBOTIC ARM ,
ROBOTIC SYSTEM AUTOMATION)
Some facts about Robotics in the World (HISTORY
OF ROBOTS)
 In 2004, Epson released the smallest flying
robot.
 In 1495, Leonardo Da Vinci designed the
first humanoid robot.
 The first industrial robot UNIMATE was
installed in General Motors automobile
factory in New Jersey.
 ASIMO was the 1st robot that could walk
independently w/ relative smooth
movements. (Japan)
 In 1942, the term “robotics” popularized by
Isaac Asimov.
What is EMBEDDED SYSTEMS?
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS are essentially computing
devices or computers. Computers take in
information (input), process the information based
on instruction (program code), and send out this
processed information (output)
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS are computers placed into
things that do not like typical computers and are
programmed to perform specific tasks which may
be wide and varied.
3 process of Embedded systems:
INPUT
PROCESS/PROGRAM CODE
OUTPUT
 ARDUINO as a Microcontroller
A good example of a Microcontroller nowadays is
Some examples of EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: the “Arduino”. Arduino is an open-source platform
for rapidly and easy getting started in embedded
 Credit Card
systems. It is composed of Arduino board and
 (RFID)
Arduino development environment. It is one of the
Radio Frequency ID
known brand of a Microcontroller in the market
 Cell phone (messaging)
and It will serve as the Brain of the Robot w/ 13
digital pins that may use as an INPUT or an
OUTPUT.

MICROPROCESSOR
A microprocessor is a computer processor which
incorporates the functions of a computer's central Keep in mind!
processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit
The number base used to store data in digital
(IC), or at most a few integrated circuits.
computer is “2”. The base of “2” in the
computation came from the fact that the smallest
unit of information on a computer has only 2
MICROCONTROLLERS
possible states:
A microcontroller is a small computer on a
On (which corresponds to a 1) or Off (which
single integrated circuit.
corresponds to 0).
 Example Program for Blinking an LED for 1 second, and turns off for
another 1 second, repeatedly.
Materials needed:

LED 1pc
220-ohm Resistor 1pc
Jumping wires 2 pc
Breadboard 1 pc
Microcontroller (Arduino) 1 pc
Cable printer 1pc
Computer 1 unit

PROGRAM CODE

void setup() {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode(13,OUTPUT); //pin 13 will be used for the LED and serve as an OUTPUT
}

void loop() {

// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:

digitalWrite(13,HIGH); //pin 13 will ON
delay(1000); // after 1 second
digitalWrite(13,LOW); //pin 13 will OFF
delay(1000); // after 1 second *(repeat from the start)