Problem 1

Determine the LRFD design strength and the ASD allowable strength of the section given below.

Properties of L152 x 89 x 9.5

Ag ≔ 2220 mm 2
t ≔ 9.53 mm

x ≔ 19.8 mm

A36 steel:
Fy ≔ 250 MPa Fu ≔ 400 MPa
Bolt

db ≔ 22 mm
Solution:

Tensile strength based on yielding on the gross section:

Pn ≔ Fy ⋅ Ag

Pn = 555 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.90 Ωt ≔ 1.67
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 499.5 kN ― = 332.335 kN
Ωt
Design Strength Allowable Strength

Tensile strength based on rupture on the net section:

Hole diameter, dh

dh ≔ db + 2 mm = 24 mm

Net area, An

An ≔ Ag - dh ⋅ t
An = 1991.28 mm 2
 Shear Lag Factor

case 2:

x = 19.8 mm

l ≔ 100 mm + 100 mm = 200 mm

x
U ≔ 1 - ―= 0.901
l
case 8:

U ≔ 0.60

Use U ≔ 0.901

Effective net area, Ae

Ae ≔ An ⋅ U
Ae = 1794.143 mm 2

Pn ≔ Fu ⋅ Ae

Pn = 717.657 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.75 Ωt ≔ 2
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 538.243 kN ― = 358.829 kN
Ωt
Yielding controls.
Problem 2

An MC230 x 35.6 is connected with 20 mm bolts as shown. A572 Grade 50 steel is used.
a. Determine the design strength.
b. Determine the allowable strength.

Properties of MC230 x 35.6

Ag ≔ 4530 mm 2 t ≔ 10.2 mm

x ≔ 24.9 mm

A572 Grade 50 steel

Fy ≔ 345 MPa Fu ≔ 450 MPa

Bolt
db ≔ 20 mm

Solution:

Yielding on the gross area.

Pn ≔ Fy ⋅ Ag = 1562.85 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.90 Ωt ≔ 1.67
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 1406.565 kN ― = 935.838 kN
Ωt
Rupture in the net section.

dh ≔ db + 2 mm = 22 mm

Net area, An

An1 ≔ Ag - 2 ⋅ dh ⋅ t = 4081.2 mm 2

s ≔ 65 mm g ≔ 65 mm
s2
An2 ≔ Ag - 3 ⋅ dh ⋅ t + 2 ⋅ ―― ⋅ t = 4188.3 mm 2
4g
An ≔ min ⎛⎝An1 , An2⎞⎠ = 4081.2 mm 2
 Shear Lag Factor,

case 2:

x = 24.9 mm

l ≔ 75 mm + 65 mm = 140 mm
x
U ≔ 1 - ―= 0.822
l
Effective net area, Ae

Ae ≔ An ⋅ U

Ae = 3355.329 mm 2

Pn ≔ Fu ⋅ Ae

Pn = 1509.898 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.75 Ωt ≔ 2
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 1132.424 kN ― = 754.949 kN
Ωt
Rupture Controls
Problem 3

The tension member shown in the figure is L152 x 89 x 7.9. The bolts are 20 mm in diameter, If A36
steel is used, is the member adequate for a service dead load of 140 kN and a service live load of 140
kN.
a. Use LRFD
b. Use ASD

Properties of L152 x 89 x 7.9

Ag ≔ 1860 mm 2

t ≔ 7.94 mm

A36 steel
Fy ≔ 248 MPa

Fu ≔ 400 MPa
All dimensions are in mm.
db ≔ 20 mm

D ≔ 140 kN L ≔ 140 kN

Solution:

Yielding on the gross section:

Pn ≔ Fy ⋅ Ag = 461.28 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.90 Ωt ≔ 1.67
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 415.152 kN ― = 276.216 kN
Ωt
Rupture in the net section.

dh ≔ db + 2 mm = 22 mm

Net area, An

s ≔ 40 mm
 g ≔ 50 mm + 60 mm - t

g = 102.06 mm
s2
An1 ≔ Ag - 3 ⋅ dh ⋅ t + ―― ⋅ t = 1367.079 mm 2
4g

An2 ≔ Ag - 2 ⋅ dh ⋅ t = 1510.64 mm 2

An ≔ min ⎛⎝An1 , An2⎞⎠ = ⎛⎝1.367 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

U ≔ 1.0 case 1

Ae ≔ An ⋅ U = ⎛⎝1.367 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ mm 2

Pn ≔ Fu ⋅ Ae

Pn = 546.832 kN

LRFD ASD

ϕt ≔ 0.75 Ωt ≔ 2
Pn
ϕt ⋅ Pn = 410.124 kN ― = 273.416 kN
Ωt
Factored Load, Pu Load, P

Pu ≔ 1.2 ⋅ D + 1.6 ⋅ L P≔D+L

Pu = 392 kN P = 280 kN

member is adequate since member is inadequate since

ϕt ⋅ Pn = 410.124 kN is Pn
― = 273.416 kN is less than
greater than Pu = 392 kN Ωt
P = 280 kN
Problem 4

The tension member is a PL10 x 140 of A242 steel. It is connected to a 10 mm thick gusset plate, also of
A242 steel, with 20 mm diameter bolts. Determine the nominal block shear strength of the tension
member.
Properties of PL10 x 140

t ≔ 10 mm

w ≔ 140 mm

A242 steel

Fy ≔ 345 MPa

Fu ≔ 480 MPa

Bolt
db ≔ 20 mm
 db 20 mm

Problem 5

A WT205 x 19.4 steel is used as a tension memebr. The connection is with 22 mm diameter bolts as
shown. Compute the nominal block shear strength.

Properties of WT205 x 19.4

Ag ≔ 2480 mm 2 tw ≔ 6.35 mm

d ≔ 199 mm

A992 steel

Fy ≔ 50 ksi

Fu ≔ 65 ksi

bolt
db ≔ 22 mm