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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

‘Entrepreneurship I’

GROUP MEMBERS:

Arooba Fatima 27847


Eman Mazhar 30271
Fatima Shoaib 30302
Maaz Ali 30170
Mehreen Khan 30322
Uroosha Shahid 33933

Submitted as mandatory requirement for the course “Entrepreneurship I” in the


Program, Bachelor of Business Administration, to ‘Sir Jahanzaib Niazi’ on 28th
Arpil’18.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

CONTENTS

Acknowledgement .............................................................................................................. 4

Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ 5

1.0 Company Background .................................................................................................. 6

1.1 Mission Statemnt .................................................................................................... 6

1.2 Vision Statement ..................................................................................................... 6

2.0 Target Market................................................................................................................ 6

2.1 Geographic .................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Demographics ............................................................................................................... 7

2.3 Psychographics ............................................................................................................. 8

2.4 Behavioral ..................................................................................................................... 9

2.5 Differentiation ............................................................................................................... 9

2.6 Positioning .................................................................................................................... 9

2.7 Differentiated Strategy ................................................................................................ 10

2.8 Porter’s Five Forces .................................................................................................... 10

3.0 Macro Environment .................................................................................................... 12

3.1 PESTEL Analysis ....................................................................................................... 12

4.0 Industrial Analysis ..................................................................................................... 14

5.0 Competitive Advantages ............................................................................................. 16

6.0 SWOT Analysis……………….....….………………………………………………..18

6.1 Competitors’ Analysis…..……………………………………………………………19

6.2 Market Based View..................................................................................................... 20

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

6.3 Competitive Advantages from a Customer’s Perspective ......................................... 21

6.4 Product Life Cycle ..................................................................................................... 22

6.5 Market Characteristics ................................................................................................ 22

7.0 The Hexagon ............................................................................................................... 23

8.0 Perceptual Map ........................................................................................................... 24

9.0 Ansoff’s Matrix ........................................................................................................... 26

9.1 Conglomerate Diversification Strategy....................................................................... 27

9.2 Marketing Mix Price ................................................................................................... 27

9.3 Packaging Strategy...................................................................................................... 27

10.0 Brand Development Strategy .................................................................................... 28

10.1 Costing ...................................................................................................................... 29

11.0 Conclusion & Recommendation ............................................................................... 30

References ......................................................................................................................... 31

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

Acknowledgement
We start with the name of Almighty ALLAH for giving us strength, potential and strong points
to complete this task. We would like to thank the people who have made this work possible. Our
prime appreciation goes to our supervisor Sir Jahanzaib Niazi, the encouragement, motivation
and support he provided us with his knowledge on the subject. He provided us with all those
guidelines necessary for the accomplishment of our task and within the lights of his supervision
we were able to understand the objectives necessary for this task. We could not have had a better
advisor and we would like to thank our parents as they have always encouraged us throughout all
our endeavors. Their support and advices has given us the motivation to achieve our goals.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

Executive Summary

The marketing study was conducted by a group of 6 members. The main objective is to launch a

new and exciting product to enhance the quality life of consumers. In order to capture the right

target market, research has been conducted from different aspects of marketing strategies. We

have done some kind of analysis to know the buying potential of the existing customers.

Biragdeiro Tart is the quality product for our customers in terms of taste, quality and packaging.

Our mission is to provide a safe and healthy product to our customers. Hygiene is one of our

main unique selling point at which we are going to advertise our product through different

mediums. SWOT analysis has been conducted to know that how efficiently we can make our

business successful.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

1.1 Mission Statement

To give people the highest quality and a great experience by providing freshest products and to

find a niche in market and bring out a product that is not already there. Sweet Cravings

constantly provide outstanding customer service and believe that customer satisfaction is the

ultimate goal.

1.2 Vision

Initially, Sweet Cravings would start with kiosks in small places like universities (Iqra

University). Eventually, Sweet Cravings would like to have its own bake shop in 5 years and

bring out a wider range of products that are unique to the market and are not already out there.

Once the business is established, Sweet Cravings would introduce new products like truffles and

chocolate drinks.

2.0 Target Market

Sweet Cravings firstly, targeted the people of urban areas and people who belong to the upper

middle, lower uppers, upper uppers social classes and people who are older than 3 years in the

region of Iqra University, whose density is 16000. Sweet Cravings’ products are for both the

genders and a person that have an income of at least 20,000 per month can easily afford Sweet

Cravings’ offerings. It is for all types of personality, because we provide our customers hygienic

food and consistent quality and it is especially for the people who love chocolate and Sweet

Cravings’ products fit for every occasion.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

2.1 Geographic

Collecting and analyzing information according to the physical location of the customer or other

data source. Geographic segmentation is often used in marketing, since companies selling

products and services would like to know where their products are being sold in order to increase

advertising and sales efforts there.

 Region: Karachi

 Urban, suburban, rural: Urban

 City size: 3780 sq. km

 Country size: 796,096 sq. km

 State size: 140,914 sq. km

 Market density: 16000

 Climate: Moderate, Humidity

 Terrain: Iqra university

2.2 Demographics

Demographic segmentation is market segmentation according to age, race, religion, gender,

family size, ethnicity, income, and education. Demographics can be segmented into several

markets to help an organization target its consumers more accurately.

 Age: 3 and above

 Gender: Male and Female

 Race: No discrimination on the basis of race

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

 Ethnicity: For all ethnic groups

 Income: 20,000 and above

 Education: For everyone (literate and illiterate)

 Occupation: Suitable for all occupations

 Family Size: For small, big or medium sized families

 Family life cycle: For all stages of life cycle (Independence. Coupling or marriage,

parenting: babies through adolescents, launching adult children, retirement or senior

years)

 Religion: For all religions

 Social Class: Upper middle, lower uppers, upper uppers.

2.3 Psychographics

In the field of marketing, demographics, opinion research, and social research in general,

psychographic variables are any attributes relating to personality, values, attitudes, interests, or

lifestyles.

 Personality Attributes: For all personality types

 Motives: To satisfy sweet cravings

 Lifestyle: Sweet oriented; it is for all types of personality, especially for the people who

love chocolate.

2.4 Behavioral

Behavioral Segmentation is market segmentation based on certain consumer behavior

characteristics, such as benefits sought by the consumer, the extent to which the product is

consumed, brand loyalty, price sensitivity, and the ways in which the product is used.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

 Volume usage: Heavy users, triers

 End use: Satisfaction for sweet cravings

 Benefit Expectations: Satisfaction

 Brand Loyalty: Very much

 Price Sensitivity: Affects a lot

2.5 Differentiation

 We provide our customers hygienic food and consistent quality.

 The customers’ craving for sweets.

 We will be offering Brigadeiro Tarts to all the customer segments that we have

highlighted.

 We are satisfying the desire of customers for a fresh chocolaty dessert.

2.6 Positioning

 Active people through attractive packing.

 Innovations after some time.

 Pricing strategy differentiate Sweet Cravings from their competitors.

 Sweet Cravings making their product in a hygienic environment.

 Sweet Cravings satisfy the need of sweets.

2.7 Differentiated Strategy

A sales growth strategy in which several market niches or population segments are targeted with

different products for each niche or segments.

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2.8 Porter’s Five Forces

Porter's Five Forces is a model that identifies and analyzes five competitive forces that shape

every industry, and helps determine an industry's weaknesses and strengths. Frequently used to

identify an industry's structure to determine corporate strategy, Porter's model can be applied to

any segment of the economy to search for profitability and attractiveness. These forces are:

1. Competition in the Industry

The importance of this force is the number of competitors and their ability to threaten a

company. The larger the number of competitors, along with the number of equivalent products

and services they offer, the lesser the power of a company. Suppliers and buyers seek out a

company's competition if they are unable to receive a suitable deal. When competitive rivalry is

low, a company has greater power to do what it wants to do to achieve higher sales and profits.

2. Potential of New Entrants into an Industry

A company's power is also affected by the force of new entrants into its market. The less time

and money it costs for a competitor to enter a company's market and be an effective competitor,

the more a company's position may be significantly weakened. An industry with strong barriers

to entry is an attractive feature for companies that would prefer to operate in a space with fewer

competitors.

3. Power of Suppliers

This force addresses how easily suppliers can drive up the price of goods and services. It is

affected by the number of suppliers of key aspects of a good or service, how unique these aspects

are, and how much it would cost a company to switch from one supplier to another. The fewer

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

the number of suppliers, and the more a company depends upon a supplier, the more power a

supplier holds.

4. Power of Customers

This specifically deals with the ability customers have to drive prices down. It is affected by how

many buyers or customers a company has, how significant each customer is, and how much it

would cost a customer to switch from one company to another. The smaller and more powerful a

client base, the more power it holds.

5. Threat of Substitutes

Competitor substitutes that can be used in place of a company's products or services pose a

threat. For example, if customers rely on a company to provide a tool or service that can be

substituted with another tool or service or by performing the task manually, and if this

substitution is fairly easy and of low cost, a company's power can be weakened.

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3.0 Macro Environment Factor

A macro environment is the condition that exists in the economy as a whole, rather than in a

particular sector or region. In general, the macro environment includes trends in gross domestic

product (GDP), inflation, employment, spending, and monetary and fiscal policy.

3.1 PESTEL Analysis

Political Factors

These are all about how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. This can

include – government policy, political stability or instability in overseas markets, foreign trade

policy, tax policy, labor law, environmental law, trade restrictions and so on.

Economic Factors

Economic factors have a significant impact on how an organization does business and also how

profitable they are. Factors include – economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates, inflation,

disposable income of consumers and businesses and so on.

Social Factors

Also known as socio-cultural factors, are the areas that involve the shared belief and attitudes of

the population. These factors include – population growth, age distribution, health

consciousness, and career attitudes and so on. These factors are of particular interest as they have

a direct effect on how marketers understand customers and what drives them.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

Technological Factors

We all know how fast the technological landscape changes and how this impacts the way we

market our products. Technological factors affect marketing and the management thereof in three

distinct ways:

New ways of producing goods and services

New ways of distributing goods and services

New ways of communicating with target markets

Environmental Factors

These factors have only really come to the forefront in the last fifteen years or so. They have

become important due to the increasing scarcity of raw materials, polution targets, doing

business as an ethical and sustainable company, carbon footprint targets set by governments (this

is a good example were one factor could be classes as political and environmental at the same

time). These are just some of the issues marketers are facing within this factor. More and more

consumers are demanding that the products they buy are sourced ethically, and if possible from a

sustainable source.

Legal Factors

Legal factors include - health and safety, equal opportunities, advertising standards, consumer

rights and laws, product labelling and product safety. It is clear that companies need to know

what is and what is not legal in order to trade successfully. If an organization trades globally this

becomes a very tricky area to get right as each country has its own set of rules and regulations.

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4.0 Industrial Analysis

 Customers: Sweet Craving’s is targeting students of Iqra University.

 Suppliers: Sweet Cravings will be buying raw materials and other ingredients from

Imtiaz Super Market.

Imtiaz Super Market is one of the leading retailers in Karachi. Over 70,000 people visit

our stores each day. We offer a wide range of quality products which include but not

limited to world-class medicinal products, huge variety of house hold items as well as

outstanding quality of food stuff which is responsibly sourced from around 2,000

suppliers, globally. Imtiaz has a huge number of over 1000 employees working around

five different stores. We also plan to expand the business, with a mission to provide fine

shopping experience to every citizen of Pakistan.

 Substitutes Industry: Sweet Craving’s competitors are the bakeries which offer

substitute products for the Brigadeiro Tarts. Bakeries which offer substitute products are:

i. Delizia

ii. Red Riding Hood

iii. Bravo Bakery

iv. Sacha’s

v. La Farine

Steps in Industrial Analysis:

i. Questions asked from the Customers:

 If the seller offers unique desserts, is it going to attract you?

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 If the seller increases the price of its offerings, would it affect your purchasing

behavior?

 If the seller increases the price of its offerings but promises the best quality,

would it affect your purchasing behavior?

 As a buyer, I can never compromise on the quality of the seller’s offerings.

ii. Questions asked from the Competitors:

 If new bake shops open up in your locality, would it be a threat for you?

 If your competitor offers lower prices of the same or substitute products, would it

affect your sales?

iii. Questions asked from the Suppliers:

 Competitors offering the same products affect your sales.

 Increasing prices would affect your sales.

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5.0 Competitive Advantages

Delizia Hobnob Pie in the Sky


Logo color theme is dark Logo color theme is green, Logo color theme is light
brown. black, brown, and orange. brown, white and sky blue.

Locations: Locations: Locations:

 Kahayban-e-Seher  Muhammad Ali  Gulistan-e-Johar


 Khayaban-e-Badar Society  Mohd. Ali Society
 Gulistan-e-Johar  Badar Commercial  Zamzama
 Khayaban-e-Jami  Boat Basin  Gulshan-e-Iqbal
 North Nazimabad  Gulshan-e-Iqbal  Bahadurabad
 BMCHS Sharafabad  Khayaban-e-  Shujaat total Pump
 Malir Cantonment Shamsheer  Bait-ul-Mukaraam
 Gulshan-e-Iqbal  Defence market  Khayaban-e-Badar
 Zamzama  Khayaban-e-Bahria
 Khayaban-e-Saadi  Askari IV
 Khayaban-e-Jami  Boulevard Road
 Shahbaz Market  North Nazimabad
 khayaban-e-Badar  Malir Cantonment
 Bahadurabad
 North Nazmabad
 Sindhi Muslim
 Gulistan-e-Johar

Cake tray is dark-brown in Cake tray is golden in color. Cake tray is golden in color.
color.

Cupcake liners dark-brown in Cupcake liners dark-brown in Cupcake liners white in color.
color. color.

Logo without a slogan. Logo with a slogan. Logo without a slogan.

Brand name in a logo, written Brand name in a logo, written Brand name in a logo, written
in a straight style in a slightly curved style in a curved style

It’s established in 2014. It’s established in 1998. It’s established in 2001.

It offers items including It offers items including It offers items including


cakes, cupcakes, brownies, cakes, brownies, cupcakes, cheesecakes, cupcakes,

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fondant cakes, pie, sundaes, doughnuts, ice-cream tiramisu, brownies, cookies,


muffins, chocolate lava and brownie, cookies, vol au lemon bars, chocolate
much more. vents, beef sausage rolls, mousse, chocolate truffles,
pizza, wraps, sandwiches, quiche, whole grain bread,
tarts, and much more. sandwiches, personalized
cakes and much more.

Delizia didn’t cater into Hobnob also cater into savory Pie in the sky also cater into
savory items. items. savory items.

No custom made cakes. No custom made cakes. It provides the special


services of custom made
cakes.

Price Range of brownies and Price Range of cupcakes and Price range of brownies:
cupcakes: From 80 – 120 brownies: From 80 – 110 From 90 – 125

Price Range of cakes: From Price Range of cakes: From Price range of cakes: from
1000 - 2200 800 – 1300 890 - 1550

224585 people like delizia on 59.518 people like hobnob on 104148 people like pie in the
facebook facebook sky on facebook

224322 people follow them 59581 people follow on 103909 people follow them
on facebook facebook on facebook

2951 followers on instagram 689 followers on instagram 5694 followers on instagram

Delizia has 308 following on Hobnob has 25 following on Pie in the sky has 68
instagram insta followers on instangram

Delizia has 54 post on Hobnob has 96 post on insta Pie in the sky has 545 post on
instagram instagram

Delizia uses brown and Hobnob was green brown and Pie in the sky uses blue
golden theme yellow theme colour theme.

Best cake is Nutella cake Best cake is Chocolate fudge Best cake is Chocolate malt
cake cake
It does not have a café. Also have a café named, Also have a café named,
‘Hobnob Café’. ‘Chatterbox’.

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

6.0 SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis for Sweet Cravings


Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

 Sweet Cravings offers  New entrant in  Bringing more  High competition


unique products. the market. unique products in market.
 Sweet Cravings offers  Strong in future.  Threats from new
products in a competition with  Heavy entrants.
reasonable price. Pie in the Sky. investment in
 Sweet Cravings  High brand R&D
promises maximum switching because Department.
quantity in minimum of many options
price. available in the
 Sweet Cravings market.
focuses on hygienic
environment in which
it makes its products.
 Sweet Cravings
provides consistent
quality to its
customers.

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6.1 Competitors’ Analysis

Delizia Pie in the Sky Hobnob

Strengths The strong affiliation that  New and different Strong loyal
cakes and pastries hold with varieties of cakes and
customer/menu
celebratory occasions and pastry or bread have
gifting makes exclusive and been introduced- options/variety/able to
premium positioning easier benefit of product
provide healthy options
to convey / cheap in price. differentiation.
 Experienced staff is to customers/analysis of
hired who is expertise market.
staff.

Weaknesses  New in this industry. Financing: however Poor service in home


 Lack of presence in unforeseen expenditure or
delivery/lack of
emerging markets poor sales will threaten cash
means low brand position. managerial depth n
awareness. talent/below average
marketing skills.

Opportunities  Scope for expansion  Expansion of product 1000 consumers


is high with respect line in future with the
daily/external conditions
to menu and introduction of more
locations. bakery products. that are helpful for
 Focus more on kids  Scope for expansion achieving the objective.
and youngsters. with the
establishment of our
bakery.
 Growing concern for
health and freshly
made cakes and
breads.

Threats  Stiff competition Local competition: existing Pie in the sky is the
from competitors and potential. major threat/external
offering similar threat.
products.
 Major threats are
PIE IN THE SKY,

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RED RIDING
HOOD and hobnob.

Strategy At Delizia we serve you Just like the delicious To give our customers
with premium quality baked ingredients put in to making the most authentic &
goods made with love using the perfect piece of pie, artisan bakery experience
carefully sourced many ingredients have gone at the best price. Whether
ingredients, blended in our in to making us the you want bread for
special recipes that keep us irresistible bakery we are! breakfast, quick bites for
just ‘That’ step ahead of the Here’s our recipe! Pie in the tea, a celebration cake, or
rest. Sky is proud to use only the a cookie, we are just
highest quality ingredients in around the corner to
products. From sweet to make every day special.
savory, we have built our
reputation by offering quality
in all our items.

Price Differentiation  Products: Cakes,  Products: Cakes,  Products: Cakes,


cupcakes and sandwiches, brownies, tarts,
brownies brownies, pie, bread cookies, patties,
 Price Range of  Price range of desserts
brownies and brownies: From 90 –  Price Range of
cupcakes: From 80 – 125 cupcakes and
120  Price range of cakes: brownies: From
 Price Range of from 890 - 1550 80 – 110
cakes: From 1000 -  Price Range of
2200 cakes: From 800
– 1300

6.2 Market Based View (MBV)

Market based view (MBV) of strategy designs the company policies and strategy based on the

trends and the nature of the industry's environment. It helps in selecting the market combination

for the product, in which the company utilizes its strategy. The strategy helps in designing the

structure and strategy of the company based on the market analysis of the industry.

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6.3 Competitive Advantages from A Customer’s Perspective

Buying Criteria Weight Performance Compared to Strongest Competitor Weighted Score


(0 = About the same, 1 = Better, 2 = Much Better)

0 1 2

Unique Taste 15 30

Product Quality 25 50

Brand Image 10 10

Price 10 10

Assortment 5 5

Innovative 15 30

Attractive Packaging 10 20

Need Satisfaction 10 20

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6.4 Product Life Cycle

6.5 Market Characteristics across the Product Life Cycle

Differences based on:

 Price

 Geographic Segmentation

 Cost

 Innovation

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7.0 The Hexagon

Who? Sweet Cravings What? Sweet Cravings is a


bakeshop offering Brigadeiro
tarts to its customers.
Slogan: Piece Bara Tart Hai.
Color Theme: Pink and Purple

Where? Iqra University


When? 19th April’18
EDC Campus.

Why? How?
 New Combination: Sweet  A Brazilian dessert, It is a
Cravings will be combining unique combination
the two most wanted things away from regular cakes
‘Oreos’ and ‘Dark and cupcake style
Chocolate’, to give you a desserts out there.
unique taste.  99.9% Hygiene
 Trend Followers: Sweet guaranteed
Cravings will be setting a  Reasonable Price
new trend, as people love  Huge portions for a
to try new things and they reasonable price
love to follow the trend, so  Satisfaction
they definitely going to try
out Sweet Cravings’
Brigadeiro Tarts.
 Chocolate Lovers:
Chocolate lovers will
definitely give this
chocolaty dessert a try.

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8.0 Perceptual Map

Graph 1

Sweet
Sweet
Cravings
Cravings Delizia

Quality
Hobnob

Price

Graph 2

Sweet
Cravings
Delizia
Hygiene
Hobnob
Factor

Price

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Marketing Plan Sweet Cravings Entrepreneurship I / 2018

Graph 3

Sweet
Cravings

Uniqueness Pie in
the Sky

Hobnob

Price

Graph 4

Sweet
Cravings

Quantity
Hobnob

Pie in
the Sky

Price

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9.0 Ansoff’s Matrix

PRODUCTS
Existing New

Market Penetration Strategy Product Development Strategy


Existing

 Fondant Cakes
 Brigadeiro Tarts
 Mocktails
 Iqra University  Pizza
 Pasta
 Iqra University
MARKETS

MARKETS

Market Development Strategy Diversification Strategy


New

 Clothing
 Brigadeiro Tarts
 Bahadurabad
 Bahadurabad

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9.1 Conglomerate Diversification Strategy

In business, a conglomerate is a company involved in multiple lines of business that have little

relationship to one another. One well-known example is Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway,

which owns companies as varied as utilities, newspapers, food processors and furniture stores.

Conglomerate diversity, then, refers to diversification by entering entirely new and unrelated

lines of business.

9.2 Marketing Mix Price

Competitive Pricing:
Competitive pricing is setting the price of a product or service based on what the competition is
charging. This pricing method is used more often by businesses selling similar products, since
services can vary from business to business, while the attributes of a product remain similar.

9.3 Packaging Strategy

Sweet Cravings uses simple packaging.

Mixed Bundling:

A strategy observed by managerial economists that increases profits for business is mixed

bundling. Mixed bundling allows customers to purchase the goods either together as a bundle or

separately.

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10.0 Brand Development Strategy

Product Category
Existing New

Line Extension Brand Extension


Existing

 Pastries & Puffs  Café Delizioso


Brand Name

MARKETS

Multi Brands New Brands


New

 Tango
 Mocktails
 Pasta
 Pizza

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10.1 Costing

Capital: Rs.6000

Raw Materials (Inventory): 2500

Ingredients: 2000

Advertising: Expense: 1000

Miscellaneous Expenses: 500

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11.0 Conclusion & Recommendation


We have learned from this experience that starting a business or being an entrepreneur is not a

difficult task, all it requires is your will and your passion towards achieving your objective. Just

like this, we have been successful in setting up our own bake shop named ‘Sweet Cravings’ and

we hope to expand our business in future. If you want to be an ‘Entrepreneur’ and you have a

good idea take the plunge and with your hard work and sacrifice you will achieve your goals.

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References:

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/geographic-segmentation.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karachi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Karachi

http://qa.answers.com/Q/Example_of_Behavioral_Segmentation

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-demographic-segmentation-in-marketing-definition-

advantages-disadvantages.html

https://www.google.com.pk/amp/www.getbrandwise.com/branding-blog/bid/18622/What-are-

marketing-psychographics%3fhs_amp=true

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/differentiated-marketing.html

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter.asp#ixzz5BvjJzbCq

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/macro-environment.asp

https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---pestel-analysis

https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/difference-between-conglomerate-concentric-diversity-

24681.html

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/competitive-pricing.asp#ixzz5CqzC3oVS

http://www.dummies.com/education/economics/how-to-use-mixed-bundling-to-increase-profits/

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/business/resource-based-and-market-based-view-of-strategy-

business-essay.php

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