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Apart from due emphases on governance issues and implementation framework, some
distinct features of the policy are mentioned as under:
1) Dakar EFA Goals and MDGs relating to Education shall be achieved by 2015.
2) Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) and encouraging inclusive and
child-friendly education.
3) Primary education official age shall be 6 to 10 years.
4) Universal and Free Primary Education including all education related costs.
5) Equity in Education (gender, geographical Urban-Rural areas) shall be promoted.
6) Maximum age limit shall be waived off for recruitment of female teachers.
7) Well- developed plans for expanding school basic facilities shall be prepared.
8) Grades 11 and 12 shall not be part of the college education and merged into the school
education.
9) Access will be extended by ensuring availability of TVE at district and tehsil levels.
Relevance to Labor Market shall be ensured.
10) Enrolment in higher education sector shall be raised from existing 4.7 percent to 10
percent by 2015 and 15 percent by 2020.
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1) A Bachelor’s degree, with a B.Ed. shall be the requirement for teaching at the
elementary level. PTC and CT shall be phased out through encouraging the present set
of teachers to improve their qualifications, while new hiring shall be based on the
advanced criteria.
2) Curriculum development shall be objective driven and outcome based. The curriculum
development and review process shall be standardized and institutionalized.
3) Investment on higher education shall be gradually increased to 20 percent of the
education budget, on the assumption that the total education budget grows to 7
percent of GDP by 2015.
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2) Personality development.
3) Equality in education.
4) Universal education.
9) Policy aimed at “eradicating illiteracy within the shortest possible time through
universalization of elementary education and a massive adult education programme.
10) Equalizing access to education through provision of special facilities for women.
12) Policy declared that education will be made free and universal up to class x for all
children throughout the country in both government and privately-managed schools.
13) Private schools will be suitably supported for the loss of fees incurred by them.
15) The Policy proposed to construct 61,000 additional class-rooms for primary classes, train
150,000 teachers, and recruit an additional 75,000 teachers through the National
Literacy Corps.
16) The 1972 Policy identified 40 million adult illiterates in the country and declared that a
massive literacy program will be undertaken in every town.
17) Literacy centers will be established all over the country in schools, factories, farms,
union council halls and other community places.
18) A target of establishing 276,000 literacy centers to educate 11 million persons was fixed
for the period 1972-80.
19) The new Education Policy was finally adopted by the Cabinet on March 26, 1970.
Implementation:
This policy was a good approach towards betterment, but has many drawbacks due to
which it cannot be achieved thoroughly e.g. universal basic education, shift towards
agro technical studies etc.
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Objectives:
2) Building Confidence:
Teacher training builds confidence in the potential of teachers. A trained teacher can
essentially face the class with confidence. He is not timid or shy. He can tackle many odd
situations and he does not run away from problem situations.
A sort of brain wash is also done through training. It helps in building favorable towards
the teaching profession. During the course of training, many doubts of the teacher trainee's
stand removed. It results in creation of love and respect for teaching profession.
8) Improving Standards:
We are interested in raising the standards or the quality of education. A trained teacher
can be a great help in improving the quality of education and also in checking wastage.
process and products are not as advanced; and there is insufficient commitment to the
importance of research information to ensure funding for research and development
activities. Teacher educators should include research information in all three training
program components: general studies, the major field or the content that is taught, and the
professional education sequence.
Objectives:
(1) History and philosophy of education;
A pass requires just 2 years of study, and an honors degree 4. For the initial period the
curriculum is a mixture of compulsory subjects and specializations. After that, students
specialize completely. Thereafter, they may continue with more advanced study as they wish.
Some institutions like Lahore Pakistan University are ancient. Others are modern.
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Available via your university, private organizations, and the federal and state
Financial Aid government
Online Offered at the associate's, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degree levels;
Availability undergraduate and graduate certificate programs are also offered online
1) Associate Degree:
An associate degree is a kind of a tertiary education option which usually lasts for two
years and provides broad-based competency in a particular field. An associate degree can be
considered like an advanced diploma which is more academic than vocational and is offered by
a lot of colleges and universities across the world.
2) Bachelor’s Degree:
One of the most commonly picked tertiary level education option is a bachelor’s degree.
This is a standard university degree which takes about 3-4 years to complete and is a full time
study option. Bachelor’s degrees are mostly recognized worldwide and help an individual to
study a subject or subjects of his/her choice. Bachelor’s degrees are also referred to as
undergraduate or graduate level degrees.
4) Master’s Degree:
The next level which is an alternative to a graduate diploma is a master’s degree which
takes 1-2 years to complete. These are specialized courses which focus on mainly one major
field of interest and combine research and coursework.
5) Doctorate:
After completing master’s level education, one can proceed to study further and gain
more knowledge and skills of his/her area of study. Also known as PhD. Doctorate courses take
different time to complete in different nations and may also first require the candidate to
complete an M.Phil.
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Universities have different systems to educate the youth. Mainly there are two systems,
adopted in universe ties, semester system and annual system. In annual system, exams are
conducted after one educationalist year, while in semester system, exams are conducted after
5 or six months. There are many differences between annual and semester but here we are
going to discuss about advantages and disadvantages of semester system.
INTRODUCTION:
Education means “To bring about desirable changes in the behavior of individual
according to the demands and requirements of its concerned society”.
Educational technology plays an important and crucial role in making teaching learning
process more effective and successful. Educational Technologies are those
materials, procedures, organizations, ideas, devices, instruments or machines which make
the teaching learning process more effective, successful, and unforgettable.
1. Individualized Instruction:
Educational technology assists in individualizing instruction by enabling individuals to
use self-instructional programmes.