General Surgery

(Includes Orthopedics [I] and Anesthesiology [II])

th th
Refer: Bailey & Love’s Short Practice of Surgery: 26 Edition/ Essential Orthopedics; Maheshwari and Mhaskar: 5 Edition

KEY
*- paper I

Part One: Principles

CHAPTER- 1: METABOLIC RESPONSE TO INJURY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 MODS

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-2: SHOCK AND BLOOD TRANSFUSION

ESSAYS:

 Definition and types of shock. Discuss etiology, pathophysiology and management of septic
shock
 Hemorrhage (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

 Autotransfusion*
 Complications of blood transfusion*
 Rh incompatibility*
 Septic shock

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Indications of blood transfusion

CHAPTER-3: WOUNDS, TISSUE REPAIR AND SCARS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Hypertrophic scar*
 Ulcer edge
 keloid
 factors influencing wound healing

SHORT ANSWERS:

 differences between keloid and hypertrophic scar

 factors influencing wound healing

CHAPTER-4: BASIC SURGICAL SKILLS AND ANASTOMOSIS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-5: SURGICAL INFECTION

ESSAYS:

 describe etiology and period of onset, clinical features and treatment of tetanus.

SHORT NOTES:

 AIDS
 MRSA
 Tetanus
 Universal precaution

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Surgical complications of typhoid

CHAPTER-6: SURGERY IN THE TROPICS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

 Cold abscess
 Collar stud abscess. *
 Tuberculous lymphadenitis*

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-7: PRINCIPLES OF LAPAROSCOPIC AND ROBOTIC SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-8: PRINCIPLES OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY

ESSAYS:

 Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of undescended testis.

SHORT NOTES:

 Congenital pyloric stenosis

 Undescended testis
 Paraphimosis
 phymosis
 hypospadiasis
 Meconium peritonitis

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Phimosis
 Torsion testis
 Paraphimosis
CHAPTER-9: PRINCIPLES OF ONCOLOGY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 retroperitoneal tumors
 tumor markers

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Name four sarcomas which spread by the lymphatic route

 Neoadjuvant therapy*
 Radio-responsive tumors

CHAPTER-10: SURGICAL AUDIT AND CLINICAL RESEARCH

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-11: SURGICAL ETHICS AND LAW

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-12: PATIENT SAFETY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Part Two: Investigations and Diagnosis

CHAPTER-13: DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Ultrasonography.
 Duplex scan
 Radioactive iodine
 Computed Tomography
 MRI
 Barium enema
 Color Doppler in peripheral vascular diseases
 Intra venous pyelography

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Radioactive iodine
 Radioisotopes in diagnosis of surgical conditions

CHAPTER-14: GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Laparoscopy
 colonoscopy

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-15: TISSUE DIAGNOSIS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 FNAC

SHORT ANSWERS:

 FNAC
 Excision biopsy
Part Three: Perioperative care

CHAPTER- 16: PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-17: ANESTHESIA AND PAIN RELIEF

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Endotracheal tube

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-18: CARE IN THE OPERATING ROOM

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-19: PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF HIGH-RISK SURGICAL PATIENT

ESSAYS:

SHORT NOTES:

SHORT ANSWERS:

CHAPTER-20: NUTRITION AND FLUID THERAPY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Enteral nutrition
 Volume expanders

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-21: POST-OPERATIVE CARE

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-22: DAY CASE SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Day care surgery

SHORT ANSWERS:

 day care surgery

Part Four: Trauma

CHAPTER-23: INTRODUCTION TO TRAUMA

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 reactionary hemorrhage
 management of airway of an unconscious patient

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-24: EARLY ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMA

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-25: EMERGENCY NEUROSURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Glasgow coma scale **

 Extradural hematoma
 Subdural hematoma

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Glasgow coma scale

CHAPTER-26: NECK AND SPINE

ESSAYS:

 Describe the management and clinical features of secondaries in neck.

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Cystic hygroma*
 Branches of external carotid

CHAPTER-27: MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-28: TORSO TRAUMA

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Inhalation injury
 Flail chest****
  Hemopneumothorax
 Pneumothorax
 Cervical rib
 Empyema thoracis
 Pancoast tumor (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

 pneumothorax

CHAPTER-29: EXTREMITY TRAUMA

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-30: BURNS

ESSAYS:

 Discuss the pathophysiology of burns. How do you manage a patient with 30% burns? Add a
note of post burns sequalae. *

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Park land formula

CHAPTER-31: PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-32: DISASTER SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Crush syndrome **

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Part Five: Elective Orthopedics (refer the end of this set of questions)

Part Six: Skin and subcutaneous tissue

CHAPTER-42: SKIN AND SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE

ESSAYS:

 Discuss clinical features, clinical staging and treatment of malignant melanoma.

SHORT NOTES:

 Squamous cell carcinoma*

 Basal cell carcinoma*
 Rodent ulcer**
 Melanoma*
 Marjolin’s ulcer**
 Epidermal cyst*
 Split skin graft
 Pilonidal sinus
 Necrotizing fasciitis
 Carbuncle (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Rodent ulcer
 melanoma
 Kaposi sarcoma
Part Seven: Head and Neck

CHAPTER- 43: ELECTIVE NEUROSURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Neurofibroma
 Astrocytoma
 Barrey aneurysm
 Lucid interval

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Lucid interval

CHAPTER-44: THE EYE AND ORBIT

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Dermoid cyst

SHORT ANSWERS:

 exophthalmos

CHAPTER-45: CLEFT LIP AND PALATE : DEVELOPMENTAL ABNORMALITIES OF THE FACE , MOUTH AND JAWS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-46: THE NOSE AND SINUSES

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS:

 danger area of the face

CHAPTER-47: THE EAR

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-48: PHARYNX, LARYNX AND NECK

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Carotid body tumor.

 Thyroglossal cyst**
 Ludwig’s angina
 Branchial fistula

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-49: OROPHARYNGEAL CANCER

ESSAYS:

 Describe the pathology, clinical features, investigations and management of carcinoma of buccal
mucosa
 Discuss the etiology, pathology and surgical management of carcinoma tongue

SHORT NOTES:

 Premalignant lesions of oral cavity*

 DD of ulcer tongue
  Management of CA tongue
 Leukoplakia

SHORT ANSWERS:

 orocutaneous fistula
 sub-mucous fibrosis

CHAPTER-50: DISORDERS OF SALIVARY GLANDS

ESSAYS:

 Classify salivary neoplasms. Discuss in detail the clinical features, investigations and
management of pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland.
 Classify parotid tumors. How will you evaluate parotid swelling and what are the principles of
managing different malignant parotid tumors.

SHORT NOTES:

 Parotid abscess
 Warthin’s tumor
 Pleomorphic adenoma*
 Mixed parotid tumor

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Four premalignant conditions of the oral cavity

 Frey’s syndrome*
 Hydroadenitia suppurativa

Part Eight: Breast and Endocrine

CHAPTER-51: THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID GLANDS

ESSAYS:

 Describe clinical features, investigations and management of thyrotoxicosis. *

 Describe the diagnosis and management of a nodule in thyroid. *
 Describe in detail the clinical features and management of a multinodular goiter
 How will you classify goiters? What are the clinical types of thyrotoxicosis? What are the clinical
features of thyrotoxicosis? How will you manage thyrotoxicosis? What are the post-operative
complications of thyroidectomy?
  Discuss the etiology, pathology, clinical features and surgical management of parathyroid
adenoma.

SHORT NOTES:

 Calcitonin
 Thyroid storm
 Retrosternal goitre
 Parathyroid adenoma
 Autoimmune thyroiditis
 Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
 Papillary carcinoma thyroid
 Solitary thyroid nodule
 DD of hyperparathyroidism
 Post thyroidectomy complications
 Riedl’s thyroiditis

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Lingual thyroid*
 Trousseau’s sign
 Pretibial myxedema*
 Tetany
 Hypercalcemia
 Post-operative complications of thyroidectomy
 Antithyroid drugs

CHAPTER-52: THE ADRENAL GLANDS AND OTHER ABDOMINAL ENDOCRINE GLANDS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 pheochromocytoma

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Whipples triad
 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
CHAPTER-53: THE BREAST

ESSAYS:

1. Discuss the benign lesions of the breast and describe the clinical features, pathology and
management of Carcinoma of breast. **
2. Describe the surgical anatomy of the breast. Write the etiology, pathology, clinical features and
treatment of fibrodadenosis of the breast.

SHORT NOTES:

 Antibioma of the breast*

 Fibroadenoma of breast**
 Phylloides tumor*
 Mastalgia*
 Acute bacterial mastitis*
 Breast abscess
 Nipple retraction

SHORT ANSWERS:

 List out four investigations in a case of breast lump*

 Antibioma*
 Cysticercoma phylloides*
 ANDI*
 QUART*
 Breast abscess
 Trucut biopsy
 Triple assessment of breast lump
 Galactocele
 Mondor’s disease
 Lymphatic drainage of breast

Part Nine: Cardiothoracic

CHAPTER-54: CARDIAC SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 cardiac tamponade
SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-55: THE THORAX

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Bronchial cyst*
 Open chest injuries

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Pyothorax
 Adson’s test

Part Ten: Vascular

CHAPTER-56: ARTERIAL DISORDERS

ESSAYS:

 Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and management of Gas Gangrene

 Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and management of thromboangitis obliterans*

SHORT NOTES:

 Trophic ulcers
 Beurger’s disease
 Hemangioma
 Bed sores
 Coarctation of Aorta
 TAO
 Arterial emboli
 Gas gangrene
 Arteriovenous fistula

SHORT ANSWERS:

 intermittent claudication
 Four indications for amputation
 False aneurysm
  Raynaud’s disease
 Cirsoid aneurysm*
 Branham sign
 arteriogram
 guillotine amputation
 ankle systolic pressure index

CHAPTER-57: VENOUS DISORDERS

ESSAYS:

 Define and classify ulcers. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and
treatment of various ulcers secondary to vein valve incompetence. **
 Discuss the etiology of a unilateral swelling of lower limb. What are the various clinical tests you
would perform in varicose veins of the lower limb? Briefly outline the pathology and
management of varicose ulcer.

SHORT NOTES:

 Varicose ulcer**
 Deep vein thrombosis*

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Venous ulcer
 Varicose veins complications
 Sclerosing agents
 Saphena varix
 Deep vein thrombosis

CHAPTER-58: LYMPHATIC DISORDERS

ESSAYS:

 Discuss the causes of lymphedema. What are the types of lymphedema? Describe the stages
and management of Filarial Lymphedema.

SHORT NOTES:

 Lymph cyst
 Hodgkin’s lymphoma
SHORT ANSWERS: ---

Part Eleven: Abdominal

CHAPTER-59: HISTORY AND EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-60: ABDOMINAL WALL , HERNIA AND UMBILICUS

ESSAYS:

 Discuss the complication of inguinal hernia and diagnosis and treatment of strangulated inguinal
hernia.

SHORT NOTES:

 Femoral hernia
 Epigastric hernia
 Spigelian hernia
 Fatty hernia of the linea alba
 Hiatus hernia
 Incisional hernia
 Umbilical hernia
 Desmoid tumor

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Reichter’s hernia
 Desmoid tumor
 Spigelian hernia
 Surgical anatomy of inguinal canal
CHAPTER-61: THE PERITONEUM , OMENTUM , MESENTERY AND RETROPERITONEAL SPACE

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Peritonitis
 Mesenteric cyst
 Sub diaphragmatic abscess

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Foramen of Winslow
 Stages of peritonitis

CHAPTER-62: THE ESOPHAGUS

ESSAYS:

 Discus the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of carcinoma of esophagus.
 Enumerate the causes of hematemesis. Discuss its management.
 Esophageal atresia (TKMC)

SHORT NOTES:

 Achalasia cardia
 Plummer Vinson syndrome

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-63: STOMACH AND DUODENUM

ESSAYS:

 Describe the surgical anatomy of the stomach. Discuss the etiopathology, clinical features,
investigations and treatment of carcinoma of stomach. *
 Describe the lymphatic drainage of stomach and discuss the clinical features, evaluation and
management of Linitis Plastica.
 Describe the surgical anatomy of stomach. Describe the etiology, pathology, clinical features
investigations and management of benign gastric ulcer.
 Mention the causes of acute upper GI bleed. How will you investigate and manage a patient of
bleeding duodenal ulcer? *
  What are the causes of hematemesis? How do you manage a case of hematemesis secondary to
bleeding peptic ulcer?

SHORT NOTES:

 Duodenal ulcer
 Complications of gastrectomy
 Peptic ulcer
 Early gastric cancer
 H. pylori

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Hour glass stomach

 Linitis plastica
 Troisier sign

CHAPTER-64: BARIATRIC SURGERY

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES: ---

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-65: THE LIVER

ESSAYS:

 Mention the main functions of the liver. What are the routinely available tests of liver function?
Discuss the clinical features and management of amoebic liver abscess.
 Describe the etiology of obstructive jaundice. Discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and
management of stone in the Common bile duct.
 Classify the causes of obstructive jaundice. Describe the investigations used in diagnosis.
 Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of hydatid cyst of the
liver.

SHORT NOTES:

 Hydatid cyst of liver. *

 Hepatitis B
 Sengstaken tube
SHORT ANSWERS:

 Hydatid cyst
 Esophageal varices
 Sites of portosystemic anastomoses

CHAPTER-66: THE SPLEEN

ESSAYS:

 Enumerate the causes of hemoperitoneum. Discuss the clinical features and diagnosis and
management of ruptured spleen

SHORT NOTES:

 Splenic injury
 Post splenectomy complications

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-67: THE GALL BLADDER AND BILE DUCT

ESSAYS:

 Briefly describe the surgical anatomy of the gall bladder. Discuss the clinical features,
investigations and treatment of acute cholecystitis in clinical practice.

SHORT NOTES:

 Mucocele of gall bladder

 Choledochal cyst
 Cholangiocarcinoma
 Gall stone ileus
 Gall stone
 Cholelithiasis
 Biliary stones

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Calot’s sign
 Murphy’s sign
 Complications of gall stones
 Courvoisier’s law
CHAPTER-68: THE PANCREAS

ESSAYS:

 Describe tumors of pancreas. Discuss clinical features, investigation and management of

Carcinoma of head of pancreas

SHORT NOTES:

 Pancreatic pseudocyst **
 Acute pancreatitis
 Ranson’s criteria

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-69: THE SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES

ESSAYS:

 Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, evaluation and management of ileo-
cecal tuberculosis*
 Discuss the etiology, pathology and surgical management of sigmoid volvulus. *
 Describe the differential diagnosis of lump in the right iliac fossa. Discuss the clinical features,
diagnosis and management of carcinoma cecum.

SHORT NOTES:

 Meckel diverticulum
 Peutz- Jeghers syndrome*
 Colostomy*
 Causes of upper GI bleed

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Meckel’s diverticulum*
 Predisposing factors of sigmoid volvulus
 colostomy
 treatment of paralytic ileus
CHAPTER-70: INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

ESSAYS:

 Etiology, pathology, clinical features and management of acute intestinal obstruction.

SHORT NOTES:

 intussusception
 Pseudo-intestinal obstruction

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-71: THE VERMIFORM APPENDIX

ESSAYS:

 Describe the various positions of vermiform appendix. Describe, etiology, pathology,

investigations, clinical features and treatment of appendicular lump.

SHORT NOTES:

 Appendicular abscess
 Appendicular mass

SHORT ANSWERS:

 Complication of a perforate appendix

CHAPTER-72: THE RECTUM

ESSAYS:

 etiology, pathology, clinical features and management of carcinoma rectum.

SHORT NOTES:

 rectal prolapse*
 ischiorectal abscess
 rectal polyp

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-73: THE ANUS AND ANAL CANAL

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 Fistula in ano**
 hemorrhoids

SHORT ANSWERS:

 prolapse piles

Part Twelve: Genitourinary

CHAPTER-74: URINARY SYMPTOMS AND INVESTIGATIONS

ESSAYS: ---

SHORT NOTES:

 hematuriaº
 Intravenous pyelogram (TKMC)

SHORT ANSWERS: ---

CHAPTER-75: THE KIDNEYS AND URETERS

ESSAYS:

 Classify neoplasms of kidney. Discuss the clinical presentations of diagnosis and management of
hypernephroma
 Discuss the clinical features, investigations and management of hydronephrosis.
 Discuss the etiology, varieties and clinical features of renal calculi. Give a brief account on the
investigation and treatment of a calculus in the renal pelvis.
 Enumerate the etiopathology and clinical features of renal stones. Discuss the recent trends in
management of urolithiasis.
 Describe the surgical anatomy of the kidney. Write about etiology, clinical features and
treatment of renal tuberculosis.
 Discus pathology and management of Wilm’s tumor
SHORT NOTES:

 Dietl’s crisis
 hypernephroma
 causes of urinary retention
 Wilm’s tumor

SHORT ANSWERS:

 horse shoe kidney

 ESWL
 Stag-horn calculi

CHAPTER-76: THE URINARY BLADDER

ESSAYS:

 What are the types of ruptures of urinary bladder? Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and
management. *

SHORT NOTES:

 vesical calculus *

SHORT ANSWERS:

 indications for urinary diverstion

CHAPTER-77: THE PROSTATE AND SEMINAL VESICLES

ESSAYS:

 what are the causes of retention of urine? Discuss the clinical features and management of BPH.

SHORT NOTES:

 CA prostate
 Prostate specific antigen

SHORT ANSWERS:
CHAPTER-78: URETHRA AND PENIS

ESSAYS:

 Pathology, surgical management of carcinoma of penis

SHORT NOTES:

 Lymphogranuloma venerium
 Gumma
 Circumcision
 Etiological factors in CA penis

SHORT ANSWERS:

 four premalignant conditions of penile swelling

CHAPTER-79: TESTIS AND SCROTUM

ESSAYS:

 classify testicular tumor. Etiopathology, clinical features, investigation and management of

teratoma. *
 name the various causes of scrotal swelling. Describe the clinical features and management of
seminoma testis.
 how do you classify testicular tumors? Discuss pathology, clinical features and management of
seminoma and teratoma.

SHORT NOTES:

 torsion testis*
 spermatocele
 seminoma testis
 hydrocele
 congenital hydrocele

SHORT ANSWERS:

 epididymal cyst
 orchitis
 seminoma
CHAPTER-80: GYNECOLOGY

ESSAYS:

SHORT NOTES:

 vasectomy

SHORT ANSWERS:

MISCELLANEOUS

SHORT NOTES: SHORT ANSWERS:

 Carcinoid tumors. * *  Differences between transudate and
 Ganglion exudate
 Disinfection  Dentigerous cyst
 Post-operative care for abdominal  Indications for using removac suction drain
surgeries  Paronychia**
 Ranula  Umbilical granuloma
 Alveolar abscess  In grown toe nail
 Dental cyst  Flaps
 Peripheral nerve injury  Milian’s ear sign
 Hemangioma  Tinel’s sign
 epithelioma  Lipoma of cord
 pyronie’s disease  Dercum’s disease
 tongue tie  Points to identify facial nerve during
 adamantinoma surgery
 metabolic acidosis  Lipoma
 Madura foot  Surgery in a diabetic patient
 Apudomas  Ryles tube
 Wrist drop  Oxygen theraphy
 Allen’s test  Ventilators in ICU
 CPR  Difference between transudate and
 Deep palmar abscess exudate
 Lumbar sympathectomy  Types of suture material
ESSENTIAL ORTHOPEDICS

ESSAYS:

 Enumerate the fractures and dislocations caused by a fall on the outstretched hand. Describe
the clinical features, complications and management of supracondylar fracture of humerus in a
child. * **
 Mention the common injuries around the elbow region. Describe the types, mechanism, clinical
features, radiological features, treatment and complications of supracondylar fracture of
humerus.
 Describe various injuries around the elbow joint. Discuss in detail the diagnosis and
management of supracondylar fracture of humerus.
 What are the fractures caused by fall on an outstretched hand? Describe the clinical features
treatment and complications of Colle’s fracture. * **
 Discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations and management of Trochanteric
Fracture of femur **
 Discuss the etiology, mechanism, clinical features and fracture of neck of femur. ***
 Discuss the mechanism, classification and management of ankle fractures
 Discus the classification, clinical features, complications and management of dislocation of
shoulder. *
 Classify traumatic dislocations of the hip. Describe the mode of injury. Outline the principles of
management of each type. *
 Define and classify osteomyelitis. Describe pathogenesis, clinical features, complications and
management of chronic nonspecific osteomyelitis.
 Classify bone tumors. Discuss in details about the clinical features, investigations and
management of osteoclastoma.
 Describe the clinical features and management of osteogenic sarcoma of lower end of femur.
Add a note on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. **
 Classify bone tumors. Discuss in detail clinical features, investigations and management of
Ewing’s sarcoma.
 Describe the clinical features, manifestations and complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
 Discuss the etiology, pathological anatomy and clinical features of genus valgum in a 13 year old.
Add a note on management.
SHORT NOTES:

 Ewing’s tumor**  Malunion*

 Bone grafting *  Non union
 Ostechondroma  osteoporosis
 Cubitus varus  Nerve injuries
 Osteosarcoma**  Plantar fasciitis
 Clavicle fracture  Sequestrum **
 Carpal tunnel syndrome*  Septic arthritis*
 Pathological fracture. *  TB spine
 Hemarthrosis  Tuberculous arthritis
 Osteomyelitis**  Spina bifida
 Gouty arthritis*  Meningo myelocele
 Posterior dislocation of hip  Monteggia fracture*
 Osteoid osteoma*  CTEV** ****
 Fracture talus  Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
 Compound fracture  Ruptured tendoachilles
 Rheumatoid arthritis  spondylolysthesis
 Supracondylar fracture of humerus  Frozen shoulder.
 Perthe's disease  Colle’s fracture * ***
 Kienboch disease  Wrist drop*
 Thomas splint  Tinel’s sign
 Ankylosis  Radial nerve injury
 Metastatic bone disease  Golfer’s elbow
 Arthroscopy  TB knee
 Complications and radiology of Paget’s  Classification of compound fracture.
disease **  Knock knee
 Claw hand* ***  Tardy ulnar nerve palsy
 Chondrosarcoma  Ulnar nerve palsy
 Osteoclastoma* *  Psoas abscess
 Volkmann’s ischemic contracture*  Bennet’s fracture
 Madura foot  Plaster of Paris * *
 Chronic osteomyelitis* *  Tubercular synovitis.
 Shoulder dislocation**  Myositis ossificans *
 Patellar fracture*  Bone secondaries
 Saturday night palsy  Codman’s triangle
 Genu valgum *  Morant Baker’s cyst
 Brodie's abscess  Kocher’s maneuver
 adamantinoma  Tennis elbow *
 Osteomyelitis*  Giant cell tumor
 External fixation  Neuropathic joint
 Ganglia **  Acute compartment syndrome
 Foot drop *
SHORT ANSWERS:

 Spondylolysis  Quadriceps contusion vs. quadriceps

 Spondylolisthesis rupture
 Pott’s disease of the spine 
 Galeazzi sign  Nerve injured in medial epicondylitis
 Gibbus deformity  Nerve injured in tennis elbow
 Cervical collar  Nerve injured in fracture shaft of humerus
 Ortolani test*  Nerve injured in supracondylar fracture of
 Pes planus humerus
 Pes cavus  Osteochondritis of femoral head
 Mallet finger  Osteochondritis of lunate bone
 Ilizarov fixator  Deformity in anterior dislocation of hip
 Nonunion*  Deformity in posterior dislocation of hip
 Mal-union*  Deformity in Colle’s fracture
 Synovial membrane  Deformity in Monteggia fracture
 Ankle joint  Deformities in talipes equino varus and
 Shoulder dislocation talipes equino valgus
 Epiphyseal injury*  Ape thumb deformity
 Ankylosis  Dupuytren’s contracture
 Hemarthrosis  Erb’s palsy
 Ulnar paradox  Neuropraxia
 Dequervian’s teno synovitis. *  Septic arthritis
 lipoma  Features of giant cell tumors
 Exostosis  Hypertrophic non union
 Bone secondaries  Exostosis
 Genu valgum  Neuropathic joint
 Tardy ulnar palsy  Osteochondroma
 Phantom limb  Brodie’s abscess
 Calcaneal spur  Plaster of Paris
 Ganglion  Torticollis
 Bryant’s triangle  orthosis
 Webbed space of hand
ANESTHESIOLOGY

SHORT NOTES:

 Epidural anesthesia
 Stages of Ether anesthesia
 Spinal anesthesia
 Post spinal anesthesia headache
 Nitrous oxide
 Pancuronium bromide
 Endotracheal intubation
 Local anesthesia
 Field block anesthesia
 Regional anesthesia
 Nerve block
 Bupivacaine
 IV anesthesia
 Ankle block
 Muscle relaxants
 Preparation of patient for general anesthesia
 Endotracheal anesthesia
 Lidocaine
 Pulse oximeter
 Boyles apparatus
 Digital block
 Lumbar puncture
 Succinyl choline

SHORT ANSWERS

 Common local anesthetic techniques

 sensorcaine