Candies as Change: Awareness of Buyers to Exact Change Policy of the Philippines

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

The Problem and Its Background

Consumer’s always want the best products even it is cheap or expensive. They have quality

expectations in products that they want to buy. Customers expect to buy products that are healthy

and safe. Important to keep in mind that their expenses might be higher or lower. Consumers, are

the largest economic group affecting and affect by every public and economic decision. People

buy and consume goods and services every day and consumers is the central point of all marketing

activities. The part of consumers for safeguarding themselves is known as consumerism. It is an

outcome of sufferings and exploitation of the consumers by market forces. It is a challenge in the

consumer to purchase products when he/she enters to the market or a store. It is therefore necessary

for the consumers be aware of their legitimate rights during and after purchases (Ibarra & Revilla,

2014).

Under the Republic Act No. 10909, all business establishments are required to give the

exact amount of change to the consumers. They should not shortchange, which is defined as the

act of giving insufficient or no change to a consumer who purchased a product or service, even if

such change is only of a small amount. They also cannot give other forms of change like candy in
lieu of monetary change. But if they so desire, nothing prohibits them from giving an amount

greater than the exact change.

This becomes more relevant nowadays when most people get into business to make a

living. The prohibition on shortchanging applies to almost all types of businesses. In particular,

business establishment pertains to any person, natural or juridical, whether single proprietorship,

partnership or corporation, engaged in, or doing business in the Philippines, including government-

owned and – controlled corporations (GOCCs) and government entities exercising proprietary

functions. It applies also to informal and unregistered businesses, and those selling goods or

providing services regularly in a permanent place or stall or moving from one place to another

such as, but not limited to, ambulant vendors, peddlers, pedicabs, tricycle, e-trikes, “tiangge”.

To institutionalize the industry practice of giving exact change to consumers, RA No.

10909 imposes certain duties on the part of the establishment. Under the law, the business

establishment shall give exact amount of change to the consumer without waiting for the consumer

to ask for the same. The cashier or staff clerk or their equivalent, shall count the change in front of

the consumer and place the same on the hand of the consumer or on the change tray, whichever is

applicable. To add further measure of protection to consumers, business establishments are also

mandated to post notices in every counter to ensure/remind their cashiers to give exact amount of

change e.g. “Please demand for your exact change” or any language or literature to such effect.
 In order that consumers will know the exact price of the goods as well as the change that

they should receive, the law also requires establishments to use price tags, when appropriate,

indicating the exact retail price per unit or service, which already includes the taxes applicable to

the goods or services being offered. In addition, they should also issue Official Receipts or Sales

Invoices, as may be applicable, to the consumers.

On the other hand, the consumers must ensure that exact amount of change is received

immediately after every transaction. If not, any aggrieved consumer may report to the business

establishment’s consumer welfare desk all instances of short changing for immediate

action/remedy. He may also write and submit a letter of complaint to the Department of Trade and

Industry (DTI) not later than ten (10) working days after a violation has been committed. Failure

to submit the letter of complaint within the prescribed time shall be a ground for the dismissal of

the complaint.

This policy protect the interest of the consumer. Promote general welfare and establish

standards of conduct for business and industry. Protection against deceptive, unfair and

unconscionable sales acts and practices. Consumers need to protect from the unfair practices,

educating the rights, responsibilities and also redressing grievances. Consumer should know the

rights and responsibilities. Ignorance needs to be taken care on how to exercise rights and to seek

reliefs. A moral duty to the society and consumer should take steps which should prevent any sort
of exploitation like adulteration, unfair practices, defective product, fair price and weight.

Consumer protection laws are a form of government regulation that aim to protect the rights and

to the formation of consumer organizations, it helps consumers make better choices in the

marketplace. A protection covers a wide range of topics, but not necessarily limited to product

liability, privacy rights, unfair business practices, fraud, misrepresentation, and other

consumer/business interactions. It is way of preventing frauds and scams from service and sales.

Act provides a way for individuals to fight back (Emmanuel B. Moran, 2014).

Their rights are ignored sometimes and taken for granted, it is hard to speculate how many

Filipinos are aware of their rights as consumers. There are reasons why many consumers get a

poor treatment. Consumers don’t bother assert their rights enough that who are taking advantage

to them because there have no lack of information or bargaining the power. Canteen, Sari-Sari

Stores for example, are not giving candy currency without waiting for the consumer’s permission.

Consumers have to stand up for their rights, individually and collectively. Unless we do so, we

will continue being abused again, in pursuit of profits that are come out of every own pockets.

(Habilito, 2015). Hence, this was conducted to determine the awareness of consumers about their

right in “No Shortchanging Act”.

References

Emmanuel B. Moran, J. (2014, july 04). G.R. No. 192957. Retrieved from The LAWPHiL project arellano
law foundation: https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/sep2014/gr_192957_2014.html

Habilito, C. F. (2015, july 06). Asserting our consumer rights. Retrieved from INQUIRER. NET:
https://opinion.inquirer.net/98600/asserting-consumer-rights

Ibarra, V. C., & Revilla, C. D. (2014). CONSUMERS' AWARENESS ON THEIR EIGHT BASIC RIGHTS: A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FILIPINOS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND GUAM. International journal of
management and marketing research, 65-78.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aim the awareness of the consumer’s on their basic rights as an individual of the

community. Specially, it attempts to answer the following question:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

2. How many respondents are victim in candy currency?

3. What is the awareness of the respondent on no shortchanging policy?

4. How many respondents rejected candy currency?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The result of this study will be beneficial to the Academic Planner, Future Researcher and

Students in Angadanan Isabela. This study provides information to fight against the right of a

consumers to the malpractices of the seller. The study aims to benefit the following:
Academic Planner. This study will the basis of the effectiveness awareness in consumer act from

making choices. They had more information for their rights and also the consumer awareness is

referred as perception or understanding of their rights by consumers. It can be apply for their daily

live.

Future Researcher. The result can encourage the future researcher to conduct the same studies

and it will helps them to more knowledgeable about the thing that they want to know on knowing

the rights of the consumers and

Student. This study will encourage the students should make an appropriate choices so that they

know how to fight against their rights as consumer.

Hence this study is helpful to those government agencies. Department of Trade and

Industry and Non-Government Consumers and Buyers to be aware of the Consumer Act of the

Philippines among the buyers, seller, and consumers today.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

The study covers the level of awareness of consumers and seller on Consumer Act of the

Philippines. The researcher collected the answers using questionnaires and data analysis by using

descriptive method. If consumers fight for their rights as an individual particularly on the

acceptability of candy as change as data will be gathered to 50 selected consumers and sellers in
Angadanan, Isabela for Sy 2019-2020. Owing the aforementioned constraints findings are

applicable only to the areas that were covered by the study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For better understanding in the study, Researcher gave several terms that were defined

conceptually and operationally as used in the study.

Consumerism – use in the study, the part of the consumer safeguarding themselves.Consumerism

the consumer movements to protect their rights against the excesses of marketing. (Springer, 2008)

Grievances – use in the study the consumers protect from the unfair practice, educating their rights

and responsibilities. Grievances is any discontent or dissatisfaction to whether expressed ‘or not,

whether valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company which an employee

thinks, believes or even feels to be unfair, unjust or inequitable. (Jucius, 2017)

Marketplace – use in the study, a place where the consumers buy a goods and make a better

choices. Marketplace is a place where two parties can gather facilitate the exchange of goods and

services. The market may be physical like retail outlet, where people meet face-to-face, or virtual

like an outline market where there is no direct physical between buyers and sellers. (KENTON,

2019)
References
Emmanuel B. Moran, J. (2014, july 04). G.R. No. 192957. Retrieved from The LAWPHiL project arellano
law foundation: https://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2014/sep2014/gr_192957_2014.html

Habilito, C. F. (2015, july 06). Asserting our consumer rights. Retrieved from INQUIRER. NET:
https://opinion.inquirer.net/98600/asserting-consumer-rights

Ibarra, V. C., & Revilla, C. D. (2014). CONSUMERS' AWARENESS ON THEIR EIGHT BASIC RIGHTS: A
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FILIPINOS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND GUAM. International journal of
management and marketing research, 65-78.

Jucius, M. J. (2017, july 15). Sociology Discussion . Retrieved from sociologydiscussion.com:

www.sociologydiscussion.com/industrial-sociology/grievances-causes-effects-employess-
industries/3345

KENTON, W. (2019, july 15). Investopedia. Retrieved from investopedia.com:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market.asp

Springer, B. H. (2008, july 14). Springer link. Retrieved from link.springer.com:

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-642-28036-8_39
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

On Consumer Act of the Philippines

With the development of industries and trade to cater the needs of the consumers, a vast

market came into being where the aim of businessmen is only to get financial benefits from their

products or services. In this attempt, they take recourse of various means and modes like false and

imaginary advertisements, concealment of facts, adulteration etc. Consumers who are meant to be

“the kings”, the ones who are “always right” are often exploited in many ways such as-

 False weight and measures

 Sub standard quality
 More prices than MRP
 Duplicate articles
 Adulteration and impurity
 Lack of safety devices
 Creation of artificial scarcity in the market
 False and incomplete information
 Unsatisfactory after-sale services
 Candy Currency
 Misleading advertisements, etc.

Thus, to provide for better protection of the interests of consumers and for matters

connected therewith, the Consumer Protection Bill, 1986 was introduced. This Bill was passed by

the Parliament of India and came into form as Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (No. 68 of 1986).

The present law relating to consumer protection is contained in the Consumer Protection Act,
1986, the Consumer Protection Regulations, 2005 and the Consumer Protection Rules, 1987. The

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is the most progressive statute for consumer protection in India.

In General Manager, Telecom., BSNL vs. Krishnan (2003) the Kerala High Court declares that

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 was enacted with the objective of providing better protection

to the consumer. It provides a complete and comprehensive mechanism. The authorities

constituted under the Act perform judicial functions. Their orders are enforceable like the decree

passed by a Civil Court. The provisions of the Act must be liberally construed and given full effect.

The purpose of the Act is to-

 Promote consumer awareness,

 Promote and sustain discrimination and exploitation free competition in markets,
 Prevent unfair practices having unfavorable effect on competition,
 Protect and promote the rights of consumers,
Secure less expensive, summary and often speedy redressal of grievances.
To understand whether we fall under the purview of this Act, knowing the meaning of

Consumer as defined in the Act is important.

Who is a Consumer?

A consumer is someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather

than for resale or use in production and marketing.

According to the definition contained in the Act, a person to be a consumer of goods should

satisfy the following conditions-

 The goods are bought for consideration.

 Any person who uses the goods with the approval of the buyer is a consumer.
 Any person who obtains the goods for resale or commercial purposes is not a consumer.
Person buying goods for self-employment is a consumer.
 A person is a consumer of services if-

 The services are hired or availed of.

 Consideration is paid or payable.
 Beneficiary of services is also a consumer.

So, to be precise, we all are consumers whenever a need arises and we avail any paid

service or goods are purchased for the satisfaction of our needs, which are never-ending. The law

offers protection to consumers by recognizing few consumer rights and establishing Consumer

Protection Councils and other authorities for settlement of consumer’s disputes.

Consumer Rights

The Act recognizes following six consumer rights-

1) The right to be protected against marketing of goods which are hazardous to life and

property,

2) The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of

goods to protect the consumer against unfair trade practices,

3) The right to be assured, wherever possible, access to a variety of goods at competitive

prices,

4) The right to be heard and to be assured that consumers’ interests will receive due

consideration at appropriate forums,

5) The right to seek redressal against unfair trade practices or unscrupulous exploitation of

consumers and

6) The right to consumer education.

 Where there are rights, there are responsibilities also. The two go simultaneously. The

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 assigns the following responsibilities to the consumer for

protecting his own interests.

Consumer Responsibilities

1) It is the responsibility of the consumer to exercise his rights properly. He should enquire

about the product price, quality, after sale service etc. before making purchases.

2) A consumer should try to know the terms of sale, quality, warranty etc. before purchasing

anything.

3) Quality marks such as ISI Mark, AGMARK, ISO, HALLMARK, GREENMARK, FPO,

WOOLMARK, ECOMARK, BROWN MARK are some marks which consumers must see

before making purchases.

4) In case consumers are supplied wrong or duplicate product, inferior quality product etc. he

must file a complaint with the grievance redressal authority. This type of consciousness

among consumers will deter the sellers from selling unsuitable goods.

5) While making purchases, a consumer should insist on getting cash memos. The cash memo

becomes a basis of filing a grievance, if need arises.

6) Consumers should not be swayed by advertisements. They should compare the actual use

of product with the use shown in advertisements and if there is any discrepancy it must be

brought to the notice of the sponsors of the advertisement.

In order to protect the interests of consumers the Act provides for the establishment of

consumer protection councils at the central, state and district level which are advisory in nature.

The Act is designed to give speedy relief to the consumer at affordable cost. Hence, it provides for

a three-tier quasi-judicial redressal machinery at the district, state and national levels for redressal
of consumer grievances namely, District Forum, State Commission and National Commission

respectively.

All these information is equally important and beneficial for all people. Starting from the

very day of birth till death every person is a consumer. Consumer education and awareness must

be imparted at college level since college-going students are adults and supposedly possess good

amount of understanding by then. They can also pass on such knowledge and awareness to their

parents, relatives, neighbors etc. It is the duty of every citizen to know the laws of his/her country.

As the rule goes, “Ignorance of law is not an excuse”. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is

included in the Higher Secondary and Degree syllabus of Commerce stream only. This paper tries

to study the awareness level among the student consumers of Arts and Science stream and

emphasizes on the inclusion of the said Act in Higher Secondary/ Degree syllabus of all streams.

On Exact Change Policy

With Republic Act (RA) No. 10909, also known as the “No Shortchanging Act of 2016,”

and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) under the Department of Trade and Industry

(DTI) in the form of Department Administrative Order No. 16-03 Series of 2016, the practice of

shortchanging customers may soon be a thing of the past.

We have arranged the top things that you should know about the ‘No Shortchanging Act’

of the Philippines.

1. Providing sufficient change is now a legal responsibility.

Although shortchanging has been a practice ever since one can remember, businesses are

now legally obliged to provide the exact amount of change to the last centavo. This means that as
a business owner, you should be ready with your Philippine peso coins so you cannot use any

reason of not having the right denomination to complete the customer’s change.

2. Lacking loose bills or coins should not be an excuse.

It is understandable that during specific hours of the day especially in the morning, you

lack the bills or particular coin values to provide the exact change. However, the law states that

such excuse will not give you any exemptions – you must deliver the cent-per-cent amount by all

means.

3. It is better to provide excess change than give less.

The law also strongly suggests that in the event that you are made to choose between

providing excess change and change less than the amount due, you are legally bound to choose the

former. It is better to offer more than to shortchange the customers since as a law-abiding provider

of goods and services, it is your responsibility.

4. Giving candies instead of cent-worth change is no longer an accepted alternative.

Although some customers think of this as a treat, this practice common even across

generations of Filipino consumers should not be a substitute. The new law pointed out that this

should be stopped for the same reason – the exact monetary value must be provided and nothing

else.

5. Talking the customer out of it is prohibited.

RA 10909 also states that as a manager or staff of the business establishment, you should

NOT talk your way out of giving your customers the exact change that they deserve. No matter

how big or small the amount is, it is your obligation to find ways.

6. Encourage your customers to ask for their exact change.

 The new law further suggested that responsible business owners are expected to post a sign

that clearly encourages customers to actively take part in the implementation of the law by

demanding for the exact change. Printed signs should be located near the register where they can

be readily seen by the store patrons.

7. Follow the law or face penalties.

Since this law strictly provides different ways and means to stop the bad shortchanging

habits of the Filipino businessmen, the dos and don’ts are coupled with serious penalties for

violators.

Under R.A. 10909, all business establishments, including sari-sari stores and government-

owned and controlled corporations/government agencies performing proprietary functions; and

public utility vehicle (PUV) operators, drivers and conductors are mandated to give exact change

to consumers and are prohibited from giving other forms of change, like candy.

As what we have mentioned throughout this article, shortchanging has been a part of a

‘pinoy’ habit especially for small businesses. On the surface, one might think that shortchanging

is nothing serious and should just be understood as part of an interesting and harmless tradition.

However, Sen. Paolo Benigno “Bam” Aquino disagrees. During an announcement of the

passage of the new law, he emphasized that with RA 10909, the government will teach an

important lesson on the promotion of, “a culture of decency, integrity, and professionalism among

Filipino businesses”.

The senator believes that the eradication of this seemingly harmless habit of businesses can

be a game changer. He added that such practice will help Filipino businessmen in the future and

believing in good practices will aid in the growth of their establishment.

 Shortchanging is most common in ‘sari-sari’ stores and small scale business but it was

clearly stated that the new law will also cover big establishments including supermarkets and mall

merchandisers.

With all its intentions, RA 10909 is a promising law but the question still remains: will

Filipino business owners take this seriously? Will consumers be more forgiving and ignore

shortchanging just like what they always did?

The IRR outlines the responsibilities of the DTI, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),

Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR), Local Government Units (LGUs), Land Transportation

Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB), and other concerned government agencies for the

effective implementation of this Act and its IRR. Likewise, the IRR states the duties of both

business establishments and consumers in ensuring that the provisions of the Act are followed.

Under the law, business establishments are required to: give the exact amount of change

without waiting for the consumer to ask for it; when appropriate, use price tags for goods and price

listings for services being offered for sale; issue official receipts and sales invoices, as may be

applicable; post notices to remind cashiers to give exact change; and upon request, provide the

DTI with documents pertaining to the establishments’ gross sales for the day in order to verify or

dispute any alleged violation of the Act and for imposition of penalty, if applicable.

On the other hand, consumers have the duty to ensure that the exact amount of change is

received immediately after every transaction and to report any instances of shortchanging to the

business establishment’s consumer welfare desk or to write a letter of complaint to the DTI not

later than ten (10) working days after the violation was committed.
 Once a complaint is filed, the DTI shall conduct an investigation within 10 working days

from the date the complaint was received. Then the concerned officer shall issue notices/summons

requiring the business establishment or PUV operators and personnel to file their written answers

within 10 working days from receipt of the notice/summons. The decision and findings shall be

issued by the DTI officer not later than 30 days from receipt of the verified complaint or formal

charge.

Business establishments that are found to have violated the provisions of the Act shall be

liable to a penalty ranging from P500 to P25,000, or 3% to 10% of gross sales on the day of the

violation, whichever is higher.

Furthermore, the penalty for the third offense includes the suspension of the

establishment’s license to operate for three months, and its revocation for the fourth offense.

In addition to the above penalties, the total amount of change that the establishment failed

or refused to give, as determined from the audit of the DTI, shall be paid by the said establishment

to the complainant.

Since the term “business establishment” under the Act includes government-owned and

controlled corporations (GOCCs) or government entities exercising proprietary functions, even

government officials and employees in covered government entities shall be accountable for

violations of this Act without prejudice to the filing of anti-graft and/or criminal cases against

them.
 Others may question the penalty imposed for violations of the Act, such as fines, which

some may view as onerous, and the corresponding repercussions. However, it is good to note the

well-settled principle in law that the welfare of the public is the supreme law. The rule must stand

no matter how harsh the law may seem (Dura lex sed lex). In essence, the resounding message is

that in an equitable society, there is no room for deceit, profiteering, and shortchanging (Ongson,

2017).

On Studies about Consumer’s Awareness

A study was conducted by (Chaudhury, 2017) Consumer Awareness among College

Students. The paper aims at knowing the awareness level of students regarding the same and also

spread awareness in the attempt. Intends at putting forward the suggestion of the inclusion of

Consumer Protection Act in Higher Secondary/ Degree syllabus of all streams of the State Board/

University so as to help build a nation of responsible citizens who can lead a secured life, away

from the evil intentions of traders. Using a combination of quantitative research a sample size of

100 students has been taken through convenient random sampling method. The study has been

conducted among the Degree students of Arts and Science stream of a reputed Degree College of

Assam, located in Tezpur, district Sonitpur. The findings of the study are unsatisfactory with

regard to the awareness level of students as consumers. Some of the Degree level students do not

even know that they are consumers. Their knowledge tells them that only the one who pays for the
product/service is a consumer. Basically they have no idea that there is a clear difference between

a customer and a consumer. None of their respondents have the habit of checking the quality

assurance mark on the product they consume which clearly indicate that they are little aware of

the fact that there are many who offer duplicate and inferior quality products in the market which

might be hazardous to the health and even the life of consumers. It further concludes many factors

that trigger such exploitation include limited information, limited supplies in the market, limited

competition which creates monopoly and low literacy. The market variables cannot be controlled

by the consumers so the only way to protect themselves is to keep their eyes and ears open to

exploitation.

A study was conducted by (Ibarra, 2014) Consumer’s Awareness on their Eight Basic

Rights: A comparative study of Filipinos in the Philippines and Guam. The study considers

Filipino consumers living in two different places and the degree to which they are aware of the

eight basic consumer rights and whether there are significant differences in their level of

awareness. The researchers involved enumerators to conduct the survey during the given months.

Using quantitative research, their respondents were all 18 years old and above. The survey was

conducted to Guam were purposely selected based on their being a Filipino by birth or by blood.

Two hundred (200) questionnaires were distributed to household consumers. In the Philippines,

the survey was conducted in San Pablo City, the participants of the study composed of consumers

from four selected supermarkets in San Pablo City. The number of questionnaires used was limited
to 500. Findings revealed that show significant differences in the degree of awareness between the

two consumer groups on the three rights namely basic needs, information, and choose. It further

another study on consumers' constraints in exercising their rights and more study on their basis on

consumers’ awareness to the eight basic rights.

A study was conducted by (Singh, 2014). Aims of the study, the awareness about Consumer

Protection Act (CPA) and medical negligence among the faculty of medical and surgical

specialties of Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana and Govt. Medical College &

Hospital, Patiala. Using quantitative the study was conducted on 80 faculty members of Dayanand

Medical College &Hospital, Ludhiana, and Govt. Medical College & Hospital, Patiala (20 faculty

members from medical specialties and 20 faculty members from surgical specialties each from

Dayanand Medical College and Hospital and Govt. Medical College and Hospital, Patiala). The

study showed that there is no significant difference in the marks scored by the faculty members of

the medical specialties of the Private and Government Medical College. The Malpractice lawsuits

have become a major concern in patient care. Lack of updating knowledge by professionals

(medical and surgical), there is increased risk of litigation especially in cases with poor outcomes.

It is recommended that doctors must update their understanding on Consumer Protection Act and

medical negligence so as to be legally safe.

 A study conducted by (Oya Pinar Ardic, 2017). The paper also compiles

comprehensive information on laws and regulations relevant for consumer protection and

discusses a number of challenges related to empirical analyses of financial consumer

protection to enable cross-country comparison. Using Quantitative measures for financial

consumer protection are positively and significantly correlated with one another, suggesting

that once legislation is put in place, it normally covers most of the areas. The data set collected

through the survey provides information on a number of dimensions of financial consumer

protection across countries, the links between the scope of financial consumer protection

across countries and market outcomes, such as the level of financial access. The findings

indicate that although consumer protection legislation is in place in the majority of countries,

these do not necessarily address the issues specific to financial services. The study presents

further refinements are necessary to better capture the effectiveness of the implementation of

the existing financial consumer protection regulations. Importantly, a greater focus by

regulators on monitoring compliance and collecting data on consumer complaints and on how

they resolved can help inform public policy. Regulatory impact assessments at the country

level, including the impact on the users of financial services, on the cost to financial

institutions, are also an important component in determining the most effective approaches to

ensuring fair and transparent retail financial markets.

 A study was conducted by the (Ghana, 2014). A Review of Consumer Protection in the

Mobile Telecommunication Sector in Ghana. Aimed at discussing a particular sector, the

Telecommunication, to help develop a get an understanding and later a practical advocacy plan

for consumers within the sector in Ghana. Using the combination of quantitative- qualitative

approach, data was collected from the key players of the industry using survey and interview

technique. The Primary field data was collected using questionnaires to tease out information

from consumers to see how protected they feel and their willingness to seek redress. It was

decided to include in the population size both gender above 18 years. The sampled size reflected

both the poor and the rich and those whose we economic status was uncertain on the street of

Accra. The research find established that the obligations of service providers to the State partly

influence the business relationship between service providers and their subscribers. Some

important examples of the influence by the obligations of service providers to the State, through

the relationship expressed above, can be identified in the weight and kinds of tariffs charged on

services provided to subscribers. Others recommends that there should be an established

consumer forum. It should be a consistent forum that will address some of these key issues to

lessen the confusion that is being created by the networks including but not limited to preventing

fraud and crimes in the industry. By so doing, at least, people who have problems from the

networks can have access to them.

 A study was conducted by (Abedin, 2017). Aim of the study is to find out the practices of

consumer rights in the remote area of Bangladesh like Rangpur city. The three objectives were

set, in order to achieve the aforementioned aim of knowing the present status of consumer

rights in rangpur Bangladesh. The effect of consumer education and seller skills on getting

consumer rights. To develop and explore some probable solutions and recommendations are

to protect consumer right in Bangladesh. The study only conducted some selected market

based but there is huge number of market. The respondents are not interested to provide the

data in the questionnaire and sometime they provide data unconsciously; Most of the

consumers are not aware of the consumer rights. The seller is not skilled enough to provide

the consumer rights .In Rangpur city, Bangladesh, most of the sellers are very much unskilled

even they are not informed about consumer right. They always try to deceive the customer

and show monopolistic behavior. The seller always dominates the buyer and never considers

their opinions.

A study was conducted by (Mittal, 2015) Consumer Awareness about Different Consumer

Protection Legislations in India. Aim of the paper in the awareness level of consumers

towards carious consumer protection legislations enacted in India to protect the interest of

consumers. Besides the protection granted under Indian Constitution, the Indian Government

of India has passed a number of statutory regulations to and amended from time to time to put

more teeth into the enforcement machinery to ensure better protection of the consumers’
interests. Descriptive research design was adopted from the study. The data used in the present

study is quantitative resaerch which had been collected by using a structured questionnaire.

600 respondents of rural and urban areas of fifteen districts of Haryana were sampled.

Responses were analyzed by the help of Percentage, average, standard deviation, and one

sample t-test and presented by tables. It was concluded that among the 16 prominent consumer

protection legislations, nearly one fourth consumers were fully aware of these legislations.

The findings probably indicate that highly educated consumers tend to have more access to

information related to consumer related legislations and pay more attention to them. In spite

of various legislations enacted by government, it was consumers’ ignorance which was posing

the challenge for their proper implementation. The urban consumers had higher awareness

than rural consumers. It is interesting to note that majority of urban consumers had good

knowledge of redressal machinery but rural consumers were lacking behind it. Various

legislations enacted by government, it was consumers’ ignorance which was posing the

challenge for their proper implementation. Respondents also gave few suggestions when

asked for suggestions for better awareness and protection of consumers. Something needs to

be done for poor people as filing the case will increase the complications of their life.

A study conducted by (Sikka, Anup, Aradhya, Peter, & Acharya, 2011) Consumer

Protection Act – Awareness. Aimed of the study the health care services under Consumer

Protection Act, a spurt in litigations arising out of breach in medical/dental profession. It

 becomes imperative for health professionals to be aware of such laws assess and awareness

about Consumer Protection Act among dentists. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a

total of 224 dentists, 112 dentists in teaching institutions (DTI), from Manipal and Mangalore

and 112 dentists in private practice (DPP) from Udupi and Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The

findings that Males and females were equal in proportion there is no significant difference

was seen among DTI and DPP for awareness regarding various rules and regulations They

need to raise the awareness of health professionals about such laws so that their increased

professional concern and practice conforms to welfare of patients.

Synthesis

The related studies are relevant to the present study as all of the conducted researches dwell

and particularly on the awareness of consumers in the Consumer Act. All of the study dig out the

role of different factor in the consumers on their role as an individual of the country. The recent

study particularly deals on the Candies as Change: Awareness of Buyers in Consumer Act of the

Philippines. It discuss the effect if the consumers don’t know their rights, it is highly depends that

the consumer should have information on their rights. The present study identifies level of

awareness in candies change among the Angadanan consumers that can affect their performance

hence, towards their productivity, build and loyalty.

References
Abedin, M. J. (2017). Practices of Consumer Rights in Bangladesh: A Study on Rangpur City.

Chaudhury, K. (2017). Consumer Awareness among College Students. International Journal of Research-
granthaalayah, Volume 6.

Ghana, T. o. (2014). ) A Review of Consumer Protection in the Mobile Telecommunication Sector in

Ghana.

Ibarra, V. C. (2014). Consumer’s Awareness on their Eight Basic Rights: A comparative study of Filipinos
in the Philippines and Guam. 65-78.

Mittal, D. I. (2015). Consumer Awareness about Different Consumer Protectioon Legislations in India.
Journal of Distance Education and Management Research.

Oya Pinar Ardic, J. A. (2017). Consumer Protection Laws and Regulations in Deposit and Loan Services: A
Cross-Country Analysis with a New Data Set.

Sikka, Anup, Aradhya, Peter, & Acharya. (2011). Consumer Protection Act – Awareness? IJMDS.

Singh, V. P. (2014). Awareness about Consumer Protection Act and Medical Negligence among Private
and Government Medical College & Hospital Faculty Members.

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH LOCALE

The respondents of this study are the consumers of Angadanan National High School Sy.

2019-2020, Centro-1 Angadanan, Isabela.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The study used Descriptive method by getting information that were collected without

changing the environment. It attempts to describe the Candies as change; Awareness of Consumers

Act of the Philippines and exact change policy.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

Questionnaires is the major instrument used in this study. It was designed to obtain the

information of Candies as change; Awareness of Consumers Act of the Philippines. The instrument

used was a researcher-made questionnaire to gather the needed data. The draft of the questionnaires

was drawn out based on the researcher’s readings, previous studies, and professional literature,

published and unpublished study that is relevant.

RESEARCH RESPONDENCE

The respondents of this study are 50 selected students of Angadanan National High School.

DATA GATHERING

The researcher provides the questionnaires to the consumers because their involvement to

this study the handling of questionnaire will be done personally by the researchers and facilitated

by the retrieval of respondence. The researcher collected the answer questionnaire. After that Data

tallying.

DATA ANALYSIS

Data were gathered through questionnaire among the students of Angadanan National High

School. This was summarized and analyze. The responses on the questionnaires were tallied. Data

collected were interpreted through analysis of narrative and descriptive report.

 Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter will present the results from a survey given to the Grade 12 Senior High

School of Angadanan National High School Incorporated on their Awareness on Exact Change

Policy

Table 4.1 Frequency and Percentage distribution of the respondents according to

their GENDER:

GENDER Frequency Percentage

Male 18 36%

Female 32 64%

TOTAL 50 100%

Table 4.1 shows the gender of the respondents. The majority of the respondents is female with
a frequency of 32 and percentage of 64%. On the other hand, the male respondents has a frequency
of 18 and a percentage of 36%. The total number of respondents is 50.

Table 4.2: Distribution of the respondents according to their AGE:

AGE FEMALE MALE

15 1 4
16 19 11
17 11 2
18
19 1 1
 Table 4.3: AWARENESS OF CONSUMERS IN NO SHORTCHANGING ACT
No Statement Mean Interpretation
1. I am aware on the No Shortchanging Act of AGREE
2016 of Consumers. 2.71
2. As a consumer, I have the duty to ensure that AGREE
the exact amount of change is received
immediately after every transaction 2.71
3. As a consumer, I need to report any instances AGREE
of shortchanging to business establishment’s
consumer welfare desk or to write a letter of
complaint to the DTI not later than ten (10)
working days after the violation was
committed. 2.71
4. I know that Business establishments that are AGREE
found to have violated the provisions of the No
Shortchanging Act shall be liable to a penalty
ranging from P500 to 25,000 or 3% to 10% off
gross sales on the day of the violation,
whichever is higher. 2.71
5. I am aware that 3rd offense will pay P25,000 AGREE
and revocation of license. 2.71
6. I am aware that business must remind their AGREE
customers to ask for an exact change. 2.71
7. I am aware that providing sufficient change is AGREE
now a legal responsibility. 2.71
8. Lacking loose bills or coins should not be an AGREE
excuse for a business establishment. 2.71
9. I am aware that giving candies instead of cent- AGREE
worth change is no longer an accepted
alternative in business. 2.71
10. I know that Ra 10909 states that managers or AGREE
staff of the business establishment, should
NOT talk their way out of giving their
customers the exact ch
ange that they deserve. 2.71
GRAND MEAN 2.71 AGREE

Table 4.3 shows the positive impacts of their awareness on exact change policy. All of the

items in this table have statistical interpretation of “AGREE” among men and women which

clearly shows that both respondents are agreeable. Stated that the respondents find their lives
better because they know on how they will fight their rights as a consumers and the total grand

mean 2.71

Table 4.4: BEHAVIORS AMONG GRADE 11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

WHO HAVE BEEN VICTIM OF CANDY CURRENCY
12. I am a victim of candy currency. 3.02 AGREE

GRAND MEAN 3.02 AGREE

Table 4.4 presents impacts in the victim of candy currency. As shown above, item number

12 which means that the respondents are somewhat agreeable on rejecting candy as change. All

the items got statistical interpretation of “AGREE” and the total grand mean 3.02

Table 4.5: CONSUMERS WHO REJECTED CANDY CURRENCY

11. I tried to reject candies as my change 2.76 AGREE

GRAND MEAN 2.76 AGREE

Table 4.5 shows the positive impacts of consumers who rejected candy currency. As stated

above, item number 11 got the mean of 2.76 which means that the respondents are somewhat

agreeable on rejecting a candy. All the items got statistical interpretation of “AGREE” and the

total grand mean 2.76

 CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

The chapter V includes the summary of all data gathered by the researchers. Through their

data gathering procedures that the researchers used, they were able to get all the information that

are relevant and useful to their research topic, and with that, they were able to construct their

conclusion where final summation of data is found. In this chapter, the recommendations given by

researchers were effective to help struggling students of today and the students in present.

SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS

Based on the results gathered, the following findings are thereby presented:

Q1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents?

The majority of the respondents is female with a frequency of 32 and percentage of 64%. On

the other hand, the male respondents has a frequency of 18 and a percentage of 36%. The total

number of respondents is 50.

Q2. How many respondents are victim in candy currency?

The respondents are somewhat agreeable on rejecting candy as change. All the items got

statistical interpretation of “AGREE” and the total grand mean 3.02

Q3. What is the awareness of the respondent on no shortchanging policy?

Men and Women which clearly shows that both respondents are agreeable. Stated that the

respondents find their lives better because they know on how they will fight their rights as a

consumers and the total grand mean 2.71

Q4. How many respondents rejected candy currency?

The respondents are somewhat agreeable on rejecting a candy. All the items got statistical

interpretation of “AGREE” and the total grand mean 2.76

CONCLUSION:

Most of Grade 11 students of Angadanan National High School are aware on the shortchanging act

regard to their profile and answers to the questionnaires. Furthermore, on the next context in the

occurrence of implications they are fully aware on their behaviors toward people and their environment.

In addition, the respondents are Agreeable on the effects of online gaming but in the sense that they are

experiencing these effects may it be positive or negative. Upon reaching the end of this study, online

games yielded majority positive results with higher mean rather than the negative implications of it.

Therefore, anyone or anybody on the grade 11 students alone has a potential to experience the

effects given by the use of online gaming dominantly on the positive effects of it.