Qazi Zahed Iqbal

evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabx-1972-88 : HwZnvwmK cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
(XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡M wcGBP.wW wWwMÖi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©)
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Aa¨vcK ‡iwR‡÷ªkb : 84
BwZnvm wefvM ‡mkb : 2009-10
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
BwZnvm wefvM
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq
Dhaka University Institutional Repository
gyLeÜ
msweavb n‡jv RvwZi Rxeb weavb, GgbwUB gZ w`‡q‡Qb wMÖ‡mi `vk©wbKe„›`; Avwg ïay †hvM Ki‡Z
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mgqKv‡j wZbwU miKvi evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª kvmb K‡i‡Q hvi ‡fZi `yÕwU wQj †mbv mgw_©Z miKvi| miKvi¸‡jv me©‡gvU †h AvUwU
ms‡kvabx K‡iwQj msweav‡b Zvi me¸‡jv Rb¯^v‡_© nqwb| cÖ_g I Z…Zxq ms‡kvabx iv‡óªi cÖ‡qvR‡b n‡jI wØZxq I PZz_© ms‡kvabx
Aa¨vew` weZ‡K©i welq n‡q i‡q‡Q| GKBfv‡e cÂg †_‡K Aóg ms‡kvabx¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi †ÿ‡Î ¯úóZB Kv‡jv
Aa¨vq wnmv‡e wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| AÎ M‡elYvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwU msweavb ms‡kvlawb‡K Avjv`v fv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
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2| f~wgKv 4
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msweavb ms‡kvabx : ZvwË¡K I Zzjbvg~jK cwi‡cÖwÿZ
4| wØZxq Aa¨vq 60
cÖ_g ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
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6| PZz_© Aa¨vq
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7| cÂg Aa¨vq
PZz_© ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
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cÂg ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
134
9| mßg Aa¨vq
lô ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
10| Aóg Aa¨vq 140
mßg ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
11| beg Aa¨vq 148

Aóg ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
12| `kg Aa¨vq 156

Dcmsnvi
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14| msweav‡bi ¸iæZ¡cY~ © gvgjvi ZvwjKv 227
15| MÖš’ weeiYx 229
2
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wech©‡qi m¤¢vebv _v‡K| d‡j mg‡qi m‡½ Zvj wgwj‡q msweav‡b cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©‡bi my‡hvMI _vK‡Z nq| †`k-Kvj-mgq †f‡`
msweavb cwieZ©‡bi c×wZMZ wfbœZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq; Avevi ZvwË¡K fv‡eI msweavb cwieZ©‡bi c×wZMZ wfbœZv we`¨gvb| ivóª
mg~‡ni msweavb cwieZ©‡bi wbqg Kvbyb cÖwZwU msweav‡bi g‡a¨B D‡jøL Kiv _v‡K| GB cwieZ©‡bi weavb¸‡jv we‡kølY K‡i
we‡klÁMY ZvwË¡Kfv‡e mijx Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g Av‡jvPbv K‡i _v‡Kb|
Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`kmg~n †Kvb bv †Kvb msweavwbK g‡Wj AbymiY K‡i _v‡K| hy³ivR¨, gvwK©b hy³ivóª, mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ
BDwbqb I MYPxb G mKj †`kB mvaviYZ g‡Wj wnmv‡e Abym„Z n‡q _v‡K| evsjv‡`k I fviZmn A‡bK †`kB hy³iv‡Rï
mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi Abymvix| Aek¨ 1975 mv‡ji ci †ek wKQz eQi evsjv‡`k AvswkKfv‡e n‡jI gvwK©b mvsweavwbK g‡Wj
AbymiY K‡i‡Q|
hLb msweavb cÖYxZ Ges M„nxZ nq, ZLb Z RbM‡Yi cÖavb wek¦vm I ¯^v_©‡K A_ev ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦vm Ges ¯^v‡_©i
Av‡cvl eë¯’v‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Z Pvq|1 evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖYq‡bi mgqI H GKB cÖqvm †bqv n‡qwQj| d‡j fwel¨‡ZI hv‡Z
†Kvb RwUjZv bv nq †mRb¨ RbM‡Yi ci¯úiwe‡ivax wek¦vm cÖwZdwjZ Kivi ¯^v‡_© msweavb ms‡kva‡bi GKwU weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q|
msweavb ms‡kvabxi GKwU AvbyôvwbK weavb msweav‡b D‡jøL _v‡K; wKš‘ Gi evB‡i Av‡iv wbqš¿K kw³I we`¨gvb hvi gva¨‡g
msweavb ms‡kvab nq A‡bK mgq|2 †hgb wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g msweav‡b cwieZ©b Avm‡Z cv‡i ev †mbvkvm‡bi mgq Ôgvk©vj
jÕ i AwW©‡bÝ ØvivI cwieZ©b n‡Z cv‡i| Gi GKwU DËg bg~bv nj 8g ms‡kvabxi ci, evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb †h iƒc jvf K‡iwQj,
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wePvi wefvMxq wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g ms‡kvabxwUi AvswkK evwZj K‡i †`qvq †m iƒc Avi _v‡Kwb| DcišÍ cwiewZ©Z mg‡qi
cÖ‡qvRb‡bI msweavb ms‡kva‡bi ZvwM` Abyf~Z nq|
msweavb †Kvb weg~Z© `wjj bq| ivóª cwiPvjbvi ¯^v‡_© GKwU Rb‡Mvôx GwU cÖYqb K‡i _v‡K| Aek¨ msweavb AvBbewnf©~Z
4
Drm DrmvwiZ , hwÌ Zv iv‡óªi mKj AvB‡bi Drm| GB AwZ cÖ‡qvRbxq `wjjwU ZvwË¡K `„wó‡KvY ‡_‡K ms‡kvabxi ‡cÖÿvc‡U
`yÕiKg n‡q _v‡K| cÖ_gZ, my-cwieZ©bxq msweavb †Kvb cÖKvi we‡kl c×wZ QvovB mvaviY AvBb cÖYq‡bi c×wZ‡ZB ms‡kvab Kiv
hvq| Avi `y®úwieZ©bxq msweav‡bi †ÿ‡Î msweavb cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl c×wZ Aej¤^‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nq|
msweavb ms‡kvab me mgq ïay c×wZi Ici wbf©i K‡i m¤úbœ Kiv hvq bv, eis KL‡bv msweav‡bi g~j my‡ii Ici wbf©i
Ki‡Z nq| A_©vr msweavb ms‡kvab ïay msm‡` msL¨vMwiôZv ev we‡kl c×wZ Aej¤^‡b mdjZvi IciB me mgq wbf©i K‡i bv;
GKB m‡½ ms‡kvabwU msweav‡bi g~j myi Abymvix Kx bv, Zvi IciI wbf©i K‡i| msweav‡bi †gŠwjK PwiÎwe‡ivax †Kvb ms‡kvabx
wbR †_‡KB evwZj nq| Aek¨ †h mKj †`‡k mvsweavwbK ev msweav‡bi cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ †mLv‡bB GB c×wZ AbymiY Kiv nq|
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evsjv‡`k Gi GKwU fvj D`vniY| evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 7(2) Abymv‡i Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb hw` msweav‡bi m‡½
AmvgÄm¨c~Y© nq Z‡e H AvB‡bi AmvgÄm¨c~Y© AskwU evwZj n‡e|6 GLb cÖkœ Av‡m †h, GB Ab¨ AvBb ej‡Z msweavb ms‡kva‡bi
welqwUI we‡ewPZ n‡e Kx bv| welqwU we‡ePbv K‡i wePvicwZ †gv¯Ídv Kvgvj wm×všÍ w`‡q‡Qb †h, Aby‡”Q` 7(2) G ewY©Z wewa wb‡la
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msweavb ms‡kvabxi †ÿ‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡e| d‡j msweavb ïay msL¨vMwiôZvi AwaKv‡i ev wbw`©ó c×wZ AbymiY K‡i msm‡ì gva¨‡g
ms‡kvab Kiv m¤¢e bq| G Kvi‡Y 1988 mv‡ji 8g ms‡kvabx wePvi wefvMxq wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g AvswkKfv‡e evwZj e‡j †NvwlZ
n‡qwQj cÂg I mßg ms‡kvabx Ges GKBfv‡e ciewZ©mg‡q evwZj n‡q‡Q|8 myZivs mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ nevi Kvi‡Y
B”QvgZ msweavb ms‡kva‡bi ÿgZv msm‡ì nv‡Z †bB| Z‡e GiciI cÖkœ †_‡K hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡k hZevi msweavb ms‡kvwaZ
n‡q‡Q ZZeviB msweav‡bi cÖvav‡bï welqwU gvb¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q Kxbv? welqwU ch©v‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb|
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ms‡kvabxmg~n ch©v‡jvPbvi ¯^v‡_© GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡qi mKj ms‡kvabxmg~n wePvi Kiv n‡e| mgqKvj aiv n‡q‡Q 1972 mvj
†_‡K 1988 mvj ch©šÍ| mgqKvj wba©vi‡Y GKwU wbw`©ó bxwZ AbymiY Kiv n‡q _v‡K| 1972 mv‡j ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb
me©cÖ_g M„nxZ nq| msweavb wQj msm`xq miKvi eë¯’v Ges h_v_© ÿgZv wefvRb bxwZi Ici cÖwZwôZ| d‡j msweavb I M„nxZ
nevi mb‡K M‡elYvi ïiæi mgq wnmv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q; D‡Ïk¨ msweavb wewfbœ ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Kxfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q Ges Kx iƒc
cwiMÖn K‡i‡Q Zv †`Lv| 1988 mvj‡K aiv n‡q‡Q M‡elYvi mgvwßjMœ wnmv‡e| 1988 mv‡j msweav‡bi 8g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g
†`‡ki wePvi wefvM‡K we‡K›`ªxKiY Ges Bmjvg‡K ivóª ag© wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvq GKwU
†gŠwjK euvKe`j nq| d‡j GB `yB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv‡K M‡elYv ïiæ I †k‡li mgqKvj wnmv‡e aiv n‡q‡Q| GB mgqKv‡ji gaëZ©x
mg‡qB N‡U‡Q Ab¨ mKj ms‡kvabxmg~n| mKj ms‡kvabxmg~n c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wePvi Ki‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi c_
cwiµgvI ¯úó n‡e| GRb¨ 1972 †_‡K 1988 ch©šÍ me ms‡kvabxB we‡kølY Kiv n‡e|
msweavb ms‡kvab GKwU mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv n‡jI Gi m‡½ GKwU †`‡ki mvwe©K ivR‰bwZK I ivóªxq cÖwµqvi ewntcÖKvk
_v‡K| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡jI Zv cÖZxqgvb nq| evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z MYZ‡š¿i Afve, `xN©
ˆ¯îkvmb, MYAf~¨Ìvb, ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i ÿgZvwjáv me wKQzB cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q msweavb ms‡kvabx cÖwµqvi †fZi Ges m‡½
MYZvwš¿K cÖwµqvi †fZiI †h GK ai‡bi ˆ¯îZvwš¿K cÖfve we`¨gvb Zv Avgiv †`L‡Z cve msweavb ms‡kvabxi ch©v‡jvPbvi †fZi|
1972 mv‡j hLb cÖ_g msweavb M„nxZ nq ZLb gyw³hy‡×i mgq G ‡`‡ki gvby‡li †h g‡bvfve wQj Zv-B cÖwZdwjZ
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n‡qwQj| cÖ_g †m msweavb wQj mwZ¨Kv‡ii MYZvwš¿K msweavb| msweav‡b iv‡óªi cÖavb wZb cÖwZôv‡bi ÿgZv fvimvg¨c~Y©fv‡e
wefvRb Kiv n‡qwQj| GKB m‡½ wePvi wefv‡Mi ¯^vaxbZv wQj Ges gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv weavb Kiv n‡qwQj| GgbwK
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†Kvb wbeZ©bg~jK cÖwZôvb wQj bv| Ggwb GKwU msweavb cieZ©x mg‡q wewfbœ ms‡kvabxi †fZi w`‡q cwiewZ©Z n‡q ejv hvq GK
mgq m¤ú~Y© GKwU wfbœ iƒc cwiMÖn K‡iwQj|
we‡k¦i cÖwZwU †`‡kiB msweav‡b ms‡kvabxi c×wZ we`¨gvb| †m Kvi‡Y cÖavb mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv¸wji m‡½ G‡`‡ki GKwU
Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| weª‡Ub, fviZ, gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi gZ cÖavb MYZvwš¿K †`k mg~‡n msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqvwU
wKfv‡e m¤úbœ nq Zv GKwU Zzjbvg~jK cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z wePvi Ki‡j evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqv ¯úó n‡e| Gi m‡½ msweavb
ms‡kvabx wel‡q M‡elKMY †h mKj ZvwË¡K KvVv‡gvi wPšÍv K‡ib †mmeI we‡kølY K‡i †`Lvi cª‡qvRb Av‡Q| ZvwË¡K KvVv‡gvi
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gva¨‡g ¯úó n‡e Kx Kx welq msweavb ms‡kvabxi †ÿ‡Î f~wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges Gi c×wZwUB ev Kx iƒc| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡b
msweavb ms‡kvabxi GKwU we¯ÍvwiZ Ges ¯úó weavb cÖ`vb Kiv Av‡Q|12 wKš‘ ZviciI welqwU we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q G
Kvi‡Y †h, msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †Kvb Aeva AwaKvi msm‡ì nv‡Z †bB| wjwLZ msweavb nevi Kvi‡Y msweav‡b ¯úó K‡i †`qv Av‡Q
msm` KZUzKz msweavb ms‡kva‡b mg_© Ges KZUv bq| G‡ÿ‡ÎB msweav‡bi 142 Aby‡”Q`‡K Ab¨ Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z g~j ‡PZbvi m‡½
wgwj‡q co‡Z n‡e| msweav‡bi g~jmy‡ii m‡½ mvgÄm¨ bv †i‡L msweavb ms‡kvab †Kvbµ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| MZ wZb `k‡K wewfbœ
wePvi wefvMxq wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g msweavb ms‡kvab wel‡q GKwU c×wZ cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q| mvsweavwbK AvBb GB welqwU‡K wbqš¿Y
K‡i _v‡K| evsjv‡`‡k mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ, msm`xq bq; welqwU msweav‡bi 7 Aby‡”Q‡` ¯úófv‡eB Av‡Q|13 H Aby‡”Q‡`
ejv n‡q‡Q Ab¨ ‡Kvb AvBb hw` msweavb we‡ivax nq Z‡e hZUv we‡ivax ZZUv evwZj| GLb cÖkœ I‡V GB Ab¨ AvBb ej‡Z
msweavb ms‡kvabx‡KI †evSv‡bv nq Kxbv| Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb †PŠayix ebvg evsjv‡`k gvgjvq wePvi wefvMxq wm×všÍ wQj †h, Ab¨
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AvBb ej‡Z msweavb ms‡kvabxI eySv‡e|
evsjv‡`‡k 1988 ch©šÍ me©‡gvU ms‡kvabx n‡q‡Q AvU wU| Gi cÖwZwU ms‡kvabxB Avjv`v êwk‡óï AwaKvix| msweavb
M„nxZ nevi GK eQ‡ii †fZiB `yÕwU ms‡kvabx cvk Kiv nq Ges Gi GKwU AšÍZ msweav‡b ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b wQj| 1979 mv‡ji
†fZi msweav‡bi †gŠwjK PwiÎB cwieZ©b K‡i †djv nq| 1975 mv‡ji cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †mbv kvmb êa Kiv †Zv nqB,
GKB m‡½ GKRb mv‡eK ivóªcwZi nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePviI eÜ K‡i †`qv nq| Avevi Õ91 mv‡j GKv`k, Øv`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †`‡k
bZzb K‡i cÖwZôv Kiv nq msm`xq MYZš¿; Î‡qv`k ms‡kvabx wb‡q Av‡m ZË¡veavqK miKv‡ii Awfbe c×wZ, hwÌ Gme ms‡kvabx
eZ©gvb M‡elYvi Ask bq ZeyI D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv| d‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q ms‡kvabxmg~n eûgyLx| mivmwi e¨w³ ¯^v‡_© msweavb ms‡kvabxi
4
AšÍZ `yÕwU D`vniYI Av‡Q| me¸‡jv ms‡kvabx‡K GKwÎZ K‡i ZvB mijx KiY m¤¢e bq| cÖwZwU ms‡kvabxB c„_K ch©v‡jvPbvi
cÖ‡qvRb|
ms‡kvabxmg~n Øviv KL‡bvB cy‡iv msweavb e`j Kiv nqwb| msweav‡bi we‡kl we‡kl weavbmg~n e`j Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB
we‡kl weavb e`‡ji gva¨‡gB cy‡iv msweav‡bi †gŠwjK PwiÎB cwieZ©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| msweav‡bi cÖ¯Ívebv ch©šÍ ms‡kvab K‡i cÖ_g
msweav‡b c„nxZ Pvi ivóªxq g~jbxwZ e`‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q| Avevi msm`xq eë¯’v †_‡K ivóªcwZ kvwmZ eë¯’v ev eû`jxq eë¯’v †_‡K
GK`jxq eë¯’vq cwieZ©b ev †mbv kvmb êaKiY meB n‡q‡Q wbw`©ó wewagvjv ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g|
msweavb ms‡kvabxi cÖkœ hLbB D‡V‡Q ZLbB mviv †`‡k msm‡ì †fZ‡i Ges evB‡i G wel‡q we¯Íi Avjvc Av‡jvPbv
n‡q‡Q| Z‡e †m mKj Av‡jvPbv ¯’vb, Kvj, cvÎ †f‡` wfbœ wfbœ iƒ‡c n‡q‡Q| msm‡ì †fZ‡i Av‡jvPbv n‡q‡Q GK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K,
evB‡i n‡q‡Q Ab¨fv‡e; Avevi we‡klÁMY gZ w`‡q‡Qb ZvwË¡K w`K wePvi K‡i| GKB m‡½ GK_vI ej‡Z n‡e mKj ms‡kvabx‡Z
mgvbfv‡e Av‡jvPbv mgv‡jvPbvI nqwb| †hgb- PZy_© ms‡kvabxi mgq RvZxq msm‡ì Af¨šÍ‡iB †Kvb Av‡jvPbv nqwb| Avevi
mvgwiK kvmbmg~n hLb msweavb ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g êa Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZLb †m wel‡q msm‡ì †fZ‡i I evB‡i ‡Kvb mgv‡jvPbv Kiv
m¤¢e nqwb| Avevi GKv`k, Øv`k Ges Î‡qv`k ms‡kvabx wb‡q we¯Íi M‡elYv, Av‡jvPbv, ch©v‡jvPbv n‡qwQj| GKwU ms‡kvabx ¯úó
K‡i ej‡j 8g ms‡kvabx Avevi wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvq evwZjI n‡qwQj| d‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q cÖwZwU ms‡kvabx c„_Kfv‡e
ch©v‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q|
eZ©gvb M‡elYv K‡g© GKB m‡½ we‡kølY Ges g~j¨vqb DfqB Kiv n‡q‡Q| G‡ÿ‡Î cÖv_wgK Ges ‰ØZxwqK DcvË DfqB
eënvi n‡q‡Q| ‰ØZxwqK DcvË wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ MÖš’, Rvb©vj cÖf„wZ| cÖv_wgK DcvË wnmv‡e eëüZ n‡q‡Q msm`xq
weZK©, ms‡kvwaZ wewamg~‡ni miKvwi cÖÁvcb, msweavb I cÎ-cwÎKv|
M‡elYvi myweavi Rb¨ GKvwaK Aa¨v‡q wef³ K‡i welqwU Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q msweavb
ms‡kvab m¤úwK©Z welq| GB Aa¨v‡q `yÕwU fvM Av‡Q cÖ_gZ, Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q msweavb ms‡kvabxi ZvwË¡K Ges Zzjbvg~jK
cwi‡cÖwÿZ; wØZxqZ, evsjv‡`‡k msweavb ms‡kva‡bi mvsweavwbK I c×wZMZ welqvw`| Gici Av‡Q wZbwU ivR‰bwZK Avg‡ji
ms‡kvabx wb‡q wZbwU Aa¨vq| cÖwZwU Avgj‡K GKwU wbw`©ó KvVv‡gvi †fZi c„_K c„_K Aa¨v‡q wef³ K‡i we‡kølY I g~j¨vqb Kiv
n‡q‡Q| me©‡kl Aa¨vqwU Dcmsnvi, GB Aa¨v‡q M‡elYv K‡g©i P~ovšÍ gZvgZ cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q|
5
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. ‡K wm †nvq¨vi, (Abyev` AvwRRyi ingvb †PŠayix) AvaywbK msweavb (XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1978) c„: 86|
2. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, H, c„: 86-175|
3. Anwar Hossain Chowdhury V Bangladesh, Bangladesh Legal Decisions, 1989 (SPL). (Dhaka:
DLR Publication 1989)
4. P.J. Fitzgerald, Salmand on Jurisprudence, Twelfth Elition, (London: Sweet & Maxwell,
1966) P. 84.
5. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Justice Mustafa Kamal, Bangladesh Constitution: Trends and Issues
(Dhaka University Press, 2001) PP. 17-18, Mahmudul Islam, Constitutional Law of Bangladesh
(Dhaka: Mullick Brothers, 2002) P.P. 66-69.
6. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb|
7. Kudrat-E-Elahi V Bangladesh, 44 DLR (AD) (Dhaka: DLR Publication year) P.P. 319,346.
8. BLD (SPL) (Dhaka: DLR Publication year), The Law Reporter, (SPL), (Dhaka: The Reporter,
2011), BLD, (SPL), (Dhaka : Bangladesh Bar Council, 2010)
9. Mahmudul Islam, cÖv¸³, c„: 13|
11. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, †K.wm. †nv‡qi, cÖv¸³, c„: 86-175|
12. Aby‡”Q` 142, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweavb, c„: 60|
13. H, c„: 3|
14. Anwar Hossain Chowdhury V. Bangladesh, cÖv¸³|
6
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
msweavb ms‡kvabx :
ZvwË¡K I Zzjbvg~jK cwi‡cÖwÿZ
msweavb ms‡kvabx wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi c~‡e© Gi ZvwË¡K w`KwU Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb| †Kbbv msweavb ms‡kvabxi welqwU ïaygvÎ
c×wZMZ Ges NUbvMZ welq bq, eis mevi Av‡M Av‡m msweavb ms‡kva‡bi ZvwË¡K w`K| GB ZvwË¡K w`‡Ki Avevi `yÕwU iƒc
we`¨gvb| GKwU êwk¦K Ges Ab¨wU ˆ`wkK| G Rb¨ msweav‡bi ms‡kvabxi ZvwË¡K w`KwU `yÕfv‡e ch©v‡jvwPZ nj|
êwk¦K cwi‡cÖwÿZ
msweavb ms‡kvab GKwU AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖwµqv; Ges cÖwµqvwU mKj msweav‡bi †ÿ‡ÎB cÖ‡hvR¨| Ggb wK hy³iv‡Rï gZ
GKwU AwjwLZ msweav‡bi †`‡ki †ÿ‡ÎI K_vwU mwZ¨, Z‡e wKQz ZvwË¡K wfbœZv Av‡Q| msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqvwU ivLv nq
msweavb‡K MwZkxj I RbM‡Yi Avkv AvKv•ÿvi m‡½ mvgyR¨c~Y© Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b| †Kbbv hLb msweavb cÖYxZ nq I M„nxZ nq, ZLb
Zv RbM‡Yi cÖavb wek¦vm Ges ¯^v_©‡K A_ev ci¯úiwe‡ivax wek¦vm Ges ¯^v‡_©i Av‡cvl eë¯’v‡K cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡Z Pvq|1 GB Av‡cvl
eë¯’v hv‡Z fwel¨‡ZI AUzU _v‡K †m Rb¨B msweavb ms‡kva‡bi GB weavb| KviY msweavb mKj mgvšÍivj ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK
2
Ges mvgvwRK kw³i wµqviB dj, †h¸‡jv GwU M„nxZ nevi mgq mwµq wQj| ciewZ© mg‡q mgvšÍivj ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK Ges
mvgvwRK kw³i wµqv Ges Zvi dj cwiewZ©Z n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GB cwieZ©‡bi m‡½ hw` Zvj wgwj‡q msweavbI Zvi Ae¯’vb
cwieZ©b bv K‡i Z‡e `wjjwU wbwðZB AKvh©Ki n‡q co‡e|
msweavb ms‡kva‡bi welqwU hwÌ ZvwË¡Kfv‡e RbM‡Yi B”Qvi cÖwZdjb wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq; Z_vwc cÖK…Z mZ¨wU me
mgq Giƒc bq| cÖvqB e¨w³ †Mvôxi ¯^v‡_© msweavb ms‡kvab Kivi bwRi Av‡Q; hv MYwe‡ivaxI e‡U| d‡j msweavb ms‡kvabxi
welqwU GKwU we¯Í…Z †cÖÿvc‡U Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q| wewfbœ †`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqvi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvI
welqwU‡K ¯úó Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e|
msweavb ms‡kvabxi `„wó‡Z wePvi Ki‡j msweav‡bi `ywU †kªwYKiY‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b nq| cÖ_g †kªwYKi‡Y msweavb‡K
ms‡kvab cÖwµqvi `„wó‡KvY †_‡K mycwieZ©bxq Ges `y®úwieZ©bxq GB `y'‡kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq| Avevi Ab¨ †kªYxKi‡Y Avgiv †`wL
mvsweavb msweavwbK cÖvavb¨ Ges msm`xq cÖvavb¨ GB `yÕfv‡e wef³| msweavb ms‡kvabx wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z n‡j GB welq
¸‡jv‡K ¯úó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb Ges ZvwË¡K welqwUI g~jZ GB †kªYxKiY‡K wN‡iB| mycwieZ©bxq Ges `y®úwieZ©bxq †kªYx wefvMwU jW©
3
eªvBm D™¢veb K‡ib| jW© eªvBm-Gi gZ Abymv‡i hw` †Kvb msweavb ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl c×wZ Aej¤^‡bi cÖ‡qvRb bv nq Zv
n‡j Zv‡K ejv nq mycwieZ©bxq; Ges hw` we‡kl c×wZi cÖ‡qvRb nq Zvn‡j msweavbwU‡K ejv nq `y®úwieZ©bxq| G †Zv †Mj
msÁv| wKš‘ welqwU Av‡iv we¯Í…Z| g~jZ GB cÖKvi †kªwYKi‡Yi welqwU †Kvb we‡kl msweavb ms‡kva‡bi c×wZMZ hyw³i Ici
cÖwZwôZ| GLv‡b gvÎvMZ cv_©K¨ we‡ePbvq †i‡L †kªYxKiY Kiv nqwb| c„w_exi cÖwZwU msweavbB ms‡kvab‡hvM¨| d‡j mKj
msweav‡bB ms‡kva‡bi c×wZ wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q| †m mKj c×wZ we‡ePbv K‡i mijxKiY Ki‡Z wM‡q †`Lv †M‡Q †h, wKQz msweavb
ms‡kva‡bi wel‡q bgbxq Ges wKQz bgbxq bq|
mycwieZ©bxq Ges `y®úwieZ©bxq wnmv‡e ‡kªwYKi‡Y wKQz msKUI we`¨gvb| cÖ_g K_v n‡jv, GB `yB †kªwYi †fZiI Dc-
†kªwYKiY m¤¢e| gvÎvMZ cv_©‡Kï Kvi‡Y Ggb Dc †kªwYKi‡Yi my‡hvM ˆZix n‡q‡Q| mKj mycwieZ©bxq msweavb †hgb- GKB gvÎvi
ev c×wZi mycwieZ©bxq bq, †Zgwb mKj `y®úwieZ©bxq msweavbI GKgvÎ `y®úwieZ©bxq bq| gvÎvRwbZ Kvi‡Y msweavb ms‡kva‡bi
welqwU A‡bK †ewk Av‡cwÿK| D`vniY w`‡j welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó n‡e; Av‡gwiKv, A‡÷ªwjqv, †WbgvK© cÖf„wZ †`‡ki msweavb
ms‡kvab cÖwµqv biI‡q, d«vÝ ev †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb-Gi †_‡K AwaKZi RwUj ev `y®úwieZ©bxq wnmv‡e wePvi Kiv hvq|4 GKB m‡½
ejv hvq msÁv Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb `y®úwieZ©bxq ai‡bi; wKš‘ Zv fvi‡Zi msweav‡bi gZ AZUv `y®úwieZ©bxq bq| G
7
ch©v‡qB ejv hvq GK‡Kw›`ªK iv‡óªi msweavb Ges Ò†dWv‡ijÓ iv‡óªi msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqv GKB AvcvZt`„wó‡Z Awfbœ n‡jI
ev¯Í‡e Zv bq|
d‡j mvwe©K we‡ePbvq G K_v ejv hvq †h, mycwieZ©bxq Ges `y®úwieZ©bxq †kªwYKiYwU msweavb ms‡kvab c×wZi m¤ú~Y©
cwiPvqK bq| msweavb ms‡kvab c×wZ cÖwZwU msweav‡b iv‡óªi Ges RbM‡Yi B”Qv Abymv‡i mwbœ‡ewkZ nq| †h †Kvb `yÕwU †`‡ki
msweavb ms‡kvab c×wZ GKB gvÎvi nIqv mwZ¨B m¤¢e bq| †kªwYKiYwU msweav‡bi mijxKiY Ki‡Z mÿg n‡jI ms‡kvab eë¯’vi
ev c×wZi cwic~Y© mijxKiY m¤¢e nqwb|
myúwieZ©bxq Ges `y®úwieZ©bxq c×wZ ms‡kva‡bi cÖK…Z †kªwYKiY Ki‡Z bv cvi‡jI Ab¨ GKwU †kªwYKiY †mwU A‡bKUvB
†c‡i‡Q| GB †kªwYKiY Abymv‡i msweavb‡K msm`xq cÖvavb¨ Ges mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ GB `yÕfv‡M wef³ K‡i we‡ePbv Kiv hvq|
msm`xq cÖvavb¨ ej‡Z Avgiv eywS Ggb msm`xq eë¯’v‡K †hLv‡b AvBbmfvi mve©‡fŠgZ¡ cÖwZwôZ Ges AvBbmfv msweav‡bi †h †Kvb
cwieZ©b ev ms‡kva‡b mÿg| Ab¨ w`‡K AvBbmfv msweav‡bi mKj weavb ms‡kvab ev cwieZ©‡b mÿg bb|
msÁvqb hZUv mnR, cÖK…Zc‡ÿ welqwUi e¨vL¨v ZZUv mnR bq| †Kbbv G ch©šÍ G wb‡q we¯Íi M‡elYv †hgb n‡q‡Q,
†Zgwb mviv we‡k¦i AmsL¨ gvgjv †gvKÏgvi wm×v‡šÍ cÖkwœ U Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi cy‡ivUv Av‡jvPbvq wb‡q Avmv †Kvbµ‡gB m¤¢e
bq| ïaygvÎ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ask¸‡jvB Av‡jvPbvi ¯^v‡_© D×„Z n‡e|
GKwU welq G ch©v‡q ¯úó nIqv cÖ‡qvRb †h, mvsweavwbK ev msm`xq cÖvav‡bï m‡½ wjwLZ ev AwjwLZ msweav‡bi welqwU
5
Kg m¤úwK©Z| †m m¤úK© n‡”Q, wjwLZ msweav‡bi †ÿ‡Î msweavb ms‡kvab AwjwLZ msweav‡bi Zzjbvq A‡bKUvB KwVb; wjwLZ
msweav‡bi D‡ÏkÏ A‡bKUv Awfbœ| Aek¨ K_vwU mKj msweav‡bi †ÿ‡Î mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| cwÐZR‡biv g‡b K‡ib,
6
mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î wjwLZ msweavbB Av`k©| Z‡e Ggb bq †h, wjwLZ msweavb bgbxq n‡Z cvi‡e bv Ges AwjwLZ
msweavb gvÎB msm`xq cÖvavb¨ _vK‡e|
msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î msm‡ì f~wgKvB gyL¨ Zv msweavb †h PvwiwÎK êwk‡óïB †nvK bv †Kb| g~jZ msweavb ms‡kvab
Ki‡Z n‡j AvBbmfv ev msm`‡KB cÖ_g c`‡ÿc wb‡Z nq Ges GB cÖwZôv‡bi gva¨‡gB ms‡kvabx cÖwµqvi cÖavb †ÿÎ we‡k‡l P~ovšÍ
Kvh© m¤úv`b nq| msm`‡K cvk KvwU‡q msweavb ms‡kva‡bi my‡hvM †bB ej‡jB P‡j| Z‡e mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î ms‡kvab-
A‡hvM¨ welq wb‡`©wkZ _v‡K msweav‡b cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e|
msm` ev AvBbmfv RbM‡Yi cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e m‡e©v”P AvBb cÖwZôvb| †`‡ki Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb cÖYq‡bi cvkvcvwk
RvwZi Avkv-AvKv•ÿv Abymv‡i msweavb ms‡kvab I Ab¨ AvBbMZ KvR K‡i| GgbwK msweavb cÖ_g †h MYcwil‡` M„nxZ nq †mwUI
AvBb mfvi Abyiƒc GKwU cÖwZôvb| d‡j msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqvq AvBb mfvi ¸iæZ¡ Acwimxg|
AvBb mfvi cÖvav‡bï welqwU cÖ_g ïiæ nq hy³iv‡R¨| hy³iv‡R¨ †Kvb wjwLZ msweavb †bB| wKš‘ Zvi A_© G bq †h, Zvi
†Kvb msweavb †bB| AZxZ †_‡K eZ©gvb ch©šÍ hy³iv‡R¨ †h me c×wZ M‡o D‡V‡Q Ges AvBb mfv †h mKj wbqg cÖYqb K‡i‡Q Zv
B †`kwUi msweavb| msweavb ïay wjwLZ `wjj bq eis GwU cÖ_v, c×wZ Ges cÖvwZôvwbKZvi welq| e„wUk msweavb ej‡Z GB
7
welqwU‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| msm`xq cÖvav‡bï GK P~ovšÍ wb`k©b n‡”Q e„wUk msweavb| Aek¨ Gi A_© G bq †h msm`xq cÖvavb¨
Avi †Kvb †`‡k †bB| wKš‘ e„wUk msweavbB msm`xq cÖvav‡bï bgybv wnmv‡e Av`k©| e„‡U‡b kZ eQi a‡i †h cÖ_v cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q Zv
n‡”Q AvBb mfvi cÖvavb¨|8 wKš‘ GKB m‡½ D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h AvBb mfvq AvBb cv‡ki wel‡q b~¨bZg n‡jI wbqš¿Y we`¨gvb|
welqwU c‡i Av‡iv we¯Í…Zfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ n‡e| msm`xq cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î AvBbmfv AvBb cv‡ki †ÿ‡Î m‡e©v”P ÿgZvi AwaKvix|
AvBbmfvi AvBb cv‡ki GB ÿgZv †Kvb fv‡eB mxwgZ ev wbqwš¿Z bq| AvBb mfv †h †Kvb AvBb ˆZix cwieZ©b ev ms‡kvab Kivi
AwaKvix Ges Zv Av`vjZI gvb¨ Ki‡Z eva¨| Av‡iv cwi®‹vi K‡i ejv hvq, AvBbmfvi †h †Kvb Kvh© Av`vjZ KZ©„K gvb¨ n‡Z
eva¨|9 †Kvb Av`vjZ, cÖwZôvb ev ms¯’v ev e¨w³ G eë¯’vq msm‡ì wm×všÍ cwieZ©b ev cybwe©‡ePbv ev Agvb¨ Kivi AwaKvix bb|
8
msm`xq cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î wZbwU welq jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| cÖ_gZ, iv‡óª Ggb †Kvb AvBb †bB hv AvBbmfv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv; wØZxqZ, mvsweavwbK AvBb I mvaviY AvB‡bi †fZi cv_©K¨ _v‡K bv Ges Z…ZxqZ, †Kvb cÖwZôvbB AvBbmfv cÖYxZ †Kvb
10
AvBb A‰ea †NvlYvi AwaKvix bq| d‡j †`Lv hv‡”Q msm`xq cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î AvBb mfv AvBbMZ wel‡q mvwe©K Ges A‡bKUv
Awbqwš¿Z ÿgZv †fvM K‡i| GLv‡b GKUz D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, M‡elKMY msm`xq cÖvavb¨ Ges msm`xq mve©‡fŠgZ¡ kã `yÕwUi
wel‡q GKgZ bb| †Kvb †Kvb †jLK msm`xq cÖvav‡bï e`‡j msm`xq mve©‡fŠgZ¡ eënvi-G AvMÖnx| wKš‘ mve©‡fŠg ev mve©‡fŠgZ¡
kãwU eû A‡_© eëüZ nq- ¯’vb Kvj Abymv‡i|11 d‡j msm`xq mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i e`‡j msm`xq cÖvavb¨ kãwUB AwaK hyw³hy³|
msm`xq cÖvav‡bï wecix‡Z mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ welqwUi Ae¯’vb| mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï A_© n‡”Q, msweavb AvBbmfvi Dci
KZ©„Z¡ m¤úbœ Ges AvBbmfv msweavb wb‡`©wkZ wbqš¿‡Yi †fZi Zvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i _v‡K| wjwLZ msweavbmg~‡ni †ÿ‡ÎB
mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨wU jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| cÖK…Zc‡ÿ wjwLZ Ges Abgbxq ai‡bi msweav‡bi †ÿ‡Î msm`xq cÖvavb¨ †hgb Abyc‡hvMx
†Zgwb mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ A‡bK †ewk Dc‡hvMx|12 msweavb cÖ‡YZvMY msweavb cÖYq‡bi mgq Gi KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZôvi wPšÍv Ges miKvi
I AvBbmfv‡K wbqwš¿Z ivLvi wPšÍv †_‡K mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï welqwU msweav‡b ¯úó K‡i cªvqB D‡jøL K‡i _v‡Kb| GB cÖwµqvi
13
cÖ_g bgybvwU Avgiv †`wL gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi msweav‡b †hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q msweavb n‡e m‡e©v”P AvBb| gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi msweav‡b H
14
K_v D‡jøL Kivi gva¨‡gB ïiæ nj mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï hyM| mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î AvBbmfv B”Qvaxb cÖYqb ev ms‡kva‡b
mÿg bq| msweav‡bi KZLvwb AvBbmfv cÖ‡qvRbxq c×wZ Abymv‡i ms‡kva‡b mÿg Ges KZLvwb bq Zv ¯úófv‡e ev AvKv‡i
Bw½‡Z ejv _v‡K| AvBbmfv hw` msweav‡bi m‡½ m½wZc~Y© bq Ggb †Kvb ms‡kvabx ev AvBb cvk K‡i Z‡e †mwU n‡e msweav‡bi
†PZbv cwicš’x| †Kvb AvBb ev ms‡kvabx hw` msweav‡bi m‡½ Am½wZc~Y© nq; ..... wK hw` msweav‡bi g~jmyi we‡ivaxI nq, Z‡e †m
15
AvBb ev ms‡kvabx evwZj †hvM¨| msweav‡bi GB †h, mvwe©K wbqš¿Y ÿgZv Zv mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨|
GiciI cÖkœ I‡V msweavb ‡Kvb& gvcKvwV‡Z AvBbmfvi ms‡kvabx ev AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv wbqš¿Y K‡i; hw` †mwU mivmwi
msweavbwe‡ivax bv nq| M‡elKMY gZ †`b †h, msweav‡bi Basic Structure ev Ò‡gŠwjK KvVv‡gvÓ Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K welqwU wePvi
Kiv nq| jÿ¨ Kiv nq †Kvb AvBb ev ms‡kvabx cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e msweav‡bi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvi †Kvb ÿwZ Ki‡Q wKbv ev
†gŠwjK KvVv‡gvwU wewNœZ n‡”Q wKbv; hwÌ ZË¡wU mv¤cÖwZK mg‡qi D™¢veb| †h mKj ¯’v‡b AvBb mfv RbgZ D‡cÿv K‡i †Kvb
AvBb cvk ev msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †Póv K‡i †mLv‡b GB ZË¡wU LyeB Dc‡hvMx| fvi‡Zi 39Zg msweavb ms‡kvabx‡Z Aby‡”Q`
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cÖwµqvwU `ywU avivq m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K| GKwU avivq mvaviY AvBb cv‡ki c×wZ‡Z, Ab¨ avivq Aby‡”Q` 368 Abymv‡i| Z‡e †h
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ms‡kvabx wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvq evwZj n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GKB m‡½ ms‡kvabxi c×wZwU 368 Aby‡”Q` G ejv Av‡Q †Kvb
RwUjZv m„wó n‡jI H Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡iB mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e Ab¨ †Kvb Aby‡”Q` Abymi‡Yi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| fvi‡Zi msweavb
ms‡kvab cÖwµqvq wjwLZ msweavb I mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï mKj êwkó¨B we`¨gvb|
hy³iv‡Rï wjwLZ msweavb bv _vKvq Gi ms‡kvab cÖwµqv fvi‡Zi gZ RwUj bq| hy³iv‡Rï msweavb ms‡kvab cÖwµqv
nvDR Ae KgÝ-Gi mvaviY msL¨vMwiôZv I jW© mfvi mvnv‡h¨B m¤úbœ n‡Z cv‡i| †Kvb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b ev †Kvb wel‡qi Aemvb
NUv‡bvi gZ ms‡kvabmg~nI Ab¨ AvB‡bi gZ mvaviY msL¨vMwiôZvq m¤úbœ n‡q _v‡K|47 ivYx Gme we‡j m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Aek¨B
Ki‡eb GwU AvbyôvwbKZv gvÎ|48 Z‡e †KŠkjMZfv‡e ejv nq ÒKzBb-Bb-cvjv‡g›UÓ AvBb cÖYqb K‡i _v‡Kb|49 cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
AwjwLZ msweavb nIqvq hy³iv‡R¨ msweavb ms‡kvab I mvaviY AvBb cÖYq‡bi †ÿ‡Î †Kvb c×wZMZ cv_©K¨ †bB|
ms‡kvab †nvK ev AvBb cÖYqb †nvK, †ewki fvM wej KgÝ mfv‡ZB cÖ_‡g Dc¯’vwcZ nq, Aek¨ jW© mfv‡ZI wej
50
Dc¯’vwcZ nevi bwRi Av‡Q| we‡ji †fZiI cÖKvi‡f` we`¨gvb †hgb we‡kl ¯^v_© m¤úwK©Z wej Ges mvaviY ¯^v_© m¤úwK©Z wej|
Dc¯’vwcZ nevi ci wej cv‡ki c~‡e© wZbwU cv‡Vi GKwU cÖ_v we`¨gvb Dfq mfv‡ZB| Aek¨ AvBb Abymv‡i GwU †Kvb eva¨Ki wbqg
bq; Dfq mfvB Av‡`‡ki gva¨‡g GB wbq‡gi e¨wZµg NUv‡Z cv‡i|51 wZbwU cv‡Vi ci KgÝ mfv mvaviY msL¨vMwiôZvq cvk
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Kivi ci wejwU jW© mfvq Dc¯’vwcZ nq Ges GKB wbq‡g cvk Kivi ci ivRv ev ivYxi m¤§wZi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ nq| wKš‘ jW©
12
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mfvi mvnvh¨ Qvov we‡kl †ÿ‡Î KgÝ mfv 1911 I 1949 mv‡ji cvj©v‡g›U AvBb Abymv‡i AvBb cÖYq‡b mÿg| A_© wej jW©
mfvi Awa‡ekb mgvß nevi GK gv‡mi Av‡M †cÖwiZ n‡j Ges †mwU GK gv‡mi †fZ‡i †Kvb ms‡kvabx Qvov jW© mfvq cvk bv n‡j
wb‡R †_‡KB AvB‡b cwiYZ nq|54 Ab¨ cvewjK wejmg~n jW© mfvi Aby‡gv`b QvovI AvB‡b cwiYZ n‡e hw` KgÝ mfv wejwU
cici `yÕwU Awa‡ek‡b MÖnY K‡i Ges jW©mfvi Awa‡ekb mgvß nevi GK gvm Av‡M †cÖwiZ n‡q Aby‡gv`b jvf bv K‡i Ges KgÝ
mfvi cÖ_g Awa‡ek‡b we‡ji wØZxq cvV I wØZxq Awa‡ek‡b we‡ji Z…Zxq cv‡Vi †fZi GK eQi AwZevwnZ n‡q hvq| Zvn‡j wejwU
jW© mfvi AbygwZ QvovB ivRv ev ivYxi m¤§wZ wb‡q AvB‡b cwiYZ n‡e|55 hy³iv‡Rï AvBb mfvK…Z †Kvb ms‡kvabx ev AvBb †Kvb
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fv‡eB cwieZ©b ev evwZj Kivi ÿgZv Ab¨ †Kvb ms¯’vi †bB KviY GLv‡b msm`xq cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ| msm‡ì ˆZix AvBb
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Av`vjZmn mKj cÿB gvb‡Z eva¨| Ab¨ msm`xq eë¯’vq †hgb msweav‡bi Av‡jv‡K ev †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvi Av‡jv‡K AvBbmfv
cÖYxZ ms‡kvabx ev AvBb wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbv ev evwZ‡ji my‡hvM we`¨gvb, hy³iv‡R¨ Zvi †Kvb cÖkœ †bB| AvBbmfv cÖYxZ
†Kvb AvBb ev ms‡kvabxi wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi my‡hvM †bB| AvBb mfvi ÿgZv †evSv‡Z ‡jvgx e‡j‡Qb, AvBb mfv ïay
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bvix‡K cyiæl Ges cyiæl‡K bvix‡Z cwiYZ Kiv Qvov Avi meB cv‡i| Z‡e hy³iv‡Rï AvBbmfvi ÿgZv ev cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î `ywU
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Af¨šÍixY wbqš¿Y n‡”Q Gi mve©‡fŠg ÿgZv †_‡K DrmvwiZ|
fviZ I hy³iv‡Rï mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv hv‡”Q, fvi‡Z mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ Ges hy³iv‡R¨ AvBb
mfvi cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ| fvi‡Zi mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvq AvBb mfv‡K msweav‡bi †gŠj KvVv‡gv †g‡b msweavb ms‡kvabmn Ab¨vb¨
AvBb cÖYqb Ki‡Z nq, wKš‘ hy³iv‡Rï AvBb mfv wjwLZ msweav‡bi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi wewa wb‡la QvovB AvBb cÖYq‡bi
AwaKvix| fvi‡Zi AvBb mfv KZ…©K cÖYxZ AvBb msweav‡bi m‡½ mvsNwl©K n‡j Av`vjZ KZ…©K evwZj n‡Z cv‡i; hy³iv‡Rï AvBb
mfvi cÖYxZ AvBb Av`vjZ KZ…©K evwZj nIqv m¤¢e bq|
mvwe©K Av‡jvPbvi †cÖÿvc‡U †`Lv hv‡”Q msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î AvBb mfvi f~wgKvB gyL¨| Z‡e mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï
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†ÿ‡Î AvBb mfvi ÿgZv Amxg|
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ˆ`wkK cwi‡cÖwÿZ
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evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ZvwË¡K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K `y®úwieZ©bxq †kªYxi| GKB m‡½ †`‡k mvsweavwbK cÖvavbÏ cÖwZwôZ| GB
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n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ c×wZ cÖwµqv AbymiY Kiv n‡jI mvwe©K we‡kølY Ges ZvwË¡K `„wó‡Z mKj ms‡kvabx weZ‡K©i D‡aŸ© _v‡Kwb| Ggb wK
GKvwaK ms‡kvabx wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvq evwZjI n‡q‡Q|61 msweav‡bi †fZiB msweavb ms‡kva‡bi wbqg c×wZ e‡j †Ìqv
Av‡Q| msweav‡bi †Kvb AskwU we‡kl msL¨vMwiôZvq e`j Kiv hv‡e Avi †Kvb AskwU e`j Ki‡Z n‡j MY‡fv‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb n‡e
62
†mwUI e‡j †`qv Av‡Q| wKš‘ msweav‡b ‡Kvb& ai‡bi cwieZ©b Av‡`Š Avbv hv‡e bv, Zv ¯úófv‡e ejv nqwb, ïay Bw½Z Kiv n‡q‡Q
Ges wewfbœ Aby‡”Q` we‡køl‡Y GKwU wb‡`©kbv ˆZix n‡q‡Q| welqwU ZvwË¡K I wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|
wek¦e¨vwc Gi GKwU me©Rbxb iƒcI we`¨gvb| mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î mvwe©Kfv‡e msweavb wKQz †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv aviY K‡i hv
cwieZ©b‡hvM¨ bq, evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb GB cÖKv‡ii| d‡j evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabx GKwU we¯Í…Z Ges my² Av‡jvPbvi `vwe
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evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabxi welqwU msweav‡bi 142 Aby‡”Q‡` we¯Í…Zfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i
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msweav‡bi †Kvb weavb ms‡kvab Kiv n‡e Zv ¯úó D‡jøL bv _vK‡j ms‡kvabx wejwU we‡ePbvi Rb¨ MÖnYB Kiv hv‡e bv Ges hw` G
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wbqg bv †g‡bB ms‡kvabx Kiv nq Z‡e ms‡kvabx evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †Kvb wej msm‡ì `yB Z…Zxqvsk
m`‡mï m¤§wZ‡Z Aby‡gvw`Z n‡Z n‡e Ges Aby‡gv`‡bi ci ivóªcwZi m¤§wZi Rb¨ Zvi wbKU †ck Ki‡Z n‡e Ges mvZ w`‡bi
†fZi wZwb we‡j m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb A_ev mvZ w`b ci wejwU‡Z m¤§wZ cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ n‡e| GKB m‡½ g‡b ivLv
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Ggbfv‡e Bw½Z †`qv Av‡Q hv‡Z my² I RwUj welq¸‡jvI `„wó ewnf©~Z bv _v‡K| Aby‡”Q` 142 Abymv‡i msm` msweav‡bi
mshy³KiY, cwieZ©b, cwiea©b ev e`‡ji AwaKvix| wKš‘ cwieZ©b, e`j ev mshy³KiY n‡Z n‡e ms‡kvabx ÿgZv I A‡_©i AvIZvq;
Ab¨_vq ms‡kvabx êa n‡e bv|66 msweavb ms‡kvabx cÖwµqvi GKwU wek¦Rbxb iƒc we`¨gvb, we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki wePvi wefvMxq
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ch©v‡jvPbv Gi GKwU gvb`Ð wbY©‡qi †PóvI Kiv n‡q‡Q| ms‡kvabxi A_© n‡”Q †Kvb mswewai eZ©gvb Ae¯’vq cwieZ©b mvab|
AvBb cwieZ©b Kiv nq Aby‡gvw`Z cš’vq cwieZ©b, cwiea©b ev mshy³Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g hv‡Z †mwU Av‡iv c~Y©Zv cvq ev ¯úó Kvh©Ki
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nq| wKš‘ ms‡kvab Ki‡Z wM‡q me mgqB ms‡kvab cÖwµqvi mxgve×Zvi K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e| c×wZ †g‡b h‡_”Q ms‡kvab ev
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gZB|69 hw` †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv cwieZ©b mva‡bi gZ ms‡kvabx Kiv nq Zvn‡j †mwU GKwU bZzb msweav‡b cwiYZ nq|70 ms‡kvabx
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DbœZi Kiv, G Rb¨ †hb Zv cÖYq‡bi D‡Ïk¨‡K Av‡iv mdjfv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i|71 d‡j msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î mew`K
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msweavb wjwLZ Ges GLv‡b mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ| GKB m‡½ G cÖkœI DÌvwcZ nq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb KZUzKz cwieZ©b
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Kiv hvq ev msm` msweav‡b KZUv cwieZ©b Avb‡Z cv‡ib ev msm` B”QvgZ cwieZ©b Avbq‡bi AwaKvix Kx bv| cÖ_g K_v n‡jv
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msweavb ms‡kva‡bi †Kvb ÿgZvB †bB| mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï †ÿ‡Î AvBb mfv B”Qvbyhvqx AvBb cÖYqb ev msweavb ms‡kvabxi
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KZUzKz AvBbmfv cwieZ©‡b mÿg Ges KZLvwb bq Zv ¯úófv‡e ev AvKv‡i Bw½‡Z ejv _v‡K Ges mvsweavwbK AvBb Øviv cÖwZwôZ
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†Kvb AvBb I ms‡kvabx hw` msweav‡bi m‡½ Am½wZc~Y© nq GgbwK hw` msweav‡bi ‡gŠj †PZbv we‡ivaxI nq, Z‡e †m AvBb ev
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ms‡kvabx evwZj‡hvM¨| msweav‡bi GB †h, mvwe©K wbqš¿Y ÿgZv GwUB mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨|
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A‡hŠw³K I AZ¨vPvig~jK †Kvb AvBb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv msm`mn †Kvb cÖwZôv‡biB †bB| GB ai‡Yi eë¯’v AvBb wnmv‡e M„nxZ nevi
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GLv‡b GKwU cÖkœ D‡V †h, Aby‡”Q` 7 -G ewY©Z Ab¨vb¨ AvBb hZLvwb AmgvÄm¨c~Y© ZZLvwb evwZj- K_vwU msweavb
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Av`vjZ wm×všÍ w`‡q‡Qb 152(1) Aby‡”Q‡` ewY©Z AvB‡bi e¨vL¨vi Aax‡b msweavb ms‡kva‡bi welqwUI Avm‡e Ges Aby‡”Q` 7 -G
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Aby‡”Q` 26 -Gi GKUz Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb| 1972 mv‡ji g~j msweav‡b 142 Aby‡”Q‡` msweavb ms‡kvabxi wel‡q ejvi mgq 26
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Aby‡”Q‡ì wel‡q †Kvb Avjv`v wKQz ejv nqwb| wKš‘ msweav‡bi wØZxq ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Aby‡”Q` 26 I Aby‡”Q` 142 -G
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cwieZ©b Kiv nq Ges 26 avivi cÖfve Le© K‡i †`qv nq| wKš‘ Aby‡”Q` 7 Gi †ÿ‡Î †Zgb †Kvb cwieZ©b GLb ch©šÍ Avbv nqwb|
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15
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83
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m¤úwK©Z|
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evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv cwieZ©bKvix †Kvb ms‡kvabx wewam¤§Z bq|
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msweavb ms‡kvab Ki‡Z nq| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †ÿ‡ÎI GwU cÖ‡hvR¨|
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KvVv‡gv cwieZ©bKvix †Kvb ms‡kvabx AvBbmfvi ms‡kvabx ÿgZvi AvIZvaxb bq|
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101
†Kv‡U©i wePvwiK ÿgZv Ges AvBbmfvi †Kvb wm×všÍ‡K ultra vires †NvlYvi ÿgZv LyeB ¯úó †evSv hvq|
wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi welqwU we‡k¦i cÖvq cÖwZwU †`‡kiB GKwU ¯^xK…Zcš’v, Aek¨ mKj †`‡ki wePvi wefvMxq
ch©v‡jvPbvi cš’v GKB iKg bq, †hgb Rvg©vwb, d«vÝ cÖf„wZ †`‡k msweavb welqK wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ Avjv`v
mvsweavwbK Av`vjZ Av‡Q| weª‡U‡bi gZ msm`xq cÖvav‡bï †`‡kI wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi bgybv †`Lv hvq|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k †h wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi ÿgZv Awc©Z Av‡Q m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi Ici †mwU msweavb
m¤§Z Ges GB cÖwµqvi GKwU wek¦Rbxb iƒcI we`¨gvb| Aek¨ evsjv‡`‡ki wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi ÿgZv evievi wewfbœ Kvi‡Y
evavMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q wewfbœ mg‡q|102 Z‡e mgKvjxb mg‡q G ÿgZv ixwZgZ
mycÖwZwôZ ejv hvq|
17
P~ovšÍ we‡ePbvq GK_v ejv hvq †h, evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb †h‡nZz mvsweavwbK cÖvav‡bï wbðqZv cÖ`vb K‡i, †m‡nZz msweavb
ms‡kvabxi †ÿ‡Î msweav‡bi D³ Ges Aby³ mKj wb‡`©kbv Abymv‡iB †Kej ms‡kvabx m¤¢e; Ab¨ †Kvb fv‡e bq| msweavb
AvBbmfvi nv‡Z msweavb ms‡kvabxi †h ÿgZv Ac©b K‡i‡Q Zv Amxg ev Awbqwš¿Z bq| AvBbmfv †KejgvÎ msweavb wb‡`©wkZ
c‡_ msweavb ms‡kva‡b mÿg; wKš‘ msweav‡bi Avg~j cwieZ©b Z_v †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡bi ÿgZvi AwaKvix bq| GKB m‡½
†`‡ki m‡e©v”P Av`vjZ wnmv‡e mycÖxg †KvU© AvBbmfvi msweavb ms‡kvabxi welqwU ch©v‡jvPbvi AwaKvix| GB cvi¯úwiK wbqš¿Y
c×wZi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †Kvb Avg~j cwieZ©b ïaygvÎ AvBbmfvi ms‡kvabKvix ÿgZv Øviv m¤¢e bq; Ges ïay gvÎ
c×wZ I cÖwµqv †g‡b AvBbmfv‡K KvR Ki‡j P‡j bv|
18
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. †K.wm.†nvq¨vi, AvaywbK msweavb (Abyev`), (XvKv: evsjv GKv‡Wgx, 1978) c„: 86|
2. H c„: 86|
3. H c„: 20|
4. H c„: 20,21|
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19
36. H
37. H P. P. 1030-1031.
38. H
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53. H
54. H P.P. 141-142.
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63. H|
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75. Md. Shoib V. Bangladesh, 27 DLR, 318.
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77. H|
20
78. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweavb-1972, Aby‡”Q`-26 I 142|
79. H, Aby‡”Q`-26 I 142|
81. Kudrat-E-Elahi V. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (AD), P.P. 319, 346.
82. cÖv¸³, Aby‡”Q`-65|
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86. cÖv¸³, Aby‡”Q`-26(1), (2)|
87. cÖv¸³, Aby‡”Q`-26(3), 142(2)|
88. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweavb-1972, Aby‡”Q`-26 I 142|
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90. Jibenda Kishore V. East Pakistan 9 DLR (SC) P.P. 21, 44.
91. The Special Powers Act with 9 other Acts, (Dhaka: DLR 2002) P.P. 18, 19.
92. Zahirul Haq, Law and Practice of Criminal Procedure, (Dhaka: Bangladesh law Book Company,
2001) P. 54.
94. H, 181.
95. H, 158.
96. 1967, AIR (SC) P. 1643.
97. 1973, AIR (SC) P. 1461.
98. Durga Das Basu, cÖv¸³, P.111.
99. cÖv¸³, Aby‡”Q`-102|
100. Jamil Haq V. Bangladesh, 34 DLR (AD) P. 125.
101. H|
102. Justice Mustaf Kamal, cÖv¸³, P. 138.
21
wØZxq Aa¨vq
cÖ_g ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
¯^vaxbZvi ci evsjv‡`‡ki mvg‡b me©v‡cÿv eo mgm¨vwU wQj GKwU mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv cÖwZôv Kiv Ges †m †ÿ‡Î GKwU
msweavb cÖYqb wQj LyeB Riæwi| welqwUi ¸iæZ¡ †m mg‡qi ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ h_vh_ fv‡eB Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y ¯^vaxbZv
cieZ©x GK eQ‡ii †fZiB GKwU msweavb cÖYqb Ges Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv cÖwZwôZ nevi ci Awbevh©fv‡eB P‡j
Av‡m cÖ‡qvRb I mg‡qi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L AMÖmi nevi cÖkwœ U| G mg‡qI cÖ‡qvR‡bi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Pj‡Z wM‡q msweav‡b
ms‡kvabxi A‡bK mgq ìKvi nq| GRb¨ c„w_exi cÖwZwU msweav‡bB, Zv †h †Kvb cÖK…wZi †nvK bv †Kb, ms‡kva‡bi weavb ivLv
nq| evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bI msweavb ms‡kvabxi weavb ivLv n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e
142, GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I-
(K) msm‡ì AvBb-Øviv GB msweav‡bi †Kvb weavb ms‡hvRb, cwieZ©b, cÖwZ¯’vcb ev iwnZKi‡Yi Øviv
ms‡kvwaZ nB‡Z cvwi‡et
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h,
(A) Abyiƒc ms‡kvabxi Rb¨ AvbxZ †Kvb we‡ji m¤ú~Y© wkibvgvq GB msweav‡bi †Kvb weavb ms‡kvab
Kiv nB‡e ewjqv ¯úóiƒ‡c D‡jøL bv _vwK‡j wejwU we‡ePbvi Rb¨ MÖnY Kiv hvB‡e bv;
(Av) msm‡ì †gvU m`m¨-msL¨vi Ab~¨b `yB-Z…Zxqvsk †fv‡U M„nxZ bv nB‡j Abyiƒc †Kvb we‡j
m¤§wZ`v‡bi Rb¨ Zvnv ivóªcwZi wbKU Dc¯’vwcZ nB‡e bv;
(L) Dcwi-D³ Dcv‡q †Kvb wej M„nxZ nBevi ci m¤§wZi Rb¨ ivóªcwZi wbKU Zvnv Dc¯’vwcZ nB‡j
Dc¯’vc‡bi mvZ w`‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb wejwU‡Z m¤§wZ`vb Kwi‡eb, Ges wZwb Zvnv Kwi‡Z Amg_© nB‡j D³ †gqv‡ì
Aemv‡b wZwb wejwU‡Z m¤§wZ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
jÿŸxq welq n‡jv, GB weavb Abymv‡i `yB Z…Zxqvsk msL¨vMwiôZvi gva¨‡g msweav‡bi †h †Kvb cwieZ©b Avbqb m¤¢e
wQj| wKš‘ c~e©eZ©x Aa¨v‡q ¯úó e¨vL¨v K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖK…Z c‡ÿ msL¨vMwiôZvi gva¨‡g B”QvgZ msweavb cwieZ©b Kiv
hvq bv| Gi cieZ©x mg‡q Avgiv D”P Av`vj‡Zi iv‡q AvIqvgx jxM Avg‡j K…Z PZz_© ms‡kvabx msweav‡bi m‡½ m½wZc~Y© nqwb
g‡g© gšÍe¨ †`L‡Z cvB|2
eZ©gvb Aa¨v‡q AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvg‡j msweav‡bi †h PviwU ms‡kvabx Avbv n‡qwQj †m¸‡jvi ‡fZi cÖ_g ms‡kvabxwU
we‡køwlZ n‡e, ‡Kvb †cÖÿvc‡U ms‡kvabwU Kiv n‡qwQj, †Kvb Ask ms‡kvwaZ n‡qwQj Ges ms‡kvabxi GKwU mvwe©K ch©v‡jvPbvI
Kiv n‡e| †h‡nZz msweavb ms‡kvabxi cÖwµqvwU AvBbx GRb¨ AvBbMZ welqwU GKUz †ewk cÖvavb¨ cv‡e Ges m½Z Kvi‡YB me¸‡jv
ms‡kvabxi we‡køl‡Yi AvK…wZ-cÖK…wZ mgvb n‡e bv; †Kbbv me ms‡kvabx GKB gvÎvi ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡iwb|
1972 mv‡ji 16 wW‡m¤î msweavb Kvh©Ki nevi Aí wKQz c‡iB msweav‡bi 1g ms‡kvabxi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †`Lv †`q|
evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡q †h mKj e¨w³eM© hy×vciv‡ai m‡½ RwoZ wQj Zv‡ì wePvi cÖwµqv‡K myMg Kivi Rb¨ GB
ms‡kvabx Avbv nq| 15 RyjvB, 1973 mv‡ji H ms‡kvabxwU wQj 1973 mv‡ji 15 bs AvBb| 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡M
†h †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡q‡Q †m my‡hvM wb‡q †hb hy×vciv‡ai `v‡q Awfhy³MY wePvi cÖwµqv Gwo‡q †h‡Z bv cv‡i †m Rb¨
22
msweavb ms‡kvabxi eë¯’v Kiv nq| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h, †h mKj e¨w³ gyw³hy‡×i mgq hy×vciva K‡iwQj Zv‡ì‡K ¯^vaxb
†`‡k wePvi Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl eë¯’v †bqv nq Ges Zv‡ì‡K wKQz AwaKv‡ii evB‡i ivLv nq, hyw³m½Z Kvi‡YB hy×vciva welqK GB
AvBb msweav‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKvi welqK fv‡Mi wKQz avivi m‡½ mvsNwl©K nIqvi Kvi‡Y hy×vciv‡a RwoZM‡Yi †m my‡hvM wb‡q
wePvi Gwo‡q hvevi Avk¼v wQj e‡jB H ms‡kvabx Avbv nq| hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii wel‡q H mgq cy‡ivRvwZB GKgZ wQj| d‡j
†m mg‡qi †bZ…Z¡‡K msweavb cÖYq‡bi Aí w`‡bi †fZiB welqwUi w`‡K `„wó w`‡Z n‡qwQj|
1973 m‡bi 15B RyjvB msweav‡bi cÖ_g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g hy×vcivax‡ì msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡M ewY©Z †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii
wbðqZv eënvi K‡i wePvi Gwo‡q hvIqvi my‡hvM eÜ Kiv R‡b¨ H fv‡Mi 47 Aby‡”Q‡` ms‡kvabx G‡b MYnZ¨vRwbZ Aciva,
gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciva ev hy×vciva Ges AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi Aaxb Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb mk¯¿ evwnbx ev cÖwZiÿv evwnbx ev
mnvqK evwnbxi m`m¨ wKsev hy×e›`x‡K AvUK, †dŠR`vix‡Z †mvc`© wKsev `Û`vb Kivi weavb-msewjZ †Kvb AvBb ev AvB‡bi weavb
GB msweav‡bi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ AmgÄm ev Zvnvi cwicš’x, GB Kvi‡Y evwZj ev †eAvBbx e‡j Mb¨ n‡e bv wKsev KLbI evwZj
ev †eAvBbx n‡q‡Q e‡j Mb¨ n‡e bv g‡g© cwieZ©b Kiv nq| GKB m‡½ GKB Aby‡”Q‡` 47K hy³ K‡i msweav‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKvi
fv‡Mi Aby‡”Q`- 31, 35(1) I (3) Ges 47 Aax‡b cÖ`Ë AwaKvi mg~n AcÖ‡hvR¨ †NvwlZ nq| GB cwieZ©‡bi d‡j msweavb
eënvi K‡i D”P Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g Acivax‡ì wePvi cÖwµqvq weNœ m„wói my‡hvM m¤ú~Y© iwnZ nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡M †gŠwjK AwaKvi welqK Aa¨v‡qi Aby‡”Q` 31, 35 -Gi Dcaviv 1 I 3 Ges 44
Aby‡”Q‡ì †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii †h welq¸‡jvi wbðqZv †`qv Av‡Q Zvi evB‡i †h mKj welq ev AvBb _vK‡e Zv Aby‡”Q` 47 -G ¯úó
K‡i ejv n‡jI hy×vciv‡ai wePvi wb‡q ˆZwi AvBbwUi wel‡q wKQz ejv wQj bv| d‡j hy×vciv‡ai `v‡q Awfhy³ e¨w³‡ì msweav‡bi
‡gŠwjK AwaKvi fv‡Mi m‡½ mvsNwl©K e‡j D”P Av`vj‡Z hy×vciva AvBbwU Ges GB AvB‡bi Aax‡b wePvi cÖwµqv evwZ‡ji Av‡e`b
Kivi my‡hvM wQj| GB ai‡bi mvsweavwbK RwUjZv Gov‡Z H ms‡kvabx Avbv nq|
23
GLv‡b Aby‡”Q` 31, 35(1) (3) Ges 44 D×„Z Kiv n‡jv-
Aby‡”Q`t-31
31| AvB‡bi Avkªqjvf Ges AvBbvbyhvqx I †Kej AvBbvbyhvqx eënvi jvf †Kvb ¯’v‡b Ae¯’vbiZ cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki
Ges mvgwqKfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ Acivci e¨w³i Awe‡”Q`¨ AwaKvi Ges we‡klZt AvBbvbyhvqx e¨ZxZ Ggb
†Kvb eë¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvB‡e bv, hvnv‡Z †Kvb e¨w³i Rxeb, ¯^vaxbZv, †`n, mybvg ev m¤úwËi nvwb N‡U|
Aby‡”Q`t-35(1)
35| (1) Aciv‡ai `vqhy³ Kvh© msNUbKv‡j ejer wQj, GBiƒc AvBb fsM Kwievi Aciva e¨ZxZ †Kvb e¨w³‡K
†`vlx mve¨¯Í Kiv hvB‡e bv Ges Aciva-msNUbKv‡j ejer †mB AvBb e‡j †h `Ð †Ìqv hvB‡Z cvwiZ, Zuvnv‡K
Zvnvi AwaK ev Zvnv nB‡Z wfbœ `Ð †Ìqv hvB‡e bv|
(3) †dŠR`vix Aciv‡ai `v‡q Awfhy³ cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ AvB‡bi Øviv cÖwZwôZ ¯^vaxb I wbi‡cÿ Av`vjZ ev UªvBey¨bv‡j
`ªæZ I cÖKvk¨ wePvi jv‡fi AwaKvix nB‡eb|
Aby‡”Q`t-44
44| (1) GB fv‡M cÖ`Ë AwaKvimg~n ejer Kwievi Rb¨ GB msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dv Abyhvqx nvB‡KvU©
wefv‡Mi wbKU gvgjv iæRy Kwievi AwaKv‡ii wbðqZv `vb Kiv nBj|
(2) GB msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡ì AvBb Aaxb nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi ÿgZvi nvwb bv NUvBqv msm` AvB‡bi Øviv Ab¨
†Kvb Av`vjZ‡K Zvnvi GLwZqv‡ii ¯’vbxq mxgvbvi g‡a¨ H mKj ev Dnvi †h †Kvb ÿgZv cÖ‡qv‡Mi ÿgZv `vb
Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|3
Aby‡”Q`-47 ms‡kvabx cieZ©x mg‡q wbgœiƒc jvf K‡it
47(1) wbgœwjwLZ †h ‡Kvb wel‡qi weavb-msewjZ †Kvb AvB‡b (cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g) msm` hw` ¯úóiƒ‡c †NvlYv K‡ib †h, GB msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡M ewY©Z ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZmg~‡ni
†Kvb GKwU‡K Kvh©Ki Kwievi Rb¨ Abyiƒc weavb Kiv nBj, Zvnv nB‡j Abyiƒc AvBb GB fv‡M wbðqK…Z †Kvb
AwaKv‡ii mwnZ AmgÄm wKsev Abyiƒc AwaKvi niY ev Le© Kwi‡Z‡Q, GB Kvi‡Y evwZj ewjqv Mb¨ nB‡e bvt
(K) ‡Kvb m¤úwË eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e MÖnY, ivóªvqËKiY ev `Lj wKsev mvgwqKfv‡e ev ¯’vqxfv‡e †Kvb
m¤úwËi wbqš¿Y ev eë¯’vcbv;
(L) evwYwR¨K ev Ab¨wea D‡`¨vMm¤úbœ GKvwaK cÖwZôv‡bi eva¨Zvg~jK mshy³KiY;
(M) Abyiƒc †h †Kvb cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjK, eë¯’vcK, G‡R›U I Kg©Pvix‡ì AwaKvi Ges (†h †Kvb
cÖKv‡ii) †kqvi I ÷‡Ki gvwjK‡ì †fvUvwaKvi we‡jvc, cwieZ©b, mxwgZKiY ev wbqš¿Y;
(N) LwbR`ªe¨ ev LwbR ˆZj-AbymÜvb ev jv‡fi AwaKvi we‡jvc, cwieZ©b, mxwgZKiY ev wbqš¿Y;
(O) Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³‡K AskZt cwinvi Kwiqv miKvi KZ…©K ev miKv‡ii wbR¯^, wbqš¿Yvaxb ev
eë¯’vcbvaxb †Kvb ms¯’v KZ…©K †h †Kvb Kvievi, eëmvq, wkí ev Kg©wefvM-Pvjbv; A_ev
24
(P) ‡h †Kvb m¤úwËi ¯^Z¡ wKsev †ckv, e„wË, Kvievi ev eëmvq-msµvšÍ †h †Kvb AwaKvi wKsev †Kvb
mswewae× miKvix cÖwZôvb ev †Kvb evwYwR¨K ev wkíMZ D‡`¨v‡Mi gvwjK ev Kg©Pvix‡ì AwaKvi
we‡jvc, cwieZ©b, mxwgZKiY ev wbqš¿Y|
(2) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I cÖ_g Zdwm‡j ewY©Z AvBbmg~n (Abyiƒc AvB‡bi
†Kvb ms‡kvabxmn) c~Y©fv‡e ejer I Kvh©Ki nB‡Z _vwK‡e Ges Abyiƒc †h †Kvb AvB‡bi †Kvb weavb wKsev
Abyiƒc †Kvb AvB‡bi KZ…©‡Z¡ hvnv Kiv nBqv‡Q ev Kiv nq bvB, Zvnv GB msweav‡bi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ AmgÄm
ev Zvnvi cwicš’x, GB Kvi‡Y evwZj ev †eAvBbx ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e bv;
1
[Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, GB Aby‡”Q‡ì †Kvb wKQzB Abyiƒc †Kvb AvBb‡K ms‡kvab, cwieZ©b ev evwZj Kiv
nB‡Z wbe„Ë Kwi‡e bv|]
2
(3) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I MYnZ¨vRwbZ Aciva, gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciva ev
hy×vciva Ges AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi Aaxb Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb mk¯¿ evwnbx ev cÖwZiÿv evwnbx ev mnvqK
evwnbxi m`m¨ 3[ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³, e¨w³ mgwó ev msMVb] wKsev hy×e›`x‡K AvUK, †dŠR`vix‡Z †mvc`© wKsev
`Û`vb Kwievi weavb-msewjZ †Kvb AvBb ev AvB‡bi weavb GB msweav‡bi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ AmgÄm ev
Zvnvi cwicš’x, GB Kvi‡Y evwZj ev †eAvBbx ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e bv wKsev KLbI evwZj ev †eAvBbx nBqv‡Q ewjqv
Mb¨ nB‡e bv|]
4
[47K| (1) †h e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì (3) `dvq ewY©Z †Kvb AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ nq,
†mB e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi 31 Aby‡”Q`, 35 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) I (3) `dv Ges 44 Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb
wbðqK…Z AwaKvimg~n cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bv|
(2) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I †h e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi Aaxb †Kvb cÖwZKv‡ii
Rb¨ mycÖxg †Kv‡U© Av‡e`b Kwievi †Kvb AwaKvi †mB e¨w³i _vwK‡e bv|]
cÖ_g ms‡kvabxwU wQj cÖK…Zc‡ÿ hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii †h AvKv•ÿv Zvi m‡½ m½wZc~Y©| GB cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q RvZxq
6
msm‡` wej DÌvwcZ nq RyjvB gv‡mi wØZxq mßv‡n| Dc¯’vwcZ wejwU‡Z PviwU ms‡kvabxi cÖ¯Íve K‡ib h_vµ‡g AvIqvgx jxM Gi
Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb, Rvm‡ì Avãym mvËvi, Avãyjøvn miKvi Ges AvBb gš¿x kªx g‡bviÄb ai| Gi †fZi Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb I kªx
g‡bviÄb a‡ii ms‡kvabxmn wejwU cvk nq| we‡ji c‡ÿ c‡owQj 254 †fvU Ges wec‡ÿ †Kvb †fvU c‡owb| Aek¨ Avãym mvËvi,
7
gvb‡e›`ª bvivqb jvigv Ges Avãyjøvn miKvi †fvU `v‡b weiZ wQ‡jb|
ms‡kvabxi welqwU‡Z msm‡ì †fZ‡i evB‡i †Zgb †Kvb mgv‡jvPbv nqwb| †Kbbv hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡ii wel‡q mevB
GKgZ wQ‡jb| ZvQvov msweav‡bi ïiæ †_‡KB wKQz AvBb‡K †gŠwjK AwaKvi fv‡Mi evB‡i ivLv n‡qwQj 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g|
cÖ_g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †m ZvwjKvq GKwU bZzb welq hy³ nIqv †Kvb Awfbe welq wQj bv|
myZivs GK_v ejv ejv hvq †h, 1g msweavb ms‡kvabx n‡qwQj mg‡qi cÖ‡qvR‡b Ges GKwU AvBbMZ RwUjZv Gwo‡q
hy×vcivax‡ì wePvi wbwðZ Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡K Ges G wel‡q msm‡ì †fZ‡i evB‡i we‡kl †Kvb Av‡jvPbv mgv‡jvPbv †`Lv
hvqwb| evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv GB ms‡kvabxi ‡Kvb euvKe`jKvix D‡`¨vM wQj bv| Aek¨ gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvi †cÖÿvc‡U Ges
‰bqvwqK cÖ‡kœ ms‡kvabxwU wQj ZvrÿwYK I my`~icÖmvix ¸iæZ¡en|
25
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. Article 142, Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 1972.
2. Hamidul Haq Chowdhury V. Bangladesh, 33 DLR, P.381.
3. Articles 31, 35(1)(3), Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 1972.
4. Article 47, Ibid.
5. Article 47 ibid, 1979.
6. ‰`wbK evsjv, XvKv, 13 RyjvB 1973|
7. H, 15 RyjvB 1973|
26
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
wØZxq ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

msweav‡b cÖ_g `dv ms‡kvabxi K‡qK gv‡mi †fZi wØZxq `dv ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq Ges 1973 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î
gv‡m GB ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g msweav‡bi wKQz AwZ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cwieZ©b Avbv nq Ges GB cwieZ©b cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki ivóª I
ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqvq my`~icÖmvix cÖfve †i‡LwQj| 22 †m‡Þ¤î 1973 mv‡j K…Z wØZxq ms‡kvabxwU wQj H mv‡ji 24 bs AvBb|
evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci †_‡KB †`‡k wKQz ivR‰bwZK RwUjZvi m„wó n‡qwQj| we‡kl K‡i ¯^vaxbZvi c‡ÿi e¨w³i †fZi
Av`wk©K Ges ivR‰bwZK gZwe‡iva w`b w`b Zz‡½ DVwQj| Ggb Kx ÿgZvmxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Af¨šÍ‡iB ci¯úi we‡ivax c‡ÿi
Ae¯’vb ¯úó AvKvi wbw”Qj| Avi Gi m‡½ ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivaxivI †bc‡_¨ cÖkvmb‡K Aw¯’wZkxj Kivi Rb¨ f~wgKv ivLwQj e‡jI †Rvi
m‡›`n wQj|
¯^vaxbZvi ci msweavb cÖYqb cÖwµqvi mg‡qB AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii we‡ivwaZv ïiæ nq| b¨vc †bZv gvIjvbv Avãyj
nvwg` Lvb fvmvbx MYcwil‡ì msweavb cÖYq‡bi AwaKvi wb‡qB cÖkœ DÌvcb K‡ib G Rb¨ †h, cvwK¯Ívb KvVv‡gv‡Z wbe©vwPZiv
1 2
evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb cÖYqb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mvaviY m¤úv`K Aveyj evmviI GKB gZ †`b| G mKj we‡ivaxiv
1973 mv‡ji †Mvov †_‡K A‡bKUv myMwVZ I Zxeª AvKvi wb‡Z _v‡K| Gi Av‡M 1972 mv‡ji 24 wW‡m¤î Rvm` GKwU we‡ivax
ivR‰bwZK `j wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i 105 m`‡mï mvsMVwbK KwgwU MV‡bi gva¨‡g| Gi evB‡i AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi †bZ…Z¡vaxb
RvZxq jxM, wmivR wmK`v‡ii me©nviv cvwU© miKv‡ii weiæ‡× Ae¯’vb †bq| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb, me©nviv cvwU©i mk¯¿ wecø‡ei †Póv
Ges LZ‡gi ivRbxwZ †`‡ki w¯’wZkxjZvq †ek weNœ NUvw”Qj Ges GKB m‡½ Rvm‡ì MYevwnbxi mk¯¿ ZrciZvI miKv‡ii Rb¨
A¯^w¯ÍKi wQj|
we‡ivax `‡ji GB ZrciZv †gvKv‡ejvq AvIqvgx jxMI GKv wQj bv| Zvi m‡½ mg_©b †hvMvw”Qj b¨vc (†gvRvddi) Ges
gwb wms Gi †bZ…Z¡vaxb KwgDwb÷ cvwU© Ae evsjv‡`k (wm.wc.we)|
m`¨ ¯^vaxb †`‡k Ggwb GKwU A¯^w¯ÍKi ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZi †fZi msweavb Kvh©K‡ii Kvi‡Y MYcwil‡ì wejywßi ci Ges
†`‡ki bZzb msm` cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wbe©vPbx Zdkxj †NvwlZ nq| 1973 mv‡ji 7 gvP© mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| †m wbe©vP‡b †gvU
14wU ivR‰bwZK `j Ges 1075 cÖv_©x cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ib| wbe©vP‡bi Av‡MB 11 Rb AvIqvgx jxM cÖv_©x webv cÖwZØw›ØZvq wbe©vwPZ
nb| GKRb cÖv_©x gviv hvIqvq †mLv‡b wbe©vPb ¯’wMZ wQj Ges evKx 288wU c‡` wbe©vPb nq| wbe©vP‡bi me©‡kl djvd‡j AvIqvgx
jxM 293wU Avmb jvf K‡i Ges 5 Rb ¯^Zš¿ cÖv_©x I `yÕRb we‡ivax m`m¨ Rqjvf K‡ib|
3
wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M I c‡i ÿgZvmxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi AvPiY weZwK©Z wQj| wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi Rbmfv
cÐ Kiv nq Ges wZwb Avµg‡Yi wkKvi nb|4 wbe©vP‡b webv cÖwZØw›ØZvq wbe©vwPZ nevi wel‡qI †Rvi-Rei`w¯Íi NUbv N‡U e‡j
Awf‡hvM Av‡Q|5 wbe©vP‡bi c‡i AšÍZ 30 Rb we‡ivax `jxq cÖv_©xi Rqjv‡fi m¤¢vebv wQj miKvwi cÎ-cwÎKvi wnmve Abymv‡i| G
g‡g© msevÌ cÖKvwkZ nq|6 wKš‘ wbe©vP‡bi ci djvd‡j Zvi †Kvb cÖwZdjb †`Lv hvqwb| Awf‡hvM Av‡Q, †Kvb †Kvb we‡ivax `jxq
7
cÖv_©x‡K weRqx †NvlYvi ciI civwRZ †NvlYv Kiv nq| we‡ivax `j wbe©vP‡b miKvwi `‡ji GB AvPi‡Yi ci AwaKZi
Av‡›`vjbgyLx n‡q c‡o| GKB m‡½ GK_v ejv cÖ‡qvRb wbe©vPb wb‡q weZK© m„wó bv Ki‡jI ÿgZvmxb AvIqvgx jx‡Mi Rq wbwðZ
wQj| †Kbbv we‡ivax `j¸wji msMVb †hgb `yej © wQj †Zgwb ZLb ch©šÍ e½eÜz †kL gywRei ingv‡bi e¨w³MZ RbwcÖqZvI wQj
8
AvKvk‡Quvqv|
27
¯^vaxbZvi ci H mgqUv‡Z AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZI wbqš¿‡Y _vKwQj bv| bvbv Kvi‡Y GKUv eo mgm¨v wQj hy× †diZ
gyw³‡hv×v‡ì wbqš¿Y Kiv| 1972 mv‡ji 30 Rvbyqvix `k w`‡bi mgq w`‡qI Zv‡ì A¯¿ mgc©b m¤úbœ Kiv‡bv hvqwb| †kl ch©šÍ
9
24 †deªæqvix †kL gywRei ingvb wewfbœ evwnbx wejyß †NvlYv K‡ib| wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †kl ch©šÍ wecyj msL¨K A¯¿ Avi Rgv nqwb,
hv cieZ©x‡Z wewfbœ wbwl× msMV‡bi gva¨‡g eëüZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Awf‡hvM Av‡Q| Ab¨ w`‡K AvIqvgx jx‡Mi f~wgKvwUI k„•Ljv iÿvi
c‡ÿ wQj bv| Zvi A½-msMVb¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e cÖwZcÿ‡K wPwðý Kivi Kv‡R wjß n‡qwQj| Zviv wewfbœ evwnbx MVb K‡i G KvR
10
ïiæ K‡iwQj| Ggwb GKUv evwnbx wQj jvj evwnbx hvi cÖwZôvZv wQ‡jb AvIqvgx jxM †bZv Avãyj gvbœvb| GB evwnbx mviv †`‡k
11
we‡ivax kªwgK msMVb‡K wbwðý Kivi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i|
G iKg ci¯úiwe‡ivax kw³ cÖ`k©bx Ges `vwqZ¡nxb AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y †`‡ki AvBb-k„•Ljvi AebwZ †hgb nw”Qj †Zgwb
miKviI Aw¯’wZkxj n‡q D‡VwQj| GiKg Ae¯’vq AvIqvgx jxM miKvi cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejvq K‡Vvi c_ Aej¤^‡bi c_ a‡i| wKš‘
†m †ÿ‡Î Zv‡ì nv‡Z we‡kl †Kvb AvBbx my‡hvM wQj bv| D‡ëv msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡M †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii †h wbðqZv †`qv wQj
Zv‡Z wbeZ©bg~jK †Kvb eë¯’v †bqv m¤¢e wQj bv msweav‡b cwieZ©b bv G‡b| msweav‡bi 26 Aby‡”Q`wU ¯úófv‡eB e‡j‡Q|
Aby‡”Q`t-26
26| (1) GB fv‡Mi weavbvejxi mwnZ AmgÄm mKj cÖPwjZ AvBb hZLvwb AmvgÄm¨c~Y©, GB msweavb-cÖeZ©b
nB‡Z †mB mKj AvB‡bi ZZLvwb evwZj nBqv hvB‡e|
(2) ivóª GB fv‡Mi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ AmgÄm †Kvb AvBb cÖYqb Kwi‡eb bv Ges Abyiƒc †Kvb AvBb cÖYxZ nB‡j
Zvnv GB fv‡Mi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ hZLvwb AmvgÄm¨c~Y©, ZZLvwb evwZj nBqv hvB‡e|
d‡j Aby‡”Q`wU-‡Z bZzb K‡i GKwU 3 Dc-aviv †hvM Kiv n‡jv|

1
(3) msweav‡bi 142 Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb cÖYxZ ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î GB Aby‡”Q‡ì †Kvb wKQzB cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bv|
GB Aby‡”Q` m‡Ë¡I msweav‡b Z…Zxq fv‡M 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì gva¨‡g KwZcq AvBb‡K msiÿ‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv nq| AvBb¸‡jvi
†gŠwjK AwaKvi we‡ivax PwiÎ m‡Ë¡I| G †ÿ‡Î Aby‡”Q` 26 I Aby‡”Q` 47 Gi †fZi GKwU we‡iva we`¨gvb wQj| hwÌ Aby‡”Q`
47 -Gi gZ wewae× eë¯’v c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki msweav‡bB we`¨gvb Av‡Q; GwU †Kvb Awfbe eë¯’v wQj bv|
GLv‡b GKwU welq ¯úó Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi `ywU we‡kl e¨wZµgx PwiÎ wQj; cÖ_gZ GB msweav‡b
†Kvb wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki weavb wQj bv Ges wØZxqZ, Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYv Ges †gŠwjK AwaKvi ¯’wMZKi‡Yi msµvšÍ weav‡bi
Abycw¯’wZ| 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡b GB `ywU welq AšÍfy©³ bv nevi †cQ‡b g~j KviY wQj evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK †bZ…‡Z¡i
c~e©vwfÁZv| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j hLb evOvwj Zv‡ì AwaKvi Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Av‡›`vjb msMÖvg KiwQj ZLb msweav‡b GB wbeZ©bg~jK
ÿgZv eënvi K‡i Zv `g‡bi †Póv we‡klfv‡e jÿŸxq wQj| 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvB‡bI Avgiv wbeZ©bg~jK eë¯’v I
Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYvi wewae× eë¯’v †`L‡Z cvB| GiB avivevwnKZvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi 1956 Ges 1962 mv‡ji msweav‡bi wbeZ©bg~jK
AvUK I Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYvi weavb AšÍf³ y© n‡qwQj Ges Zv AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvifv‡e eëüZ n‡qwQj ev½vjx‡ì weiæ‡×| Ab¨w`‡K
fviZxq msweav‡bi 352 Aby‡”Q‡` ejv Av‡Q †h, hy× wKsev ewn¯’ AvMÖvmb wKsev Af¨šÍixY †Kvb As‡ki wbivcËv wewNœZ n‡j
ivóªcwZ Zvi B”Qv Abymv‡i Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|12 Dcgnv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi †mB êwkó¨ †_‡K evsjv‡`k
†ei n‡q Avmvi D‡`¨vM wb‡jI cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Zv‡K †kl ch©šÍ GKB aviv‡Z wd‡i †h‡Z nq gvÎ bq gv‡mi †fZiB msweav‡b wØZxq
ms‡kvabx G‡b|
GLv‡b †m mg‡qi GKwU Av‡jvwPZ mvsweavwbK ¸iæZ¡ enbKvix GKwU gvgjvi K_v ejv ìKvi GRb¨ †h, gvgjvwUi
gva¨‡gI miKvi msweavb cwieZ©‡bi cÖ‡qvRb Abyfe K‡iwQ‡jb|
28
13
G wU g„av ebvg miKvi gvgjvwU 1973 mv‡ji 29-32 †g †Z Ges miKvi ebvg G wU g„av gvgjvwU 1974 mv‡ji gvP©
14
gv‡mi 7 ZvwiL mycÖxg †Kv‡U© wb¯úwË nq| gvgjvq nvB‡KvU© wefvM miKv‡ii wec‡ÿ ivq w`‡jI mywcÖg †KvU© †mwU i` K‡i †`b|
gvgjvi weei‡Y †`Lv hvq 1972 mv‡ji 15 b‡f¤î Lyjbvi †`ŠjZcy‡i cv‡Ui ¸`vg¸‡jv‡Z Av¸b †`qv n‡j G wU g„av Ges
Zvi mn‡hvMx‡ì weiæ‡× gvgjv nq Ges Zv we‡kl Av`vj‡Z wePv‡ii eë¯’v nq; H we‡kl Av`vjZ MwVZ n‡qwQj ivóªcwZi 1972
mv‡ji 50 b¤î Av‡`k e‡j| Awfhy³MY gnvgvb¨ nvB‡Kv‡U© gvgjv †_‡K Ae¨vnwZ cvevi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡ib Ges Rvwgb cÖv_©bv
K‡ib|
gvgjvwU‡Z AskMÖn‡Yi mgq miKvi e‡jb ‡h, gvgjvwU ïbvbxi †Kvb GLwZqvi GB Av`vj‡Zi †bB| †Kbbv Av‡jvP¨
ivóªcwZi Av‡`kwUi 15 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i welqwU iwnZ K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| D”P Av`vjZ ïaygvÎ Aa¨v‡`‡ki 12 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i
kvw¯Íi weiæ‡× Avwcj ïb‡Z cvi‡eb| gvbbxq nvB‡KvU© †kl ch©šÍ gvgjvwU‡Z miKv‡ii e³e¨ MÖnY K‡ib wb G Rb¨ †h, ivóªcwZi
Aa¨v‡`‡ki None Obstante 15 As‡k A_©vr Aby‡”Q` 15 msweavb KZ©„K D”P Av`vjZ‡K cÖ`Ë 15 Aby‡”Q‡ì AwaKvi‡K Le© K‡i
bv| gnvgvb¨ mywcÖg‡KvU© gvgjvwU‡Z Aek¨ †kl ch©šÍ nvB‡Kv‡U©i ivq evwZj K‡i †`q miKv‡ii Avwcj MÖnYc~e©K|
GB gvgjvq miKv‡ii AwfÁZvwUi gva¨‡g GwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq †h, ïay gvÎ msweav‡bi 47(2) Aby‡”Q‡ì wfwË‡Z
msweav‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKvi Aa¨v‡qi m‡½ Am½wZc~Y© AvBb w`‡q cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY D”P Av`vj‡Zi e¨vL¨v‡Z
GwU ¯úó wQj †h, msweavb Abymv‡i †`‡ki D”P Av`vjZ wePvivaxb wewfbœ gvgjvq cÿM‡Yi Av‡e`b wb¯úwË Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|
GgZve¯’vq miKvi mvwe©K w`K we‡ePbvq msweav‡bi wØZxq ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM †bq| hwÌ GB ms‡kvabx e¨vcKfv‡e mgv‡jvwPZ
n‡qwQj Ges GwU wQj msweav‡bi g~j †PZbvi cwicš’x|
1973 mv‡ji 22 †m‡Þ¤î wØZxq ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g we‡kl ÿgZv AvB‡bi Aax‡b AvUKK…Z e¨w³eM© hv‡Z msweav‡bi
†gŠwjK AwaKvi fv‡Mi eënvi K‡i Qvov †c‡q bv hvq ev miKvi GB ai‡bi Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb cÖYqb I cÖ‡qv‡Mi †ÿ‡Î mvsweavwbK
euvavi m¤§yLxb bv nb †m R‡b¨ Aby‡”Q` 26 i mv‡_ Z…Zxq `dv hy³ K‡i †gŠwjK AwaKv‡ii m‡½ mvsNwl©K AvBb cÖYq‡bi euvav
`~ixf~Z Kiv Ges 33 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwieZ©b G‡b wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv nq| GKB m‡½ Aby‡”Q` 141 i c‡i beg
fvM wnmv‡e Aby‡”Q` 141K mshy³ K‡i ivóªcwZi gva¨‡g ‡`‡ki cÖ‡qvR‡b Riæix Ae¯’v †Nvlbvi weavb ˆZix Kiv nq; GB weavb
wbwe©Nœ Ki‡Z msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 63 Ges 72 GiI ms‡kvab Kiv nq|
1973 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤î gv‡mi Z…Zxq mßv‡n msweav‡bi wØZxq ms‡kvabxwU msm‡` Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| wejwU DÌvc‡bi Lei
16
cÎ-cwÎKv¸‡jv‡Z GK iKg wbiæËvcfv‡e Ges we‡kl †Kvb gšÍe¨ QvovB cÖKvk Kiv nq| wejwU Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ DÌvwcZ n‡j
we‡ivax `‡ji m`m¨MY Gi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Rbve AvZvDi ingvb Lvb wejwUi Rb¸iæZ¡ we‡ePbv K‡i Gi Ici RbgZ hvPvB
Kivi cÖ¯Íve †`b|17 wKš‘ RbgZ hvPvB Gi cÖ¯Íve KÚ‡fv‡U bvKP n‡q hvq|18 H GKB mg‡q we‡ivax `‡ji Rbve Avãym mvËv‡ii
wej wb‡q e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi cÖqvm ¯úxKvi KZ©„K bvKP n‡q hvq|19
we‡ji Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q we‡ivax `‡ji Rbve AvZvDi ingvb GK `xN© e³…Zv K‡ib| wZwb wejwUi AvBbMZ
‰eaZvi cÖkœ †Zv‡jb Ges G‡K AmvsweavwbK e‡j AwewnZ K‡ib| Zvi g‡Z, wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki ÿgZv Ges Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYvi
ÿgZv .......... Ges `yB `yÕwU QvovB Aby‡”Q` 63 Abymv‡i Gme cwiw¯’wZ †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e| Riæwi Ae¯’v PjvKvjxb mg‡q
†gŠwjK AwaKvi ¯’wMZ Ges D”P Av`vj‡Zi ÿgZv mxwgZ Kivi welqwUi Rbve AvZvDi ingvb Lvb Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges wejwU
20
cybwe©‡ePbv Ki‡eb e‡j Avkv K‡ib| mvsm` ˆmq` Kvgiæj Bmjvg, †gvnv¤§` mvjvn DÏxb wØZxq ms‡kvabx‡K gvby‡li gib duv`
21
e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib|
we‡ji Ici mgvcbx e³e¨ w`‡Z wM‡q AvBbgš¿x Rbve g‡bviÄb ai we‡ji c‡ÿ wewfbœ hyw³ Zz‡j a‡ib G e‡j †h,
msweav‡bi 63 Aby‡”Q` eënvi K‡i Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hvM †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e bq; myZivs Avjv`v ms‡kvabxi cÖ‡qvRb| GKB m‡½
29
wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki wel‡q wZwb e‡jb †`‡ki AvBb k„•Ljvi ¯^v‡_© GUv cÖ‡qvRb Ges c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki AvBb k„•Ljvi ¯^v‡_©
22
GUv we`¨gvb Ges c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki msweav‡b Zv we`¨gvb Av‡Q|
we‡ivax m`mïv †Kvbfv‡eB wØZxq ms‡kvabxi miKvwi hyw³ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| wKš‘ Zviv wQ‡jb msL¨vq AwZ bMY¨;
myZivs Zv‡ì c‡ÿ we‡kl †Kvb Kvh©Ki cÖwZ‡iva ev cÖwZKvi Kiv m¤¢e nqwb| Zv‡ì cÖ`Ë wewfbœ cÖ¯ÍveI msm‡` KÚ‡fv‡U bvKP
23
n‡q wM‡qwQj| GgZve¯’vq wej cv‡ki mgq we‡ivax m`m¨‡ì A‡b‡K AvZvDi ingvb Lv‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ IqvK AvDU K‡ib| wejwUi
c‡ÿ 267 Rb mvsm` †fvU w`‡jI wec‡ÿ †Kvb †fvU c‡owb Ges msm‡` wejwU cvk Kiv wb‡q †Kvb Drmvn DÏxcbv †`Lv hvqwb|
KvRwU m¤úbœ Kiv nq hvwš¿K AvbyôvwbKZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q|24
we‡ji weiæ‡× we‡ivaxiv ïiæ †_‡KB †mv”Pvi wQj msm‡ì †fZ‡i Ges evB‡i| msm‡ì evB‡i ˆ`wbK MYKÚ m¤úv`Kxq
wj‡L wØZxq ms‡kvabx we‡ji Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡i| GB KvR‡K Zviv cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡ji kvmK‡ì Kv‡Ri m‡½ Zzjbv K‡ib Ges
Avk¼v Kiv nq Gi d‡j †mbvevwnbxmn Ab¨vb¨ AvBb k„•Ljv iÿvKvix evwnbx ivR‰bwZK †ilv‡iwli †fZi P‡j Avm‡e| miKvi‡K G
ai‡bi Kv‡Ri fqven cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© mveavb K‡i †`qv nq|25 b¨v‡ci 17, 18 I 19 †m‡Þ¤^‡ii AbywôZ RvZxq Kvh©Kix KwgwUi
mfvq GB we‡ji Zxeª we‡ivwaZv Kiv nq| ejv nq, cÖMwZkxj e¨w³‡ì wbwðý Kivi Rb¨B GB ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM Ges Gi weiæ‡×
26
Av‡›`vjb M‡o †Zvjvi †NvlYv †`qv nq| hwÌ cieZ©xKv‡j †Kvb we‡ivax cÿ †_‡KB GB Bmy¨‡Z †m A‡_© †Kvb Av‡›`vjb Avi
jÿ¨ Kiv hvqwb|
†`Lv hv‡”Q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nIqvi ci msweavb cÖYq‡bi mgq †h Avkv-AvKv•ÿv aŸwYZ n‡qwQj, g~j¨‡eva MÖw_Z n‡qwQj
msweav‡bi †fZi eQi bv †ciæ‡ZB Zv Avi _v‡Kwb- eis D‡ëv hvÎv ïiæ n‡q‡Q| 1935 mv‡ji fviZ kvmb AvBb †_‡K ïiæ K‡i
cieZ©xKv‡j cy‡iv Dcgnv‡`k Ry‡o kvmb wefv‡Mi nv‡Z †gŠwjK AwaKvi ÿzYœKvix †h me AvBb msweav‡b mwbœ‡ewkZ n‡qwQj m`¨
¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k †m Nivbv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avm‡Z †P‡qwQj; wKš‘ cv‡iwb| †`‡ki mvwe©K Ae¯’v w`b w`b wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j hvw”Qj,
g~jZ ivR‰bwZK cÿ¸‡jvi AwZgvÎvq DMÖ AvPi‡Yi Kvi‡Y Ges miKv‡ii I ÿgZvmxb `‡ji AvPiYI wQj cÖkœwe×| Ae¯’v
†gvKv‡ejvq miKvi Ggb K‡Vvi eë¯’v wb‡Z PvBwQ‡jb hv‡Z cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj †`qv hvq| wKš‘ K‡Vvi eë¯’v †bevi Rb¨ †m iKg
AvBb Zvi nv‡Z wQj bv| we‡kl K‡i msweav‡bi †gŠwjK AwaKvi Aa¨vqwU G †ÿ‡Î we‡kl cÖwZeÜK wQj Ges Riæwi Ae¯’v w`‡q
†gŠwjK AwaKvi ¯’wM‡ZiI †Kvb eë¯’v ev my‡hvM miKv‡ii nv‡Z wQj bv| Z‡e miKv‡ii msweavb ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM m¤ú~Y© mr
D‡Ï‡kï wQj Ggb g‡b Kiv AbywPZ| msm‡ì †fZ‡i Ges evB‡i ms‡kvabxwU wb‡q cÖPzi mgv‡jvPbv wQj| PZz_© ms‡kvabxi wel‡q
Av‡jvPbvi mgq cÖm½wU we¯ÍvwiZ fv‡e Avm‡e| myZivs mvwe©K wePv‡i ejv hvq, ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k GKwU m¤ú~Y© MYZvwš¿K I †gŠwjK
AwaKv‡ii wbðqZvc~Y© †h mvsweavwbK hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi gva¨‡g wØZxq ms‡kvabx †m aviv †_‡K wePz¨wZi
m~Pbv K‡iwQj|
30
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. gvIjvbv fvmvbxi e³e¨, ˆ`wbK evsjv, XvKv, A‡±vei 21, 1972|
2. ‰`wbK evsjv, XvKv, 29 A‡±vei, 1972|
3. Al Masud Hasanuzaman, Role of Opposition in Bangladesh Politics, (Dhaka; UPL, 1998) P.44.
4. gI`y` Avng`, †kL gywRei ingv‡bi kvmbKvj, (XvKv; BDwcGj, 1987) c„: 171|
6. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Bangladesh Observer, Dhaka, 4th March, 1973.
7. gI`y`, cÖv¸³, c„: 180|
8. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Zillur R. Khan, Leadership Crisis in Bangladesh (Dhaka: UPL, 1984)
P.P.98-102.
9. Morning News, XvKv, 25 ‡deªæqvix, 1972|
10. gI`y`, cÖv¸³, c„: 186|
11. eìæwÏb Igi, Holiday, XvKv, GwcÖj 8, 1973|
12. fviZxq msweavb wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb Durga Das Basu, Shorter Constitution of India.
13. 25 DLR (HCD), P. 335 and Solicitor Goverment of Bangladesh Vs. A.T. Mirdha, 26 DLR
(SC) 17.
14. evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb nevi ci nvB‡KvU© Ges mywcÖg‡KvU© `yÕwU Avjv`v Av`vjZ wQj; cieZ©xKv‡j GwU evsjv‡`k
mywcªg‡Kv‡U©i `yÕwU wefvM- nvB‡KvU© I Avwcj wefvM wnmv‡e cybM©Vb Kiv nq|
15. Non obstavit clause ej‡Z eySv‡bv nq †Kvb AvB‡bi Ab¨ AvB‡bi Dci cÖvavb¨‡K|
16. Ô‰`wbK evsjvi evYxÕ, XvKv 19 †m‡Þ¤î 1973 Ges ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvK, XvKv, 10 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973 `ªóe¨|
17. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì weZ©K miKvwi weeiYx, LÛ-3, msL¨v-5, c„: 171|
18. Ôevsjvi evYxÕ, XvKv, 21 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973|
19. RvZxq msm` weZK©, cÖv¸³, c„:171, m¤ú~Y© e³…Zv †`Lyb|
20. cÖv¸³, c„: 171-176|
21. cÖv¸³, c„: 176|
22. we¯ÍvwiZ †`Lyb, cÖv¸³, c„: 177-182|
23. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv 21 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973|
24. H|
25. Ô‰`wbK RbKÉÕ, XvKv 20 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973|
26. H, 23 †m‡Þ¤î, 1973|
31
PZz_© Aa¨vq
Z…Zxq ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

msweav‡b Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxi welqwU GKUz e¨wZµgx Ges Awfbe| GB ms‡kvabxwU Avbv nq D”P Av`vj‡Zi ch©‡eÿY
Abymv‡i| 1974 mv‡j evsjv‡`k fviZ Zv‡ì mxgvšÍ we‡iva mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKwU Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i, Pzw³wU w`jøx Pzw³ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| G Pzw³ Abymv‡i †`k `yÕwUi †fZi wKQz wQUgnj wewbgq nq| Gi d‡j †`‡ki mxgvšÍ cyb:wba©vi‡Yi cÖkœwU P‡j Av‡m| cÖkœ
n‡”Q GB ai‡bi Pzw³ Kivi AwaKvi miKv‡ii Av‡Q Kx bv Ges GwU msweav‡bi cÖ`Ë ÿgZv ewnf©~Z Kxbv| GgZve¯’vq KvRx
†gvL‡jmyi ingvb D”P Av`vj‡Z GKwU ixU Av‡e`‡bi gva¨‡g H Pzw³wUi êaZv P¨v‡jÄ K‡ib| Zvi Av‡e`b nvB‡KvU© KZ©„K bvKP
1
nevi ci wZwb welqwU mycÖxg‡Kv‡U© Avwcj K‡ib nvB‡Kv‡U©i mvwU©wd‡KU wb‡q|
KvRx †gvL‡jmyi ingvb Zvi Av‡e`‡b e‡jb †h, evsjv‡`k miKvi Ges fviZ miKvi `y'‡`‡ki cÖavbgš¿xi gva¨‡g 16 †g
1974 mv‡j w`jøx Pzw³ bv‡g †h Pzw³ m¤úv`b K‡i‡Qb †mwU †`‡ki f~-L‡Ði cwieZ©b G‡b‡Q hv AvBbMZ ÿgZv ewnf©~Z Ges Gi
†Kvb AvBbx êaZv †bB|2 Av‡e`bKvix Rvbvb 1958 mv‡ji byb-‡bniæ Pzw³ Abymv‡i 12 bs `wÿY †eiæevox BDwbqb Ges Gi
wbKUeZ©x Ab¨ wQUgnj¸‡jv B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ask n‡q wM‡q‡Q|
msweav‡bi 2(K) Aby‡”Q`wU n‡PQ
Aby‡”Q`t-2(K)
2| cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªxq mxgvbvi AšÍf³
©y nB‡e
(K) 1971 Lªxóv‡ãi gvP© gv‡mi 26 Zvwi‡L ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYvi AeëwnZ c~‡e© †h mKj GjvKv jBqv c~e© cvwK¯Ívb
MwVZ wQj 1[Ges msweavb (Z…Zxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1974 G
AšÍf©y³ GjvKv ewjqv DwjøwLZ GjvKv, wKš‘ D³ AvB‡b ewnf©~Z GjvKv ewjqv DwjøwLZ GjvKv Zèwnf~©Z; Ges]
(L) †h mKj GjvKv cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvfy³ nB‡Z cv‡i|3
w`jøx Pzw³ Abymv‡i H ¯’vb¸‡jv‡Z fviZxq AwaKvi envj nevi welqwU msweav‡bi H Aby‡”Q‡ì ¯úó j•Nb Ges †`‡ki
4
cÖavbgš¿x Zvi Ici Awc©Z 55 (2) Aby‡”Q‡ì ÿgZv e‡j Ggb Pzw³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
Aby‡”Q`t-55
(1) .....................
(2) cÖavbgš¿x KZ©„K ev Zuvnvi KZ©„‡Z¡ GB msweavb Abyhvqx cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx ÿgZv cÖh³
y nB‡e|
(3) .....................
(4) .....................
(5) .....................
(6) .....................
gnvgvb¨ nvB‡KvU© Av‡e`bwU Av‡e`bKvixi Locus Standi Gi cÖkœ Zz‡j LvwiR K‡i w`‡jI msweav‡bi 103(2)(K) Aby‡”Q`
Abymv‡i mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`vb K‡ib æCertificate for leave as prayed for under Article 103(2)(a) of the Constitution
is granted” Ges Gi d‡j mycÖxg‡Kv‡U© welqwU wb¯úwËi Rb¨ Avwcj mnR nq Av‡e`bKvixi Ges wZwb Avwcj K‡ib| nvB‡Kv‡U©i
mvwU©wd‡KU cÖ`v‡bi welq wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡jI AvwcjwU ïbvbxi Rb¨ MÖnY K‡ib|
mycÖxg †Kv‡U© cÖ‡kœ D‡V Av‡e`bKvixi †Kvb Locus Standi Av‡Q wK bv| Avwcj wefv‡Mi gZ wQj|
32
The fact that the appellant is not a resident of south Berubari union No. 12 of the
adjacent en claves involved in the Delhi treaty . . . to be heard in this case. We
heard him in view of the constitutional issue . . . to move through out the territory of
Bangladesh to reside and settle in any place of Bangladesh . . . they parade and
extended to every inch of the territory of Bangladesh.5
GLv‡b msweav‡b 36 Aby‡”Q`wU GKUz D×„Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
Aby‡”Q`t-36
36| Rb¯^v‡_© AvB‡bi Øviv Av‡ivwcZ hyw³m½Z evavwb‡la-mv‡cÿ evsjv‡`‡ki me©Î Aeva Pjv‡div, Bnvi †h †Kvb
¯’v‡b emevm I emwZ¯’vcb Ges evsjv‡`k Z¨vM I evsjv‡`‡k cyb:cÖ‡ek Kwievi AwaKvi cÖ‡Z¨K bvMwi‡Ki _vwK‡e|
Locus Standi wel‡q Schwartz and Wade Gi D×„wZ we‡kl cÖwYavb‡hvM¨
Restrictive rules about standing are in general inimical to a healthy system of

administrate law. If a plaintiff with a good case in turned way we rely because he is not
sufficiently affected personally that mean that some government agency is left free to
violate the law and that in contrary to public
interest. 6
mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i Avwcj wefvM ixU Av‡e`bKvixi Locus Standi Av‡Q gZ w`‡q Av‡e`bwU On Merit wePvi K‡ib| G
ÿ‡Î Av`vjZ Pzw³i welqwU‡K Act of State weavq MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb GRb¨ †h, kvwšÍi mgq G welq¸‡jv Av`vj‡Zi
†`Lvevi AwaKvi Av‡Q| Avwcj wefvM Av‡e`bwU mvwe©Kfv‡e we‡ePbv K‡i Zvi wm×všÍ cÖ`vb K‡ib|
1958 mv‡j 10 †m‡Þ¤î byb-‡bniæ Pzw³i ci fviZxq mycÖxg‡KvU© fviZ miKvi‡K fviZxq msweav‡bi 143 aviv Abymv‡i
msweav‡b beg ms‡kvabx 1960 Avbqb K‡i|7 GLv‡b ¯úófv‡e ejv nq- cÖavbgš¿x Zuvi Aby‡”Q` 55(2) Gi ÿgZve‡j G †`‡ki
f~-LÐ cyb:wba©vi‡Yi welq n‡Z cv‡i Ggb ai‡bi Pzw³ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv Ges msweav‡bi 143(2) Aby‡”Q` ms‡kvab K‡iI †mUv m¤¢e
bq| Aby‡”Q` 143(2) wbgœiƒct
Aby‡”Q`:-143
143 (2) msm` mg‡q mg‡q AvB‡bi Øviv evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbvi Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq Rjmxgv I
gnx‡mvcv‡bi Ges evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq Rjmxgv I gnx‡mvcv‡bi mxgv-wba©vi‡Yi weavb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ msweav‡b 142 Aby‡”Q` Abymv‡i Aby‡”Q` 2(K) †Z ms‡kvabx Avbvi cÖ‡qvRb co‡e Pzw³wU‡K msweav‡bi
m‡½ m½wZc~Y© Ki‡Z|
Aek¨ Av‡e`bKvixi Avwcj Av‡e`bwU ‘Premature’ e‡j LvwiR K‡i‡Qb Dc‡ivwjøwLZ gšÍe¨mn|
D”P Av`vj‡Zi GB iv‡qi ci miKvi msweav‡b Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| D”P Av`vjZ Zvi wm×všÍ †`b 3
†m‡Þ¤î 1974 Ges miKvi H eQi b‡f¤î gv‡mi †kl mßv‡n RvZxq msm‡` msweavb ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve DÌvcb K‡ib|8
33
1974 mv‡ji 28 b‡f¤î Kiv Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 2 Gi cwieZ©b K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbv
cybtwba©vi‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq Ges evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii m‡½ fviZ miKv‡ii 1974 mv‡ji 16 †g m¤úvw`Z Pzw³i êaZv cÖ`vb Kiv
nq| Aby‡”Q` 2 †Z evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbv wbw`©ó _vKvi Kvi‡Y GB Aby‡”Q‡` cwieZ©b Qvov 1974 mv‡j m¤úvw`Z wmUgnj msµvšÍ
Pzw³wU Kvh©Ki Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
we‡ji Ici Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q we‡ivax m`mïv we‡ji Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡i G‡K msweavb we‡ivax Ges wek¦vmNvZKZv
e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib|9 we‡ivax `‡ji AvZvDi ingvb Lvb e‡jb †eiæevox evsjv‡`‡ki Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges `nMÖvgI wPiKvj
10
Avgv‡ìB wQj| wZwb wewbg‡qi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| Rvm` †bZv Avãym mvËvi e‡jb, 7 †KvwU gvbyl Gi gvwjK, Zv‡ì Kv‡Q
11
wejwU RbgZ hvPvB Gi Rb¨ cvVv‡bv †nvK| mvsm` Kvgiæj Bmjvg †gvnv¤§` mvjvDwÏb Zvi Av‡jvPbvq miKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k e‡jb
12
†h, †`L‡Z n‡e †Kvb fv‡e Avgiv mve©‡fŠgZ¡ we‡ivax ms‡kvabx AvbwQ wK bv| ciivóªgš¿x Wt Kvgvj †nv‡mb mgv‡jvPbvi Rev‡e
e‡jb, wejwU we‡klÁ‡ì Øviv cixÿv K‡i †`Lv n‡q‡Q, †Kvb ÎæwU bvB| ZvQvov D”P Av`vj‡Zi ch©‡eÿY Abymv‡i GB ms‡kvabx
13 14
Avbv n‡q‡Q e‡j wZwb Rvbvb| wejwU 261-7 †fv‡U cvk nq| GLv‡b jÿŸxq welq wQj c~‡e©i GB ms‡kvabxi mgq we‡ivax
m`mïv IqvK© AvDU K‡i cÖwZev` K‡iwQ‡jb, wKš‘ Gevi Zviv †fv‡U Ask wb‡q wec‡ÿ †fvU cÖ`vb K‡ib|
msweav‡bi Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxwU †Kvb Af¨šÍixY cÖ‡qvR‡b m¤úvw`Z nq wb, eis cÖwZ‡ekx iv‡óªi m‡½ m¤úK© Av‡iv my`„p Kiv
Ges mxgvšÍ msµvšÍ RwUjZv wbim‡bi Rb¨ M„nxZ c`‡ÿc‡K RwUjZv gy³ Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b Kiv n‡qwQj| GLv‡b Av‡iv D‡jøL¨ †h,
GB ms‡kvabxwU D”P Av`vj‡Zi wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍi †cÖÿvc‡U GB D‡Ï¨vMwU †bIqv n‡qwQj| Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxwU GKB m‡½ cÖwZ‡ekx
fvi‡Zi m‡½ mym¤úK© `„p Kivi †ÿ‡Î Ges mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv wVK ivLvi †ÿ‡Î we‡kl ¸iæZ¡ enb K‡i|
34
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. mvsweavwbK ¸iæZ¡m¤úbœ wel‡q mywcÖg‡Kv‡U© mivmwi Avwc‡ji my‡hvM cvIqvi Rb¨ nvB‡KvU© KZ©„K GKwU mvwU©wd‡KU
†`qv nq †h, gvgjvwU mvsweavwbK ¸iæZ¡m¤úbœ, Gi d‡j wjf Uz Avwcj Kivi cÖ‡qvRb nq bv|
2. Kazi Mukhlesur Rahman Vs. Bangladesh, 26 DLR (SC) P.44.
3. Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, 1972.
4. Ibid.
5. Kazi Mukhlesur Rahman Vs. Bangladesh p. 44
6. Quoted in Islam, Constitutional Law in Bangladesh p.603.
7. 1960, AIR (SC) 845.
8. Ô‰`wbK RbKÉÕ, XvKv, 22 b‡f¤î, 1974|
9. H|
10. H|
11. H|
12. H|
13. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, 24 b‡f¤î, 1974|
14. H|
35
cÂg Aa¨vq
PZz_© ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q me©v‡cÿv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Av‡jvwPZ mgv‡jvwPZ I weZwK©Z ms‡kvabwU wQj msweav‡bi PZz_© ms‡kvabx|
1972 mv‡j msweavb Kvh©Ki nevi ci msweav‡b GKvwaK ms‡kvabx Avbv n‡jI †m¸wj GZUv weZK© m„wó K‡iwb- hZUv PZz_©
ms‡kvabx K‡iwQj|
PZz_© ms‡kvabxwU wQj 1975 m‡bi 2 bs AvBb Ges AvBbwU 25 Rvbyqvix msm‡` 292-0 I 294-0 †fv‡U cvk nq|
ZrKvjxb AvBbgš¿x Rbve kªx g‡bviÄb ai H w`b wejwU RvZxq msm‡` DÌvcb K‡ib, we‡kl jÿŸxq welq nj, G ai‡bi msweavb
ms‡kvabx wej DÌvc‡bi ci msm‡` e¨vcK Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM †`qv wbqg Ges cÖ_v| wKš‘ G ‡ÿ‡Î Zv gvbv nqwb| A‡bKUv
AvKw¯§Kfv‡eB wejwU msm‡` DÌvcb K‡i cvk Kwi‡q †bqv nq AvovB wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨B| hwÌ Gfv‡e msweavb ms‡kvabx wej cvk
Kiv‡bv cÖ_v we‡ivax| PZz_© ms‡kvabx msm‡` GZ `ªæZ cvk Kiv‡bv n‡jI Gi GKwU RwUj †cªÿvcU we`¨gvb; e½eÜzi ms‡kvab
cieZ©x fvl‡YI welqwU cÖwZdwjZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e cÖkœ †_‡KB †M‡Q †h, msweav‡bi †gŠwjK PwiÎ e`‡ji gZ †cÖÿvcU cÖK…Zc‡ÿ D™¢e
n‡qwQj Kx bv; A_ev cwiw¯’wZ wbqš¿‡Y Avi †Kvb Dcvq wQj Kx bv|
PZz_© ms‡kvabxi †cÖÿvcU cÖK…Zc‡ÿ msweav‡bi wØZxq ms‡kvabxi †cÖÿvc‡Ui Abyiƒc, Z‡e cwiw¯’wZ wQj AwaKZi RwUj I
Nbxf~Z| ¯^vaxbZvi ci bZzb †`‡k ïiæ †_‡KB wewfbœ RwUjZvi D™¢e n‡qwQj| cÖ_g `yB eQi welqwU A‡bKUv Pvcv I wbqš¿‡Y
_vK‡jI cwiw¯’wZ µ‡gB AZ¨šÍ RwUj I wbqš¿‡Yi evB‡i P‡j hvw”Qj| GB ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nevi †cQ‡b ˆ`wk©K I êwk¦K
Dfq cÖKvi KviYB we`¨gvb wQj|
GKwU †`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabxi gZ wel‡q êwk¦K cÖfve Kxfv‡e wbqš¿K wnmv‡e mwµq n‡e Zv GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© we‡eP¨
welq| G ‡ÿ‡Î `yÕwU welq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡et GKwU n‡”Q cÖfvewU wQj c‡ivÿ; Ges wØZxqZ, †mmg‡qi wek¦ ivRbxwZi cwigÐ‡j
bexb evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vbMZ cwiw¯’wZ †`kwUi Af¨šÍixY welq‡K `yÕfv‡e cÖfvweZ KiwQj|
1. wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y

AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi cÖavb Kzkxje‡ì wewfbœ fv‡e Gi Af¨šÍixY wel‡q cÖZ¨ÿ ev c‡ivÿfv‡e n¯Í‡ÿc|
2. wek¦ ivRbxwZi Av`wk©K †giæKiY †`‡ki

Af¨šÍixY ivR‰bwZK cwigÛj‡K eûav wef³ K‡i RwUj K‡i Zz‡jwQj|
weMZ kZ‡Ki mËi `kK ev ZviI Av‡M †_‡K evsjv‡`k hLb cvwK¯Ív‡bi ivóªxq h‡š¿i weiæ‡× AwaKvi Av`v‡qi msMÖv‡g
iZ wQj ZLb †_‡K GB Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖavb †bZ…¯’vbxq‡ì AvcvZt`„kgvb PwiÎ wQj mgvRZvwš¿K Av`‡k©i m‡½ m½wZc~Y© †h Kvi‡Y
cwðgv miKvi¸‡jvi GKUz mw›`× `„wó wQj GB w`‡K| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, †nv‡mb knx` †mvnivIqv`©xi †bZ…‡Z¡ AvIqvgx
jxM hLb cvwK¯Ív‡bi ÿgZvq Av‡ivnY K‡i| ZLb wKš‘ ‡m miKvi LyeB cwðg-†Nulv wQj| hwÌ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi `„k¨gvb Av`k© Zv
wQj bv| H wePz¨wZUzKz ev` w`‡j cvwK¯Ívb ivóªxq KvVv‡gvi weiæ‡× ev½vwj †bZ…‡Z¡i µgvMZ msMÖv‡gi cÖwZ cwðgv‡ì åæ-KzwÂZ Kivi
KviY wQj| GB avivevwnKZv‡Z 1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i mgq fviZmn mgvRZvwš¿K ivóª¸‡jv evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv gyw³hy‡×i c‡ÿ
mwµq Ae¯’vb †bq Ges gvwK©b hy³ivóªmn cwðgv miKvi¸‡jv cvwK¯Ívb iv‡óªi ALÐZvi c‡ÿ Ae¯’vb †bq|1 G ch©v‡q cwðgv
‡`k¸‡jvi RbM‡Yi Ae¯’vb Aek¨ wfbœ wQj| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, Pxb wQj evsjv‡`‡ki gyw³hy‡×i m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax| hwÌ †`kwU
mgvRZvwš¿K wQj, ZeyI Zvi Ggb Ae¯’v‡bi KviY wQj gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi m‡½ Zvi m`¨ ïiæ nIqv gayPw›`ªgvq cvwK¯Ív‡bi AbyNU‡Ki
f~wgKv cvjb-RwbZ mngwg©Zv|
36
G †cÖÿvc‡U ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki Ici cwðgv Ges mgvRZvwš¿K Dfq c‡ÿi `„wóf½x Zv‡ì wbR¯^ Av`wk©K Ges f~-
ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vb †_‡K D™¢~Z| Zv‡Z K‡i †`Lv wMqv‡Q †h, m`¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`k Zvi A_©‰bwZK `~ive¯’v †_‡K †ewi‡q ¯’vb jv‡fi
Rb¨ †h, mvnv‡hï Avkv K‡iwQj Zv-I wewfbœ fv‡e evavMÖ¯Í n‡q‡Q Ges †`k¸‡jv wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡ì Av`wk©K fvevcbœ †`kxq
†Mvôx¸‡jvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wbR¯^ cÖfve
we¯Ív‡ii †Póv K‡i‡Q Zv †`‡ki ZrKvjxb miKvi‡K `viæY mgm¨vq †d‡j‡Q cÖvqB|
1971 mv‡ji gyw³hy‡×i ciciB evsjv‡`k Zvi AeKvVv‡gv cybM©V‡bi Rb¨ Ges A_©‰bwZK k„•Ljv wdwi‡q Avbvi Rb¨
wek¦m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ici A‡bKLvwb wbf©ikxj wQj| †mwUB wQj civkw³mg~‡ni mvg‡b GKwU eo my‡hvM| Z…Zxq we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡k G
my‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡q wbqvgK kw³¸‡jv Zv‡ì ¯^v_© D×v‡ii †Póv K‡i‡Q, evsjv‡`kI G c×wZi evB‡i wQj bv| GLv‡b g‡b ivL‡Z
n‡e †h, H mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki mvg‡b cwðgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨ wb‡q we‡kl wPšÍvfvebvi my‡hvM wQj bv| †Kbbv evsjv‡`‡ki †h cwigvY
A_©‰bwZK mvnvh¨ ìKvi wQj Zv †èvi ÿgZv mgvRZvwš¿K †`k¸‡jvi wQj bv; hwÌ Zviv Av`wk©Kfv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki c‡ÿ wQj|
Ae¯’v GZUvB m½xb wQj †h, ZvRDÏxb Avn‡g‡ì gZ gš¿x‡K ev` †èvi gZ KvRI Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q ZrKvjxb miKvi‡K cyuwRev`x‡ì
Zzó Kivi cÖ‡qvR‡b|2
¯^vaxbZvi Av‡M evsjv‡`k we‡`kx FY ev mvnv‡hï Ici A‡bKUv wbf©ikxj wQj| †m Ae¯’v ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q Av‡iv
cÖKU nq hy×weaŸ¯Í cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y| hy× cieZ©x 6 gv‡m 612 wgwjqb BDGm Wjvi †èvi cÖwZkÖæwZ wQj Ges cieZ©x 1972-73
mv‡j Av‡iv 446 wgwjq‡bi gZ| Z‡e 1973 mv‡ji ga¨ fvM ch©šÍ GB cÖwZkÖæwZi 29 fvMB wQj Lv`¨ mvnvh¨, †Kbbv hy‡×i Kvi‡Y
†`‡k Lv`¨ mgm¨v wQj cÖKU|3 GLv‡b Aa¨vcK †ingvb †mvenv‡bi gZ wQj Ggb, æWhatever may have been the complexion
of the post-liberation period this was a phase where the narcotics of foreign aid was injected
into the veins of the economy as an adrenalin to revive its moribund state”4 hwÌ mv‡o mvZ‡KvwU gvbyl‡K
iÿvq mvnvh¨ ìKvi wQjB| wKš‘ 1972-73 mv‡j evsjv‡`k †h cwigvY mvnvh¨ †c‡q‡Q c‡i Avi Zv cvqwb5; gZvšÍ‡i 1973-75
6
mgqKvj wek¦e¨vcx g›`vi av°v evsjv‡`‡ki Muv‡qI jvMvi Kvi‡Y GLv‡b 1974 mv‡j `ywf©ÿ †`Lv †`q| GKB m‡½ ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h,
gyw³hy×Kvjxb mg‡q gvwK©b hy³ivóª I cwðgv we‡k¦i miKvi¸‡jvi m‡½ evsjv‡`‡ki we‡ivac~Y© m¤ú‡K©i †ik GB mgqI PjwQj|
d‡j m`¨ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK cÖ‡qvR‡b HmKj iv‡óªi h_vh_ mvnvh¨ cvIqv hvw”Qj bv, we‡kl K‡i gvwK©b miKvi 1974 -
Gi Lv`¨vfv‡ei mg‡q evsjv‡`k‡K Lv`¨ mvnv‡hï wel‡q Avk¦¯Í Ki‡jI †kl ch©šÍ mvnvh¨ cvVvqwb| Gi d‡j `~f©xÿ Awbevh© n‡q
hvq| ¯úóZB ejv hvq, AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZi †cÿvc‡U gvwK©b miKv‡ii GB AvPiY evsjv‡`‡ki Lv`¨ msK‡U Ab¨Zg wbqvgK
wnmv‡e f~wgKv †i‡L‡Q|
G AÂj me mgqB Lv`¨ NvUwZi AÂj wQj| wKš‘ mËi `k‡K eb¨v, R‡jv”Qvm Ges gyw³hy‡×vËi cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y Ae¯’v
Av‡iv RwUj iƒc jvf K‡iwQj| wKš‘ ¯^vaxbZvi ciciB wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K mvnv‡hï Kvi‡Y ZvrÿwYK `~ie¯’v m„wó nqwb| wKš‘ Õ74
mv‡j cwiw¯’wZ Avi †gvKv‡ejv Kiv hvqwb| †`‡k `~wf©ÿ †j‡MB wM‡qwQj| 1973 mv‡ji †g gv‡m RvwZmsN gnvmwPe KzU IqvBì‡ng
7
RvwZms‡N evsjv‡`‡ki Rb¨ mvnv‡hï K_v ejwQ‡jb| ZLb wZwb `ywf©‡ÿi Avk¼vi K_vI e‡jwQ‡jb | wKš‘ H mvnvh¨ †m fv‡e Avi
cvIqv hvqwb| †ingvb †mvevnvb‡K D×„Z Ki‡j Gfv‡e ejv hvq, æIndeed in the post-liberation period,
following the massive flow of aid into Bangladesh for relief, rehabilitation and
reconstruction in 1972-73 aid disbursements in subsequent years have never again attained that level”.8
d‡j 1974 mv‡j wbwðZ `ywf©ÿ †`Lv w`j Ges Gi d‡j †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZI DËvj n‡q DVj| AvcÖvY †Póv K‡iI
evsjv‡`k cwðg `ywbqv †_‡K cÖvw_©Z mvnvh¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
ê‡`wkK cÖfv‡ei wØZxq iƒcwU wQj Av`wk©K| evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK cwigÐj wQj eûav wef³| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h,
GB wefw³ †Kvb AvKw¯§K wefw³ wQj bv Ges Gi †kuKo wQj A‡bK Mfx‡i †cÖvw_Z| e„wUk Avgj †_‡K GLvbKvi ivR‰bwZK
cwigÐj Wvb-evgmn bvbvwea aviv Dcavivq wef³ wQj| wefw³ KL‡bvB †_‡g hvqwb Ges w`b w`b ZxeªZv †e‡o‡Q| Ggb Kx
Avgv‡ì gyw³hy‡×i mgqI GBiƒc cÖKU fv‡eB we`¨gvb wQj| me †_‡K RwUj welq wQj †h, gyw³hy‡×i cÿ-wecÿ `yÕwU cÖavb fv‡Mi
37
†fZiI Av‡iv A`„k¨ wefw³ we`¨gvb wQj| ¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi mg‡q †m wefw³ Av‡iv cÖKU iƒc jvf K‡i| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb ‡h,
¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi mg‡q evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z `yÕwU cÖavb Av`wk©K fvM wQj- GKwU cÖMwZkxj cÿ Ab¨wU cÖwZwµqvkxj cÿ| Z‡e G
wnmv‡ei †ÿ‡Î `yÕwU welq g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb- cÖ_gZ, cÖMwZkxj c‡ÿi †fZi eûav wefw³B ïay wQj bv; †ÿÎ we‡k‡l AZ¨šÍ wZ³
m¤úK©I we`¨gvb wQj| Lyb-cvëv Ly‡bi gZ NUbvI NUwQj| Ab¨ w`‡K cÖwZwµqvkxj †ewki fvM `jB gyw³hy‡×i cÖZ¨ÿ we‡ivwaZv
K‡i wbwl× †NvwlZ n‡qwQj ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x mg‡q; hwÌ G‡Z Zv‡ì †Mvcb ZrciZv †_‡g wQj bv Ges AmyweavRbK cwiw¯’wZi
Kvi‡Y G mKj `‡ji †fZi GK ai‡bi †KŠkjMZ HK¨ we`¨gvb wQj| H cÖwZwµqvkxj `j¸‡jvI †`‡ki we`¨gvb Aw¯’i Ae¯’v‡K
Av‡iv Aw¯’wZkxj Kivi Rb¨ †Mvcb ZrciZvq wjß wQj|
¯^vaxbZv c~e©eZ©x mgq †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK cwigÐ‡j †h wefw³ wQj, ZvB Av‡iv cÖKwUZ nq ¯^vaxbZv cieZ©x
mg‡q| †`‡ki ivR‰bwZK Aw¯’iZv Pig AvKvi jvf Ki‡Z ïiæ K‡i| H †cÖÿvc‡U 1973 mv‡j †h mvaviY wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq Zv
weZwK©Z wbe©vP‡b cwiYZ nIqvq Ae¯’vi Av‡iv AebwZ nq|
1973 mv‡ji cÖ_g mvaviY wbe©vP‡b †PŠÏwU ivR‰bwZK `‡ji 1575 Rb cÖv_©x cÖwZØw›ØZv K‡ib| wKš‘ wbe©vPb †Kvb fv‡eB
myôz Ges wbi‡cÿ wQj bv e‡j e¨vcK gZ we`¨gvb| wbe©vP‡bi g‡bvbqb cÎ Rgv`v‡bi ci †`Lv †Mj 6Rb AvIqvgx jxM cÖv_©xi
cÖwZØ›Øx †bB Ges wbe©vP‡bi g‡bvbqb `vwL‡ji ci †`Lv hvq Av‡iv 5Rb AvIqvgx jxM cÖv_©xi weiæ‡× cÖwZØw›ØZvKvix Zv‡ì cÖvw_©Zv
9
cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i wb‡q‡Qb| Awf‡hvM Av‡Q, Gme we‡ivax‡ì mš¿vmx Kvh©Kjv‡ci gva¨‡g wbe©vPb †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z eva¨ Kiv
n‡qwQj| ïay Zv-B bq, wbe©vP‡bi mgq cÖavb we‡ivax `jxq †bZv‡ì †fvU KviPzwci gva¨‡g cwieZ©b Kiv nq hv H mg‡qi cÎ-
cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ nq|10 Z‡e GK_v wVK, hw` H mKj Awbqg bvI nZ ZeyI AvIqvgx jx‡Mi wbi¼zk weRq wQj mywbwðZ| 1973
mv‡ji wbe©vP‡b we‡ivax `j me©‡gvU 9wU Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡iwQj Ges evKx 291wU Avm‡b Rqjvf K‡i ÿgZvmxb AvIqvgx jxM|
11
we‡kølKiv g‡b K‡ib wbe©vPb m¤ú~Y© ÎæwUgy³ n‡jI we‡ivaxiv 30wUi AwaK Avm‡b Rqjvf Ki‡Z cviZ bv| wKš‘ G cÖfve AwZ
Drmvnx †bZv Kg©x‡ì Awbq‡gi Kvi‡Y wbe©vPbwU ïay cÖkwœ e×B nqwb eis †`‡ki mvwe©K ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZI RwUjZvi w`‡K avweZ
nq|
c~‡e©B D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, ivR‰bwZK cwigÛ‡j ¯^vaxbZvi ci †_‡KB AwZ RwUj Øvw›ØK ivRbxwZ PjwQj| †mwUB GB
wbe©vP‡bi ci LyeB ZxeªZv cvq| G mgq RvZxq iÿx evwnbxi AvPiYI we‡kl Amš‘wói m„wó K‡i †`ke¨vwc| GLv‡b GKwU NUbv
†_‡K welqwU ¯úó n‡e, mvRvnvb bv‡g Rvm‡ì GK 18 eQ‡ii ZiæY‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i iÿxevwnbx Ges ZiæYwU wb‡LuvR nq| welqwU
D”P Av`vj‡Zi `„wó‡Z Avbv n‡j12 †`Lv hvq iÿxevwnbx AvB‡bi †Zvqv°v bv K‡iB wewfbœ AvPiY Ki‡Q| 1974 mv‡ji Avi GKwU
†jvgnl©K NUbv GLv‡b wee„Z Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i; H NUbvq kvwšÍ †mb bv‡gi GK e¨w³‡K AvUK Ki‡Z wM‡q Zvi cwiev‡ii `yB gwnjv
m`m¨ Ges cv‡ki evoxi Avi GK gwnjv‡K a‡i wb‡q Av‡m iÿx evwnbx Ges welqwU cwÎKvq cÖKvwkZ n‡j †`‡k Zxeª cÖwZwµqvi
m„wó nq| †kl ch©šÍ D”P Av`vj‡Zi
n¯Í‡ÿ‡c gwnjviv Qvov cvq|13 iÿxevwnbxi Gme Kvh©Kjvc wb‡q H mg‡q e¨vcK Am‡šÍvl I AvZsK we`¨gvb wQj MÖvg AÂ‡j|14
D‡jøL¨ †h, ‡m mgq †`‡ki †h cwiw¯’wZ wQj Zv‡Z we‡ivax ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi wewfbœ DMÖ msMVb I me©nviv cvwU©i gZ
`j¸‡jv †`‡ki AvBb k„sLjvq gvivZ¥K AebwZ NwU‡q †d‡jwQj| Rvm‡ì MY-evwnbxi mk¯¿ ZrciZv Ges me©nviv‡ì LZ‡gi
ivRbxwZ `ytmn cwiw¯’wZ m„wó K‡iwQj| H mgq wmivR wmK`vi cywjk †ndvR‡Z wbnZ nb| welqwU LyeB mgv‡jvwPZ nq, miKv‡ii
fveg~wZ©I ÿzYœ nq| miKv‡ii weiæ‡× me‡P‡q kw³kvjx ivR‰bwZK `j wnmv‡e AvZ¥cÖKvkKvix Rvm` cÖK…Zc‡ÿ AvIqvgx jxM †_‡K
†ewi‡q Avmv GKwU msMVb wQj| Gi †bZ…‡Z¡I wQ‡jb mv‡eK QvÎjxM I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZviv|
H mg‡q wewfbœ cv‡Ui ¸`v‡g Av¸b †`qv I nZ¨vKvÐmn Pig wek„•Lj cwiw¯’wZi †fZi w`‡q mgq AwZevwnZ nw”Qj|
DcišÍ 1974 mv‡j †`‡k †`Lv †`q `ywf©ÿ| `~wf©‡ÿi KviY wQj Lv`¨ NvUwZ Ges eb¨v| G AÂj me mgqB Lv`¨ NvUwZi †`k wQj|
wKš‘; 74-75 mv‡ji welqwU fqven iƒc jvf K‡i| G mgq Lv‡`ï gv_v wcQz evwl©K cÖvc¨Zv wQj ¯§iYKv‡ji g‡a¨ wbgœZg| Av‡MB
38
D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q, NvUwZ †gvKv‡ejvi mgq ê‡`wkK mvnvh¨ H mgq cvIqv hvqwb| GKB m‡½ Lv`¨ eÈ‡b A‡bK `ybx©wZI jÿ¨ Kiv
15
†M‡Q| GgZve¯’vq Abvnv‡i †jvK gviv †h‡Z ïiæ Ki‡j miKvi 5862wU j½iLvbv Ly‡j cwiw¯’wZ mvgvj w`‡Z ‡Póv K‡i|
Ggb Ae¯’vq miKvi Pvjv‡bv mwZ¨B `yiƒn n‡q c‡owQj Ges ÿgZvmxb miKvi †`k cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ bZzb †Kvb c×wZi K_v
fvewQ‡jb| e½eÜz wb‡RB e‡jwQ‡jb, æThe system we find today is British Colonial system . . . that is the system
of the colonialists . . . to exploit the country. I want to smash the old moth-eaten administrative
system. I want to smash the moth-eaten legal system and create a new one . . . this new system of mine is
the revolution.” 16 Av‡iv Av‡M †_‡K e½eÜzi fv‡Mœ hyejxM cÖavb †kL dRjyj nK gwbmn Abïv gš¿x cwil` kvwmZ miKv‡ii
we‡ivwaZv K‡i AvmwQ‡jb Ges Gi Aemvb NUv‡bvi `vwe KiwQ‡jb| †kL gwb wØZxq wecø‡ei K_v ejwQ‡jb Ges e½eÜzi cÖZ¨ÿ
kvm‡bi myd‡ji c‡ÿ wQ‡jb|17
28 wW‡m¤î 1974 †`‡ki AivRK Ae¯’v †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ Riæwi Ae¯’v Riæwi Kiv nq Ges Rvbyqvix Õ75 G Riæwi
wewagvjv Kiv nq|18 H gv‡mi Z…Zxq mßv‡ni g‡a¨ GUv wbwðZ n‡q I‡V †h, †`‡ki kvmb eë¯’vq eo ai‡Yi cwieZ©b Avm‡Q|19
†kl ch©šÍ 1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvix †`‡k ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi Ges GK `jxq kvmb eë¯’v, cÖwZôv Kiv nq PZz_© ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g| wKš‘ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi GB GK`jxq kvm‡bi weiæ‡× wQ‡jb †Rbv‡ij Gg G wR Imgvbx, by‡i Avjg wmwÏKx, e¨vwi÷vi
gBbyj †nv‡mb cÖgyL| Gi †fZi †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx 18 Rvbyqvix 1975 mv‡j AvIqvgx jx‡Mi êV‡K GK`jxq ivóªxq eë¯’vi Zxeª
20
we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
Ggwb GKwU RwUj cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Ges †`‡k Riæix Ae¯’v PjvKvjxb mg‡q RvZxq msm‡ì kxZKvjxb Awa‡ek‡b 25 Rvbyqvix
1975 mv‡j AZ¨šÍ `ªæZZvi m‡½ PZz_© ms‡kvabx cvk n‡q hvq RvZxq msm‡`|
1975 mv‡ji 25 Rvbyqvix RvZxq msm‡` PZz_© ms‡kvabx wej cvm nq Ges Gi gva¨‡g †`‡k gš¿xcwil` kvwmZ miKv‡ii
cwie‡Z© ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| †mRb¨ msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 48 †_‡K 57 ch©šÍ cwieZ©b Kiv nq; †mLv‡b
ivóªcwZ‡K iv‡óªi me©gq ÿgZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq weavb †`qv nq| GKB m‡½ Aby‡”Q` 58 cwieZ©‡bi gva¨‡g gš¿xmfv‡K
ivóªcwZi m‡šÍvwói Aaxb Kiv nq| Aby‡”Q` 66, 70, 72, 73, 74, 80 I 88 mg~n cwieZ©b Kiv nq ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKv‡ii
AbyK~j mvsweavwbK KvVv‡gvi cÖ‡qvR‡b| wePvi wefv‡Mi KvVv‡gvMZ cwieZ©b Avbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b Aby‡”Q` 95, 96, 98, 102, 109,
115, 116 G cwieZ©b Ges 116K Aby‡”Q` mshy³ Kiv nq, d‡j wePvi wefvM ivóªcwZi Ici A‡bKUvB `vqe× n‡q hvq| msweav‡b
bZzb lô K-fvM mshy³ K‡i RvZxq `‡ji weavb †Ìqv nq, Gi d‡j eû`jxq ivRbxwZi cwie‡Z© GKwU RvZxq `‡ji gva¨‡g
ivRbxwZi m~ÎcvZ N‡U| GQvovI ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi‡K wbwe©Nœ Kivi R‡b¨ Aby‡”Q` 119, 122, 123, 124, 141K, 147, 148 -
‡Z cwieZ©b Kiv nq| GKB m‡½ msweav‡bi wØZxq Zd&wmj wejyß Ges Z…Zxq I PZz_© Zd&wmj ms‡kvab Kiv| DcwiD³ cwieZ©‡bi
d‡j †`‡ki kw³kvjx ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi Ges GK`jxq ivR‰bwZK eë¯’v Pvjy nq|
21
msweav‡bi PZz_© ms‡kvabx cvk nevi ci e½eÜz †`‡ki ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e RvZxq msm‡ì †fZiB kc_ MÖnY K‡ib| welqwU
H mg‡q mgv‡jvwPZ n‡qwQj| PZz_© ms‡kvabx cv‡ki mgq we‡ivax m`mïv †Kvb cÖKvi Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM cvbwb Ges Zviv Awa‡ekb
†_‡K IqvK AvDU K‡ib|22 AvBbgš¿x Rbve g‡bviÄb ai wejwU DÌvcb K‡ib| Rbve Avãym mvËvi we‡ji we‡ivwaZv K‡i Gi Ici
Av‡jvPbvi `vwe Rvbv‡j Ges ms‡kvabx cÖ¯Íve †`qvi K_v e‡jb| wZwb G ai‡Yi we‡ji Av‡M 7 w`b ev 3 w`‡bi †bvwUk cÖ`v‡bi
23 24
cÖmsM Zz‡j a‡ib| RvZxq msm‡ì ¯úxKvi wejwUi Z…Zxq cv‡Vi mgq Av‡jvPbvi my‡hvM n‡e g‡g© Rvbvb| hwÌ c‡i wejwU wZb
wgwb‡Ui †fZi 294-0 †fv‡U cvk n‡q hvq|25
wej cv‡ki ci Gi Ici e½eÜz GKwU `xN© e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| e³…Zvq wZwb wewfbœ fv‡e PZz_© ms‡kvabxi †cÖÿvcU D‡jøL
K‡ib| wZwb †`‡ki AivRK Ae¯’vi K_v e‡jb Ges cvj©v‡g›U †g¤^vi‡ì nZ¨vi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib| wZwb †`‡ki cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨
26
we‡`kx‡ì f~wgKvi K_v D‡jøL K‡ib Ges Lv`¨vfve, `~b©xwZ I DMÖ ivRbxwZi K_v e‡jb|
39
27
PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvB cwieZ©b n‡q hvq|
PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci 1972 mv‡ji g~j msweav‡bi PwiÎ cwieZ©b n‡q bZzb iƒc jvf K‡i| H ms‡kvabx we‡kølY Ki‡j †`Lv
hvq †h, iv‡óªi cÖwZwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡qB cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡qwQj| Ic‡ii ms‡kvabx AvBbwUi w`‡K jÿ¨ Ki‡jB welqwU ¯úó nq|
ZviciI `yÕGKwU †gŠwjK cwieZ©‡bi wel‡q K_v ejv cÖ‡qvRb|
me©v‡cÿv eo cwieZ©bwU n‡”Q, miKvi c×wZi cwieZ©b| 1972 mv‡ji msweavb Abymv‡i Ges gyw³hy‡×i g~j¨‡eva Abymv‡i
†`‡k †h msm`xq miKvi c×wZ Pvjy Kiv n‡qwQj Zv cwiewZ©Z nj| wKš‘ we‡ivax `‡ji Abycw¯’wZ‡Z msm`xq miKvi cÖK…Zc‡ÿ
GK`jxq miKv‡i cwiYZ n‡qwQj| ZviciI †h `yÕGKRb we‡ivax m`m¨ msm‡` wQ‡jb Zviv miKv‡ii mgv‡jvPbv Ges we‡ivwaZv
Kivi my‡hvM †c‡Zb; PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci GB my‡hvMI m¤ú~Y© wZ‡ivwnZ n‡q hvq| Kvh©Z †`‡k ivóªcwZ kvwmZ miKvi Ges
cvkvcvwk GK `jxq kvmb Pvjy n‡qwQj| bZzb AvB‡b ivóªcwZ‡K cÖZ¨ÿ †fv‡U wbe©vP‡bi eë¯’v Kiv nq Ges mKj wbe©vnx ÿgZv
Zvi nv‡Z Awc©Z nq| GKB m‡½ Zvi AwfksmbI cÖvq Am¤¢e K‡i †Zvjv nq|28 GKRb DcivóªcwZi weavbI ivLv nq|29
ms‡kvwaZ msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡Mi PZz_© As‡k gš¿xcwil` bvgK bZzb GK Aa¨v‡qi ms‡hvRb nq bZzb mvsweavwbK AvBb
Abymv‡i| gš¿xcwil‡ì ¯’vwqZ¡ Ges Kvh©µg ivóªcwZi mš‘wói Dci wbf©ikxj wQj Ges Zviv Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ivóªcwZi wbKU `vqx
wQ‡jb| ivóªcwZ gš¿x cwil‡ì mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ Ki‡Zb|30
cwiewZ©Z msweav‡b AvBbmfv cÖK…Zc‡ÿ ivevi ó¨v¤ú AvBb mfv‡Z cwiYZ nq| msm‡` M„nxZ †h †Kvb wm×v‡šÍi Ici
ivóªcwZi †fvU cÖ`v‡bi ÿgZv †`qv nq|31 msm` Awa‡ekb m‡e©v”P 60 w`b AšÍi emvi weav‡bi e`‡j eQ‡i Kgc‡ÿ `yÕevi emvi
weavb Kiv nq| GKB m‡½ `‡ji weiæ‡× †fvU `v‡bi ev `jZ¨v‡Mi d‡j m`m¨ c` evwZ‡ji †h weavb Kiv n‡qwQj Zv Av‡iv K‡Vvi
Kiv nq|32 wePvi wefvM‡K Kvh©wbe©vnx wefv‡Mi Aax‡b Avbv nq| g~j msweav‡bi 22 Aby‡”Q‡` wePvi wefv‡Mi c„_K ivLv‡K g~jbxwZ
wnmv‡e MÖnY Kiv n‡jI G mgq Zv Avg~j cwieZ©b Kiv nq| ivóªcwZ wbe©vnx wefv‡Mi cÖavb n‡jI Zvi nv‡ZB wePviK wb‡qv‡Mi
ÿgZv b¨¯Í Kiv nq msweavb ms‡kvab K‡i|33 mycÖxg‡KvU©i wePviK wb‡qv‡Mi ÿgZvI Ac©b Kiv nq ivóªcwZi nv‡Z|34 Aby‡”Q` 115
Abymv‡i Ab¨ me Av`vj‡Zi Ici mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i ÿgZvi Aemvb Kiv nq| Aby‡”Q` 116 Abyhvqx wePviK wb‡qvM, k„•Ljv, QzwU meB
ivóªcwZi Ici b¨¯Í Kiv nq| msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 102 Abymv‡i mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i †h ixU GLwZqvi wQj Zv iwnZ K‡i Aby‡”Q` 44
Abymv‡i GKwU mvsweavwbK Av`vjZ MV‡bi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq|35
me©v‡cÿv weZwK©Z cwieZ©b wQj eû `jxq eë¯’v cwieZ©b K‡i GKwU GK`jxq eë¯’v cÖeZ©b Kiv| msweav‡b 5(K) bv‡g
GKwU bZzb fvM ms‡hvwRZ K‡i G‡Z 117(K) Aby‡”Q` m„wó Kiv nq| bZzb mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv Abymv‡i †`‡k GK `jxq ivRbxwZ
ïiæi mKj ÿgZv ivóªcwZi nv‡Z Ac©Y Kiv nq| ejv nq, ivóªcwZ †`‡k GKK ivR‰bwZK `j MV‡bi †NvlYv Rvwii m‡½ m‡½ Ab¨
mKj ivR‰bwZK `j wejyß †NvwlZ n‡e| Aby‡”Q` 117(K) (5) Abyhvqx Kiv bZzb `j MVb ev `‡ji m`m¨ nevi †Kvb AwaKvi wQj
bv|
PZz_© ms‡kvabx wej cvk nevi ci msev`c‡Îi Ici †h wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Kiv nq, Zvi Ask wnmv‡e ÔMYKÚÕ cwÎKv Rã Kiv
nq| 1975 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m msev`cÎ Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i PviwU e¨wZZ mKj msev`cÎ wbwl× Kiv nq|37 welqwU H mgq Ges
36
cieZ©xKv‡j mgv‡jvwPZ nq| ejv nq, GB D‡`¨vM ¯^vaxb gZ cÖKv‡ki we‡ivax Ges Aeva I wbi‡cÿ msev` cÖPv‡i weNœ m„wóKvix
wQj|
PZz_© ms‡kvabx Abymv‡i †`‡k †h ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v Pvjy Kiv nq Zv m‡šÍvlRbK wQj bv e‡j mgv‡jvPbv we`¨gvb| GB
ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi †gŠj KvVv‡gv‡Z Avg~j cwieZ©b Avbv nq Ges gš¿xcwil` kvwmZ MYZvwš¿K ivóª eë¯’vi
e`‡j ivóªcwZ kvwmZ GK `jxq kvmb cÖeZ©b Kiv nq| Z‡e PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci †`‡k †h bZzb cwiw¯’wZi D™¢e nq Zv‡K e½eÜz
Av‡MB wØZxq wecøe e‡j AwfwnZ K‡iwQ‡jb| welqwU wZwb PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci cÖ`Ë `xN© e³…Zvq LyeB ¯úó fvlvq e‡jwQ‡jb|
40
AvBb-k„•Ljv cwiw¯’wZi DbœwZ, A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Ges mgvRZvwš¿K eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mvg‡b wb‡q PZz_© ms‡kvabx Kiv nq e‡j
e½eÜz Zvi msm`xq ew³Zvq D‡jøL K‡ib|
PZz_© ms‡kvabx wel‡q wewfbœ gn‡ji cÖwZwµqvi K_v ejv n‡j ej‡Z nq †Kvb cÖZ¨ÿ cÖwZwµqv H mgq cÖKvwkZ nqwb|
Riæwi Ae¯’v Ges Ab¨vb¨ cvwicvwk©¦KZvi Kvi‡Y H mg‡q we‡kl cÖwZwµqv cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM wQj bv Ges Zv cÖKvwkZI nqwb|
cwÎKv¸‡jvI wQj bxie| Z‡e AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †Rbv‡ij Imgvbx Ges e¨vwi÷vi gBbyj †nv‡mb evKkv‡ji m`m¨ bv nIqv‡Z msm`
m`m¨ c` nvivb| Rvm‡ì mvsm` Avãyjøvn miKvi Ges gBbywÏb gvwbK evKkv‡ji m`m¨ c` MÖnY bv Ki‡jI PZz_© ms‡kvabxi mgq
IqvK AvDUKvix cÖexb †bZv Rbve AvZvDi ingvb Lvb cÖ_g w`bB evKkv‡j †hvM`vb K‡ib|38 Z‡e gnvgvb¨ nvB †Kv‡U©i PZz_©
msweavb ms‡kvabx wel‡q GKwU wm×všÍ cÖwYavb‡hvM¨|39 D”P Av`vjZ PZz_© msweavb ms‡kvabx‡K msweav‡bi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv we‡ivax
wnmv‡e gZ e¨³ K‡ib| Z‡e ms‡kvabx‡K nvwg`yj nK †PŠayix ebvg ivóª 40 gvgjvi iv‡qi gva¨‡g AKvh©Ki †NvlYv Kiv nqwb, KviY
wnmv‡e gvgjvi ivqwU cÖ`v‡bi mgq cwiw¯’wZ I ‡cÖÿvcU cwieZ©b n‡q hvevi K_v ejv nq|
evsjv‡`‡ki ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z PZz_© ms‡kvabxwU ‡m mg‡qi miKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jI Gi GKwU cÖfve
evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK BwZnv‡m jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| ms‡kvabxwU cÖK…Zc‡ÿ 1972 mv‡ji mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi g~j †PZbvi êix wQj|
ejv hvq, gš¿x cwil` kvwmZ MYZvwš¿K miKv‡ii †h hvÎv ïiæ n‡qwQj Zv GB ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g evavMÖ¯’ nq Ges cieZ©x `xN© mgq
Gi cÖfve evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavbxK cÖwµqv‡Z †_‡K hvq| GK`jxq kvmb eë¯’v cÖeZ©‡bi d‡j MYZš¿I ÿwZMÖ¯’ nq hv gyw³hy‡×i
‡bZ…Z¡`vbKvix miKv‡ii KvQ †_‡K Kvw•LZ wQj bv| Z‡e GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h, 1970 -Gi `k‡Ki H mg‡q †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK,
ivR‰bwZK I kvmbeë¯’v myôyavivq cwiPvjbvi cÖ‡qvR‡b cwiw¯’wZ wePv‡i GgbB GKwU KwVb wm×v‡šÍi ‡Kvb weKí wQj bv| mvwe©K
wePv‡i ejv hvq †`‡ki ZrKvjxb cwiw¯’wZiB dmj wQj PZz_© ms‡kvabx|
41
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× civkw³i f~wgKvÕ (XvKv, Wvbv
cÖKvkbx, 1983)|
2. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, ˆmq` Av‡bvqvi †nv‡mb, Ôe½eÜzi ciivóªbxwZ, evsjv‡`k, `wÿY Gwkqv I mv¤cÖwZK
wek¦Õ (XvKvt AvMvgx cÖKvkbx, 1996)|
3. Rehman Sobhan, The Crisis of External Dependence: The Political Economy of Foreign
aid to Bangladesh (Dhaka: University press Limited, 1993) P-7.
4. Ibid.
5. cÖv¸³, c„t 18|
6. Aid wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Rehman Sobhan, cÖv¸³ Ges Muhammad Shamsul Haq, Chowdhury
Rafiqul Abrar, Aid Development and Diplomacy Need for an Aid Policy (Dhaka: UPL,
1999).
7. gI`y` Avn‡g`, †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj (XvKv: BDwcGj, 1987) c„t 273-75|
8. Rehaman Sobhan, Ibid, P. 18.
9. gI`y` Avn‡g`, cÖv¸³, c„: 178|
10. we‡ivax cÖv_©x‡ì Ae¯’vb Rvbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb Bangladesh Observer, Dhaka, 9 March, 1973.
11. H 4th March, 1973 we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨ †`Lyb 27 DLR P.186.
12. Aiæb †mb ebvg evsjv‡`k miKvi, 27 DLR P.122.
13. Gbv‡qZ Djøvn Lvb, †dm Ae †Uii, evsjv‡`k wmb‡Wªg, nwj‡W, XvKv, †g 13, 1973|
14. Bangladesh Observer, XvKv 23, b‡f¤î 1974|
15. Ibid, 12 June, 1975.
16. †kL gwb Zuvi m¤úvw`Z evsjvi evYx cwÎKvi gva¨‡g wØZxq wecø‡ei c‡ÿ cÖPvi Pvjvw”Q‡jb| we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨
†`Lyb Ôevsjvi evYxÕ, XvKv, 24 September, October 12, 13, 1974.
17. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, 4 Rvbyqvix, 1975|
18. H, 19 Rvbyqvix, 1975|
19. Gg. G Iqv‡R` wgqv, e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K wN‡i wKQz NUbv I evsjv‡`k (XvKv: BDwcGj, 2000) c„t233|
20. ÔRbKÚÕ, XvKv, 26 Ryb 1995|
21. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì weZK©, msL¨v-2, LÐ-1, c„: 46|
22. H, c„: 44-45|
23. H, c„: 45|
24. H, c„: 47|
26. PZz_© ms‡kvabx|
27. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi ms‡kvwaZ Aby‡”Q` 48, 56 Ges 53|
28. H, Aby‡”Q` 49, 51, 52, 52, 55(1) 55(2)|
29. H, Aby‡”Q` 58|
30. H, Aby‡”Q` 80 Ges PZz_© ms‡kvabxi 12 bs c¨viv|
31. H, Aby‡”Q` 70|
32. H, Aby‡”Q` 95|
42
33. H, Aby‡”Q` 98|
34. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q`, 102 Ges ms‡kvwaZ Aby‡”Q` 44|
35. Bangladesh Observer, XvKv, 29 Rvbyqvix, 1975|
36. msev`cÎ PviwU n‡”Q, Ôevsjv‡`k UvBgmÕ, Ôevsjv‡`k AeRvifviÕ, Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ I Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ|
37. gI`y` Avn‡g`, †kL gywR‡ei kvmbKvj, cÖv¸³, c„: 334|
38. 34 DLR, Dhaka, P-38.
39. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, 33 I 34, DLR, Dhaka..
40. H|
43
lô Aa¨vq
cÂg ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
1975 mv‡j e½eÜz mcwiev‡i wbnZ nevi ci evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡K AZ¨šÍ eÜzi c_ AwZµg Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| H wbg©g
nZ¨vKvÐ Ges nZ¨vKvÐ DËi mg‡q ivRbxwZ‡Z †h ivû fi K‡i Zv †_‡K evsjv‡`k AvRI †ewi‡q Avm‡Z †c‡i‡Q Kx bv Zv‡Z m‡›`n
Av‡Q| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ n‡Z 7 b‡f¤î ch©šÍ Kz¨ cvëv Kz¨ Gi ga¨ w`‡q AMÖmi nw”Qj evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq eë¯’v| H mg‡q
wZbwU mvgwiK Afy¨Ìvb msNwUZ nq| †kl ch©šÍ GKwU RwUj mgxKi‡Yi Ici ùvwo‡q ZrKvjxb †mbv cÖavb †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi
ingvb ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †bb|1 evsjv‡`‡ki kvmb I mvsweavwbK BwZnv‡m bZzb hyM ïiæ nq| 1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †`‡k †h
mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi Kiv nq wewfbœ Kz¨ cvëv Kz¨ m‡Ë¡I Zvi avivevwnKZv envj wQj| Gi g‡a¨ ivóªcwZ c‡` GKvwaKevi iè`j
n‡q‡Q †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì B”Qvbymv‡i| †kl ch©šÍ 1979 mv‡j mvaviY wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g †`‡k eû`jxq ivRbxwZ Pvjyi GKwU eë¯’v nq
Ges RvZxq msm‡` cÂg ms‡kvabx wej Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq| 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ n‡Z bZzb msm` Aax‡ek‡b emvi c~e© ch©šÍ
†`‡k mvgwiK kvmb Ges e½eÜzi nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePvi eÜmn H mgqKv‡ji miKv‡ii mKj Kg©Kv‡Ði êaZv cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ cÂg
ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM †bIqv nq| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb ‡h, 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g msweav‡b †h mKj welq cwieZ©b Kiv n‡qwQj Zv
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ Av‡MB mvgwiK digvb e‡j Kiv n‡qwQj Ges 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Zvi êaZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 1979 mv‡ji 6 GwcÖj
RvZxq msm‡` 5g ms‡kvabxi wej M„nxZ nq| GwU wQj H eQ‡ii 1 bs AvBb|
e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ¯^-cwiev‡i wbg©gfv‡e wbnZ nevi ci AvIqvgx jxM †bZv L›`Kvi gykZvK Avn‡g‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡
GKwU miKvi MwVZ nq we‡`ªvnx †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì mnvqZvq| H w`bB mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Kiv nq mviv †`‡k| GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv
cÖ‡qvRb †h, †`‡k PZz_© ms‡kvabxi ci msweav‡b ivóªcwZ c‡` cwieZ©b ev ivóªcwZi Abycw¯’wZ‡Z Zvi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi †h µg ZvwjKv
†mUv we‡ePbv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq †h, L›`Kvi †gvkZvK Avn‡g` †Kvbfv‡eB ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ wb‡Z cv‡ib bv| wKš‘ wZwb wb‡qwQ‡jb
wec_Mvgx †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì nvZ a‡i msweavb Ges mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv‡K D‡cÿv K‡i| GLv‡b GKwU cÖkœ memgqB †_‡K wM‡q‡Q
†h, L›`Kvi gykZvK ïiæ n‡ZB 15 AvM÷ NUbvi loh‡š¿ RwoZ wQ‡jb Kx bv| wKš‘ GLv‡b Avgiv †m wePv‡i †h‡Z cvie bv Kvib
msweavb ms‡kvabxi Av‡jvPbvi m‡½ welqwU m¤ú„³ bq| hwÌ ‡gvkZv‡Ki RwoZ _vKv welqwU ivR‰bwZK BwZnv‡mi Av‡jvwPZ
NUbv|2 wKš‘ †gvkZvK miKvi MwVZ n‡jI G miKv‡ii †bc_¨ kw³ ev g~j PvjK wQj e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ð AskMÖnYKvix †bZv
Kg©KZ©viv| Lye m½Z Kvi‡YB †mbvevwnbxi k„•Ljv †f‡½ c‡owQj Ges D”Pc`¯’ †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì †fZi nZvkvi cvkvcvwk †ÿvf
m„wó n‡qwQj Ges cÖK…Z mZ¨wU wQj e½eÜz cieZ©x mg‡q Gme D”Pc`¯’ †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ †hgb we‡iva ˆZix n‡qwQj
†Zgwb Zviv D”PvwfjvlxI n‡q c‡owQj| GB D”Pvwfjvl †mbvevwnbx‡K ixwZgZ wef³ K‡i †d‡jwQj Ges cÿ¸‡jv ci¯ú‡ii
weiæ‡× jo‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Ggb wK †QvU Lv‡Uv jovB n‡qI wM‡qwQj|
Ggb wek„•Lj cwi‡e‡k mvsweavwbK c×wZ ev cÖwµqvi m‡½ m½wZ ev Am½wZi wPšÍv KiwQj bv †KDB| msweav‡bi Zzjbvq
ZLb iv‡óªi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i cÖkwœ U A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj| wKš‘ hv Awbevh© n‡q wM‡qwQj, Zv nj msweav‡bi Av‡iv GKwU ms‡kvabx|
†Kbbv msweavbwe‡ivax †h mKj Kg©KvÐ ZLb ïiæ n‡qwQj Zv †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Avi †Kvb DcvqI wQj bv msweavb cwieZ©b bv
K‡i|
e½eÜz nZ¨vKv‡Ði cieZ©x †gvkZvK miKvi †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡ì mvnvh¨ wb‡q `yÕgv‡mi wKQz †ewk mgq †`k cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
Zvi kvmbvg‡jB †mbv evwnbxi k„•Ljvi cÖkœwU mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m Ges D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©v‡ì g‡a¨ Zxeª Am‡šÍvl m„wó nq, hwÌ
D”Pc`¯’ Kg©KZ©viv eûav wef³ wQ‡jb| †kl ch©šÍ ‡gRi †Rbv‡ij Lv‡j` †gvkviid D‡`¨vM wb‡q ‡mbvevwnbxi k„•Ljv wdwi‡q
Avbvi †Póv K‡ib Ges Zvi mg_©‡b wePvicwZ Avey mv`Z †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg ivóªcwZ c‡` Avmxb nb| wKš‘ Ab¨ w`‡K K‡Y©j Zv‡ni Gi
†bZ…Z¡vaxb RvZxq mgvRZvwš¿K `‡ji cÖZ¨ÿ mn‡hvwMZvq GKwU wmcvnx we‡`ªv‡n AšÍixb ‡mbv cÖavb wRqvDi ingvb‡K gy³ n‡q
Lv‡j` †gvkvii‡di ÿgZv MÖnY cÖ‡Póv‡K bm¨vr K‡i †`b| Lv‡j` †gvkviidmn eû †mbv Kg©KZ©v H cvëv Af~¨Ìv‡b wbnZ nb| wKš‘
mg‡qi m‡½ m‡½ K‡Y©j Zv‡n‡ii e`‡j wRqv ÿgZvq P‡j Av‡mb Ges MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi bvqK e‡b hvb Ges K‡Y©j Zv‡nimn Rvm` Lj
44
bvq‡K cwiYZ nq|4 hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v nIqv m‡Ë¡I K‡b©j Zv‡ni‡K mvgwiK Av`vj‡Z wePv‡i duvmx †Ìqv nq| K‡Y©j Zv‡ni 7
b‡f¤î cvëv Afy¨Ìv‡bi †bZ…Z¡ w`‡jI Afy¨Ìv‡bi ivk †U‡b ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb bvbv Kvi‡Y| ˆmwbK‡ì †h 12 `dv `vwe DÌvwcZ
n‡qwQj Zvi AivR‰bwZK `vwe¸‡jv †g‡b wb‡j †Rbv‡ij wRqv ˆmwbK RbZvi cÖavb Ask‡K wbR wbqš¿‡Y wb‡Z mÿg nb|5 wKš‘ GB
wbqš¿Y wb‡Z cvivi wKQz Kvh©KviY wQj Lv‡j` †gvkviid hLb Afy¨Ìvb K‡ib ZLb Zvi fvB iv‡k` †gvkvii‡di †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU
wgwQj nq Ges wgwQ‡ji Lei cÖKvk †c‡j †`‡k GKwU fviZxq AvMÖvm‡bi Avk¼v ˆZix nq|6 G †cÿvc‡U 8 b‡f¤î wmcvnxiv hLb
bZzb Afy¨Ìv‡bi ci †ek wKQz †mbv Kg©KZ©v‡K nZ¨v K‡i ZLb K‡b©j Zv‡ni wee„wZ ch©šÍ cÖ`vb K‡ib|7 K‡qK w`‡bi †fZi Rvm‡ì
nvZ n‡Z wecø‡ei †K›`ª wRqvDi ingvb I Zvi AbyMZ †Rbv‡ij‡ì nv‡Z P‡j hvq| 23 Rvbyqvix Rvm‡ì cÖavb †bZviv8 Ges 24
Rvbyqvix XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Gm.Gg.nj †_‡K K‡b©j Zv‡ni †MÖdZvi nb|9
1975 mv‡ji 20 AvM÷ †`‡k †h mvgwiK kvmb Rvwi Kiv nq †mwUB 8 b‡f¤î bZzb ivóªcwZ I cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb
cÖkvmK wePvicwZ Avey mv`Z †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg envj iv‡Lb A_©vr bZzb K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwii Avi cÖ‡qvRb c‡owb| 15 AvM‡÷i
Kz¨ Gi ci L›`Kvi gykZvK ÿgZv MÖnY K‡i mvgwiK AvB‡b †`k kvmb KiwQ‡jb| 1975 mv‡ji 6 b‡f¤î wZwb mvgwiK AvBb
Av‡`‡k cwieZ©b G‡b ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ †h KvD‡K
n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii c_ Db¥y³ K‡i †`b Ges †m Av‡`‡ki ÿgZv e‡j cvëv Afy¨Ìv‡bi bvqKiv wePvicwZ mv‡qg‡K bZzb ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e
wb‡qvM K‡ib|10 wePvicwZ mv‡qg ivóªcwZ Ges cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wnmv‡e hvÎv ïiæ K‡ib Ges wZb evwnbxi cÖavbMY Dc-
cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ ïiæ K‡ib| 1975 mv‡ji 4 b‡f¤î Lv‡j` †gvkviid- Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ G Afy¨Ìv‡bi ïiæ
n‡jI gykZvK‡K mwi‡q mv‡qg‡K ÿgZvq emv‡Z `xN© wZb w`b †j‡MwQj Afy¨ÌvbKvix‡ì A`ÿZvi Kvi‡Y| B‡Zvg‡a¨ b‡f¤^‡ii 7
ZvwiL Z…Zxq Afy¨Ìv‡bi D™¢e N‡U hvq Ges H Afy_¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g Lv‡j` †gvkviid †hgb wbnZ nb †Zgwb ÿgZvi ‡K‡›`ª P‡j
Av‡mb †gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb|
‡gRi †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingvb Dc-cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖKvkK wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡jI ÿgZv †h †bc‡_¨ Zvi
nv‡ZB wQj Zv †evSv hvw”Qj miKv‡ii cÖwZwU c`‡ÿ‡ci gva¨‡gB| 1975 mv‡ji 8 b‡f¤î †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Av‡`k e‡j †`‡ki Dc-
ivóªcwZ c`wU Ab¨vb¨ c‡ì m‡½ evwZj Kiv nq| Avevi 1976 mv‡ji 29 b‡f¤î ivóªcwZi Ab¨ GK Av‡`k e‡j wePvicwZ mv‡qg
cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki c`wU †Rbv‡ij wRqvi AbyK~‡j n¯ÍvšÍi K‡ib|11 G‡ZB cwi®‹vi n‡q hvq cÖK…Z ÿgZv Kvi nv‡Z|
ivóªcwZ mv‡qg 1977 mv‡ji 21 GwcÖj cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †Rbv‡ij wRqvDi ingv‡bi AbyK‚‡j ivóªcwZ cÌ Z¨vM K‡ib
Ges wRqvDi ingvb mvgwiK digvb e‡j †`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` AwawôZ nb|
wRqvDi ingvb †mbv kvmb cÖwZôvi ci Zvi mvg‡b eûwea mgm¨v wQj; me©v‡cÿv eo mgm¨v wQj bZzb K‡i ivóª hš¿ mPj
Kiv Ges †m Rb¨ ìKvi wQj msweavb cwieZ©b| †Kbbv GUv ¯úó wQj †h ÿgZv ¯’vqx Ki‡Z n‡j Ges MÖnY‡hvM¨ kvmb cÖwµqv
¯’vcb Ki‡Z n‡j Zv‡K †mbv kvm‡bi e`‡j mvsweavwbK kvm‡b wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e| Ggb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Zv‡K mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv wb‡qB
fve‡Z nw”Qj| G ‡ÿ‡Î `yÕwU welq wQj- cÖ_gZ, 15 AvM÷ †_‡K †`‡k †Kvb mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvB Abym„Z nqwb Ges H mg‡q mKj
ivóªxq KvR n‡q‡Q †mbv AvB‡b ev †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui Av‡`k e‡j| mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡j H me Kg©Kv‡Ði mvsweavwbK êaZv
‡`qvi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| wØZxqZ, PZz_© msweavb ms‡kvabxi ci AvIqvgx jxM †h mvsweavwbK KvVv‡gv †i‡L wM‡qwQj †m KvVv‡gv a‡i
AMÖmi nIqv Õ75 cieZ©x ivR‰bwZK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wRqvi c‡ÿ m¤¢e wQj bv; Ges wRqvi D‡ÏkÏ †mwU wQj bv d‡j Zvi mvg‡b
msweavb cwieZ©b G‡b bZzb cÖwµqv ïiæ Kiv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb c_ †Lvjv wQj bv|
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d‡j PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cwiw¯’wZi †h iƒc ùvwo‡qwQj Zv †_‡K Ab¨ iƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z n‡q hvq| Aek¨
Amxg ÿgZvi ivóªcwZ c‡ì Avwef©ve N‡U| wRqvDi ingvb Zvi kvm‡bi ¯’vwq‡Z¡i ¯^v‡_© ¯úóZB †emvgwiK kvmb cÖwZôvi D‡`¨vM
†bb| Aek¨ Gi Av‡M 1977 mv‡ji 30 †g GKwU MY‡fv‡Ui gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi ¯^xK…wZ AR©b K‡i| MY‡fvUwU‡Z †fvUv‡ii Dcw¯’wZ
wQj wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zvi evB‡i|12 1978 mv‡j wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g wRqv ivóªcwZ nb Ges 1979 mv‡ji 27 Rvbyqvix msm` wbe©vP‡bi
gva¨‡g †`‡k †emvgwiK miKvi cÖwZôvi c~Y©Zv †`qv nq| H wbe©vP‡b wRqvDi ingvb cÖwZwôZ RvZxqZvev`x `j 207 wU Avmb
jv‡fi gva¨‡g wbi¼zk msL¨v MwiôZv jvf K‡i Ges H `‡ji wbi¼yk msL¨vMwiôZvi gva¨‡g 6 GwcÖj msm‡` 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g
45
1975 mv‡ji 15 AvM÷ †_‡K 1970 mv‡ji 6 GwcÖj ch©šÍ mgqKv‡ji miKv‡ii mKj Kvh©µg‡K êaZv cÖ`vb K‡i|13 êaZv
cÖ`vbKvix Av‡`k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ e½eÜzi Lybx‡ì wePvi iwnZ K‡i gykZvK miKv‡ii RvwiK…Z Aa¨v‡`kwUI wQj|
1979 mv‡ji 6B GwcÖj RvZxq msm‡` 5g ms‡kvabx wejwU cvk nq| GB we‡ji gva¨‡g msweav‡bi PZz_© Zd&wm‡j 18
Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvR‡bi gva¨‡g †mbv kvm‡bi mKj KvR êaZv `v‡bi cvkvcvwk mvgwiK digv‡bi gva¨‡g Rvix Kiv wewfbœ AvBb‡K
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Av`vj‡Zi GB wel‡q †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hv‡e bv|
5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g wRqv miKv‡ii †emvgwiK miKvi wnmv‡e hvÎv ïiæ nq Ges mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii gva¨‡g wRqv
miKv‡ii †emvgwiK iƒc jvf‡K G mg‡q we‡ivax `j¸‡jvI ¯^vMZ Rvwb‡qwQj; GgbwK AvIqvgx jx‡Mi ZrKvjxb mfvcwZ Avãyj
gv‡jK DwKjI|14 wKš‘ 5g ms‡kvabxi wel‡q msm‡` H mg‡q Rvm`mn we‡ivax `j ms‡kvabxi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|15 msm‡` 5g
ms‡kvabx wb‡q miKvwi `j Ges we‡ivax `‡ji m`mïv ci¯úi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib| we‡ivax `jxq †bZv Avmv`y¾vgvb Lvb wej
DÌvc‡bi c~‡e©B wej DÌvc‡bi AvBbMZ êaZvi cÖkœ Zz‡j e‡jb wej msm‡` DÌvc‡bi Av‡M 7 w`‡bi †bvwUk cÖ`vb Kiv Ges
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Kiv nqwb Ges my‡KŠk‡j mvgwiK AvBb‡K msweav‡bi Ask Kiv n‡”Q|18 Zxeª weZ‡K©i †fZi wej DÌvcb Kiv nq Ges mvsm`
mvjvDwÏb BDmyd -Gi GKwU cÖ¯Íve G mg‡q KÚ †fv‡U bvKP n‡q hvq|19 wej wb‡q miKvi I we‡ivax c‡ÿi †fZi Zxeª weZK© nq|
kvn& AvwRRyi ingvb ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x, bwRiewnf~©Zfv‡e we‡ji c‡ÿ Bs‡iRx‡Z e³…Zv †`b|20 A™¢yZ welq nj, A‡bK mvsm`B
we‡ji Dci Av‡jvPbvi mgq we‡ji welq ev` w`‡q AcÖvmw½K e³…Zv †`b|21 evQvB KwgwUi wewfbœ cÖ¯Íve KÉ †fv‡U bvKP K‡i w`‡q
wej mvsm‡` cvk n‡q hvq| 243 †fvU c‡ÿ; 45 †fvU wec‡ÿ c‡o|22
5g ms‡kvabx cvk nevi ci †`‡k †emvgwiK kvmb cybtcÖwZwôZ nq| wKš‘ 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †h me Kvg©Kv‡Ði êaZv
†`qv nq Zv cieZ©x mg‡q RvZxq Rxe‡b fvj dj e‡q Av‡bwb| we‡kl K‡i e½eÜz nZ¨vi wePvi eÜ Ges ag©wfwËK ivRbxwZi my‡hvM
ˆZix K‡i †Ìqv evsjv‡`‡ki ivR‰bwZK I mvsweavbxK BwZnvm‡K Kjw¼Z K‡i †`q| 5g ms‡kvabx DËi ag©wfwËK ‡h ivR‰bwZK
Aven ˆZix nq Zvi wkKv‡i cwibZ nb wRqv wb‡RI|
wRqv miKvi msweav‡bi 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g 4_© ms‡kvabxi m„wó GK`jxq miKvi c×wZ †_‡K m‡i Avm‡b wVKB; wKš‘
GKB m‡½ ag©-wfwËK ivR‰bwZK cÖwµqv Pvjy I gyw³hy‡×i we‡ivaxZvKvix kw³‡K cybe©vwmZ K‡ib| me †_‡K eo K_v; msweav‡bi
†gŠwjK wKQz cwieZ©b Kiv nq| †hgb 1972 mv‡ji msweav‡bi g~j Pvi bxwZ e`‡j w`‡q bZzb bxwZ †`qv nq Ges msweav‡bi ïiæ‡Z
wemwgjøvn wj‡L †`qv nq|23 15 AvM÷ nZ¨vKv‡Ði gZ Kg©I êaZv jvf K‡i Ges H nZ¨vKv‡Ði wePv‡ii my‡hvM iwnZ n‡q hvq|
GB ai‡bi D‡`¨vM evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡K KjywmZ K‡i †d‡j Ges ag©vkªqx GKwU ivR‰bwZK cwigÛj ˆZix‡Z f~wgKv iv‡L|
5g ms‡kvabxi ci †`‡ki cÖkvm‡b Ges wePvi wefv‡Mi A‡bK cwieZ©b mvwaZ nq| ejv hvq 4_© ms‡kvabxi ci †`‡k †h
ai‡bi kvmb Pvjy n‡qwQj Zv †_‡K cÖkvmb Ges wePvi wefvM A‡bKUvB †ewi‡q Av‡m| hwÌ wePvi wefv‡Mi Ici cÖkvm‡bi GK
ai‡Yi KZ©„Z¡ †_‡KB hvq|24 eû`jxq ivRbxwZi GKwU cÖwµqvI bZzb K‡i ïiæ nq cÂg ms‡kvabxi ci| hwÌ GB eû `jxq
ivRbxwZi QÙvei‡Y ag©vÜ Ges 1971 -Gi ¯^vaxbZvwe‡ivax †Mvôx evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z cybtcÖwZwôZ nq| Aek¨ wRqv wb‡Ri
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w`‡qwQ‡jb|
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Zv Av‡`Š mvsweavwbK AvB‡bi Av‡jv‡K êa wQj Kx bv Zv wb‡q D”P Av`vj‡Zi †ek wKQz gvgjv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ H me gvgjv‡Z
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46
¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvgjv nj nvwjgv LvZzb ebvg evsjv‡`k| G gvgjv‡Z nvwjgv LvZzb Awc©Z m¤úwË wnmv‡e m¤úwË MÖn‡Yi miKv‡ii wm×všÍ
P¨v‡jÄ K‡ib ix‡Ui gva¨‡g| Aek¨ nvB‡KvU© gvgjvwU ïbvbxA‡šÍ bvgÄyi K‡ib Ges cieZ©xmg‡q mywcÖg‡Kv‡U© gvgjvwUi Avcxj
ïbvbx n‡qwQj| †mLv‡b mvgwiK digv‡bi êaZv Ges Zvi ÿgZvi welqwU wb‡q cÖkœ I‡V|25 myjZvb Avn‡g` ebvg wbe©vPb Kwgkb
gvgjv‡ZI cÖkœ I‡V mvgwiK AvBb I Zvi †NvlYvc‡Îi Kvh©KvwiZv m¤ú‡K©|26 nvwR Rqbvj Av‡ew`b ebvg miKvi27 Ges miKvi
ebvg Rqbvj Av‡ew`b28 gvgjv‡ZI wRqvDi ingvb miKv‡ii †mbv kvm‡bi wel‡q Av‡jvPbv nq| D‡jøwLZ gvgjv¸‡jv‡Z †kl ch©šÍ
5g ms‡kvabxi êaZvi wel‡q †Kvb wm×všÍ cÖ`vb Kiv nq wb|
†kl ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k BUvwjqvb gv‡e©j IqvK©m wjwg‡UW ebvg evsjv‡`k miKvi I Abïv29 gvgjvwUi gva¨‡g gyb wm‡bgv
n‡ji AwaKvi wd‡i cvevi Rb¨ miKv‡ii Ici GKwU wb‡`©kbv cÖv_©bv K‡i ixU Kiv nq| ‡kl ch©šÍ H gvgjvwU‡Z gnvgvb¨ Av`vjZ
5g ms‡kvabx‡K msweavbwe‡ivax Ges wRqv miKvi A‰ea `Lj`vi e‡j ivq †`b| hwÌ mgq cvi n‡q hvIqvq H mg‡qi miKv‡ii
f~wgKv ev KvR‡K A‰ea †NvlYv Kiv nqwb|
mvwe©K wePv‡i ejv hvq 5g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ivóª I ivRbxwZ‡Z GKwU ag©vkªqx I gyw³hy‡×i †PZbv we‡ivax ivRbxwZi c_
D¤§y³ K‡i †Ìqv nq| ¯^vaxbZv we‡ivax‡ì cybe© vm‡bi my‡hvM K‡i †Ìqv nq Ges e½eÜzi nZ¨vKv‡Ûi wePvi e‡Üi gva¨‡g ivóªxq
cwigÛ‡j wbK…ó D`vniY m„wó Kiv nq| 5g ms‡kvabxi †`Lv‡bv c‡_B cieZ©xmg‡q `xN© †mbv kvm‡bi my‡hvM ˆZix nq| ejv hvq GB
ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g †h cwiw¯’wZi AeZvibv Kiv nq Zvi †Ri `xN©‡gqv‡` evsjv‡`k‡K enb Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|
47
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, 1975, Aby‡”Q` 55|

2. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb Gg.Iqv‡R` wgqv, e½eÜz †kL gywRe‡K wb‡q wKQz NUbv I evsjv‡`k|
3. †jt K‡Y©j (Ae:) Gg.G.nvwg` wcGmwm wZbwU †mbv Afy¨Ìvb I wKQz bv ejv K_v (XvKv: cvZv cÖKvk, 1996),
G¨vš’wb gvmKv‡ibnvm, evsjv‡`k i‡³i FY (Abyev`), (XvKv: nv°vbx cvewjkvm©, 1997)|
4. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Lawrence Lifschultz, Bangladesh: the Unfinished Revolution
(London: Zed Press, 1979).
5. AvjZvd cvi‡fR, Amgvß gyw³hy× K‡b©j Zv‡ni I Rvm` ivRbxwZ (XvKv: cvVK mgv‡ek, 1995) c„: 151|
6. Zillur Rahaman Khan, Martial Law to Martial: Leadership Crisis in Bangladesh Politics
(Dhaka: UPL 1984) P. 152.
7. H|
8. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, 24 b‡f¤î, 1975|
9. H, 25 b‡f¤î, 1975|
10. Aveymv`Z †gvnv¤§` mv‡qg, e½fe‡b †kl w`b¸wj (XvKv: gvIjv eªv`vm©, 1999) c„: 35|
11. H|
12. See Talukder Moniruzaman, æBangladesh” in 1977, Asian Survey, Vol. No. 2, February, 1978.
13. The Constitution (Fifth Amendment) act, 1979, Act No. 1 of 1979, 6 April, 1979.
14. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, 7 GwcÖj, 1979 The Bangladesh Observer, Dhaka, 7 April, 1979.
15. H|
16. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm` weZK©, LÛ-1, msL¨v-2, 4 GwcÖj, 1979, c„: 126|
17. H, c„: 128|
18. H, c„: 131-132|
19. H, c„: 137-138|
20. H, 5 GwcÖj, c„: 151-160|
21. H, c„: 1----173|
22. H, c„: 211-215|
23. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, cÖ¯Ívebv, 1975|
24. evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi Aby‡”Q` 99 †_‡K 114 `ªóe¨|
25. 30 DLR (SC) 207.
26. H, (HC), c„: 171|
27. H, (HCD), c„: 371|
28. 32 DLR (AD), c„: 110|
29. 14 BLT (Special issue).
48
mßg Aa¨vq
lô ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

1981 mv‡ji 30 †g ivóªcwZ wRqv PÆMÖv‡g GK e¨_© †mbv Afy¨Ìv‡b wbnZ nb| ejv hvq, 15 AvM‡÷i ci †`‡k †h
ÿgZvwjáyZvi m„wó n‡qwQj ZviB ewj wRqv| wZwb Zvi ÿgZv msnZ Ges †`‡k AeKvVv‡gv ˆZixi †Póv Pvjv‡jI †kl iÿv Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| †Rbv‡ij wRqvi nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci ZrKvjxb DcivóªcwZ wePvicwZ Avãym mvËvi fvicÖvß ivóªcwZ wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ †bb| Aek¨
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c‡ÿ ivóªcwZ wbe©vPb Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv; G Rb¨ †h ZrKvjxb msweavb Abymv‡i DcivóªcwZ c` wQj iv‡óªi jvfRbK c`|2 Aek¨
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we‡ivwaZv K‡i mvRvnvb wmivR Gi cwiYvg fqsKi n‡Z cv‡i I g‡g© mZK© K‡ib|8 iv‡k` Lvb ‡gbb, myavsï †kLi nvj`vi,
wgRvbyi ingvb †PŠayix, †gvnv¤§` †Zvqvnvmn mKj we‡ivax †bZvivB we‡ji we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|9 ZrKvjxb cÖavbgš¿x Rbve kvn AvwRRyi
ingvb we‡ivax `‡ji mgv‡jvPbvi Reve †èvi †Póv K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h, GB ms‡kvabx GKwU Bbw÷wUDk‡bi Rb¨ Ges GwU GKwU
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m`‡mï Afv‡e wej cvk Kiv m¤¢e nqwb ZLb|11 †kl ch©šÍ we‡ivax `‡ji eqK‡Ui †fZi w`‡q 252-0 †fv‡U wejwU cvk nq|12
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cÖkvœ ZxZ wQj bv; we‡kl K‡i ivóªcwZ c‡ì gZ AwZ¸iæZ¡c~Y© c‡` cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Ges GB cÖkœwe× †hvM¨Zv †kl ch©šÍ we‡kl
fvj dj e‡q Av‡bwb|
49
ZrKvjxb †mbv cÖavb Gikv` wePvicwZ mvËvi‡K ivóªcwZ wb‡qv‡Mi wel‡q we‡kl AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| wZwb mvËvi‡K ivóªcwZ
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cÖ‡qvR‡bB msweavb ms‡kvab nIqv DwPZ, †Kvb e¨w³i ¯^v‡_© bq| wKš‘ 6ô ms‡kvabxwU e¨w³‡K›`ªxK nIqvq evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK
BwZnv‡m GKwU A¯^vfvweK bwRi ¯’vwcZ nq| Gi cwiYwZ RvwZi Rb¨ †Kvb fvj dj e‡q Av‡bwb eis Avi GKwU †mbv kvm‡bi
†ÿÎ‡K cÖ¯‘Z K‡iwQj ev mnR K‡iwQj| †kl K_v nj RvwZ Ges iv‡óªi ¯^v_© Qvov e¨w³ ¯^v‡_© msweavb ms‡kvab m¤ú~Y© Am½Z|
50
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, 51 Aby‡”Q` 1979|
2. ‡`Lyb, H, Aby‡”Q` 51, 66 Ges 66|
3. Moudud Ahmed, Democracy and the Challenge of Development (Dhaka: UPL, 1995) P. 185.
4. H, c„: 180|
5. H, c„: 188|
6. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì weZK©, LÐ-7, msL¨v-27, 1 RyjvB, 1981, c„: 3729-31|
7. H, c„: 3729|
8. H, c„: 3729-3864|
9. H, c„: 3749|
10. H, c„: 3749-3758|
11. H, c„: 3759-63|
12. ÔB‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, 7 RyjvB, 1981|
13. RvZxq msm‡ì weZK© 8 RyjvB, 1981,c„: 4026|
14. gI`y`, cÖv¸³, c„: 191|
51
Aóg Aa¨vq
mßg ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †mbvcÖavb †nvmvBb †gvnv¤§` Gikv` mviv‡`‡k mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi K‡i ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †bb|
wRqvDi ingv‡bi nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci †_‡KB Gikv` ÿgZvi cv`cÖ`x‡c P‡j G‡mwQ‡jb| Zvi ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi cÖwµqvwU wKQzUv wejw¤^Z nq
wRqv nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci RbM‡Yi cÖwZwµqvi Kvi‡Y| wePvicwZ mvËv‡ii wbe©vPbx cÖwµqvq ÿgZvmxb weGbwc `‡ji †fZi †h AšÍØ›© Ø
ïiæ n‡qwQj †mwU Gikv‡ì Awfjvl‡K Av‡iv Zivwš^Z K‡iwQj Ges H my‡hvM Kv‡R jvwM‡qB wZwb ÿgZvi cv`cÖ`x‡c P‡j Av‡mb|
wRqv nZ¨vi ci we‡`ªv‡ni †bZv †gRi †Rbv‡ij gÄyi‡K †Mvc‡b nZ¨v Kivi ci GKwU ¸Re Gikv`‡K Rwo‡q †Rviv‡jv nq †h, wZwb
ÿgZv `L‡ji R‡b¨ c`©vi Avovj †_‡K mewKQz wbqš¿Y KiwQ‡jb|1
Gikv` ÿgZvmxb nevi ci bZzb K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwi Kivi ci ïiæ nq †mbv kvm‡bi wØZxq hvÎv| Gikv‡ì ÿgZv
`Lj Ges wRqvDi ingv‡bi ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi †fZi ¸YMZ Ges cwiw¯’wZMZ cv_©K¨ wQj| Gikv` ÿgZvmxb nevi Rb¨ c„w_exi Ab¨
`kRb †mbv kvm‡Ki gZB †mbvevwnbx eënvi K‡i ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †bq; hwÌ ZLb †`‡k MYZ‡š¿i GKwU bZzb hvÎv ïiæ
n‡qwQj| wRqvDi ingvb nZ¨vKv‡Ði ci †`‡k DcivóªcwZ msweavb Abymv‡i `vwqZ¡ wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges cieZ©x mg‡q msweavb Abymv‡i
wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g bZzb ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| †`‡k H mg‡q †Kvb m¼UI wQj bv| wKš‘ ZviciI Gikv` †`‡ki ÿgZv `Lj
K‡i mvgwiK AvBb Rvwii gva¨‡g †`k cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ `Lj K‡i †bb| A_©vr mvsweavwbK avivevwnKZvq weNœ NwU‡q Gikv`
e¨w³MZ ÿgZvwjáv PwiZv_© K‡ib|
Gikv‡ì ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi GB AwfcÖvq c~e© †_‡KB cÖKvwkZ nw”Qj| wePvicwZ mvËvi‡K ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vPb Kiv‡bvi †ÿ‡Î
Gikv‡ì cÖZ¨ÿ f~wgKv wQj Ges A‡bKUv ûgwK w`‡q weGbwcÕi Af¨šÍ‡i mvËvi we‡ivax‡ì wZwb wbw®Œq K‡i ‡`b|2
mvËvi ivóªcwZ nevi ci Gikv` AZ¨šÍ †KŠk‡j Zvi Ae¯’vb k³ K‡i †bb Ges †mbvevwnbxi IciI wb‡Ri wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvq
mÿg nb| wePvicwZ mvËv‡ii `ye©j kvm‡bi Ges ÿgZvmxb `‡ji Af¨šÍixY Ø‡›Øi my‡hv‡M wZwb Zvi AwfcÖvq ev¯Íevq‡b AMÖmi nb|
Gikv` cÖKv‡k¨ †mbvevwnbxi Rb¨ miKvi cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î Ask ‡bevi my‡hvM `vwe K‡ib;3 hv wQj msweav‡bi Ges cÖPwjZ AvB‡bi
¯úó j•Nb| The Guardian cwÎKvq Zvi mvÿvrKvi cÖKvwkZ nq Ges wewewm-‡Z c‡i; ZeyI bZzb †cÖwm‡W›U †mbvcÖav‡bi wel‡q
†Kvb cÖKvi eë¯’vB †bbwb| ïaygvÎ cÖkvm‡b †mbvevwnbxi †Kvb f~wgKv cvj‡bi my‡hvM †bB G g‡g© e³e¨ w`‡q Zvi `vq mgvß
K‡ib|4 ‡kl ch©šÍ Gikv` 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †mbv kvmb Rvwii gva¨‡g ÿgZv `Lj K‡i †bb Ges wePvicwZ Avnmvb DÏxb
†PŠayix‡K ivóªcwZ c‡` ewm‡q †`b Ges wb‡R cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ †bb| Gikv` †`‡k †mbv kvmb Rvwii mgq
Zvi ÿgZv MÖnY Ges AvBb Rvwii mc‡ÿ AšÍZ 6wU hyw³ Zz‡j a‡ib; †hgb AvBb k„•Ljvi AebwZ, A_©‰bwZK `yie¯’v, `~b©xwZ,
MYAm‡šÍvl BZ¨vw`|5 Gikv` KZ©„K Dc¯’vwcZ G mKj KviY H mg‡qi †cÖÿvc‡U †gv‡UI MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv Ges GKwU wbe©vwPZ
miKvi‡K nwU‡q ÿgZv `Lj mg_©b †hvM¨ wQj bv|
mvwe©K wePv‡i Gikv` evsjv‡`‡ki ÿgZv `L‡ji gva¨‡g Zvi ÿgZvwjáv‡KB ïay PwiZv_© K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Awbevh©fv‡e Av‡iv
GKwU msweavb ms‡kvabx‡K Awbevh© K‡i †Zv‡jb| †Kbbv mvgwiK ev †mbv cÖav‡bi ÿgZv MÖn‡Yi †Kvb weavb msweav‡b †bB|
GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h, c~ee© Z©x mvgwiK kvm‡bi mgq mvgwiK AvBb Ges msweav‡bi g‡a¨ cÖvavb¨ msµvšÍ †h RwUjZv
ˆZix nZ Zv Gikv‡ì mvgwiK kvm‡bi mg‡q `~i Kivi †Póv Kiv nq; msweavb‡K †mbv AvB‡bi Aax‡b G‡b †mwU m¤¢e Kiv
nq| Gikv‡ì mvgwiK miKvi msweavb ¯’wMZ K‡i w`‡q c~e©eZ©x ‡mbv kvm‡bi mg‡q msweavb envj †i‡L †h RwUjZv ˆZix
n‡qwQj Zv n‡Z †`bwb| Gikv` Zvi mvgwiK kvm‡bi digv‡b GKwU Zdmxj mshy³ K‡i †`k kvm‡bi eë¯’v K‡ib Ges GB
ZdmxjI †mbv digv‡bi Aax‡b ivLv nq| G‡Z K‡i wZwb mvgwiK kvm‡bi gva¨‡g Ab¨ AvBbx RwUjZv Gwo‡q †`k kvmb
Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
52
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ mßg ms‡kvabxwU wQj Gikv‡ì mvgwiK AvBb‡K êaZv cÖ`vb Ges 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †_‡K ms‡kvabxi
w`b ch©šÍ mKj AmvsweavwbK Kg©KvÐ‡K êaZv cÖ`vb|
1986 mv‡ji 11 b‡f¤î RvZxq msm‡` 7g ms‡kvabxwU cvm nq| ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Aby‡”Q` 96 cwieZ©b c~e©K mycÖxg
†Kv‡U©i wePvicwZe„‡›ì PvKzwii eqmmxgv evlwÆ erm‡ii cwie‡Z© cqlwÆ Kiv nq| GKB m‡½ msweav‡bi PZz_© Zd&wm‡ji 18
Aby‡”Q‡ì ci 19 Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvwRZ K‡i 1982 mv‡ji 24 gvP© †_‡K wej cvm nIqvi w`b ch©šÍ mvgwiK miKv‡ii mKj Kg©KvÛ
êaZv ‡Ìqv nq Ges welqwU wePvwiK Av`vj‡Zi GLwZqvi ewnf©~Z †NvlYv Kiv nq|
msm‡` 7g ms‡kvabx wej DÌvwcZ n‡j evsjv‡`k AvIqvgx jxM msm` Awa‡ek‡b †hvM`vb †_‡K weiZ _v‡K| wKš‘
Gikv‡ì RvZxq cvwU© Ges Av‡iv wKQz †QvU `‡ji mnvqZvq 7g ms‡kvabx wejwU cvk Kiv‡bv m¤¢e nq| †Kbbv H mKj `‡ji wgwjZ
m`m¨ msL¨v `yB Z…Zxqvs‡ki †ewk wQj| RvZxq msm‡` Av.m.g Avãyi ie Ges gymwjg jx‡Mi Av‡qb DwÏb Gikv‡ì mvgwiK kvmb
Ges we‡ji we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| wKš‘ mvgwiK AvBb cÖZ¨vnv‡ii ¯^v‡_© we‡ji c‡ÿ †fvU †èvi †NvlYv †`b|6 Av‡qb DwÏb Zvi `xN©
e³…Zvq myBwWk M‡elK wb‡Kv‡ji M‡elYvi K_v Zz‡j e‡jb †h, †mbv kvm‡b Pvi †kªYxi †jvK jvfevb nq| (1) †mbvevwnbx (2)
wmwfj Avgjv (3) `j QzU ivR‰bwZK †bZv (4) we‡`wk `vZv| wZwb Gi m‡½ †hvM K‡ib eëmvqx m¤cª`vq‡K|7 †kl ch©šÍ wejwU
223-0 †fv‡U msm‡` cvk nq|
7g ms‡kvabx cvk Kivi ci †`k †_‡K mvgwiK AvBb Zz‡j †bqv nq| mvgwiK AvBb †_‡K MYZ‡š¿ cÖZ¨veZ©b Dcj‡ÿ
cwÎKvq †µvocÎ cÖKvwkZ nq|8 Z‡e 7g ms‡kvabx cv‡ki cÖwZwµqv bq, eis Gikv` miKv‡ii weiæ‡× cÖwZwµqv wQj †ewk| A_©vr
†`‡ki mKj gnj B‡Zvg‡a¨B Gikv‡ì kvmb we‡ivax Ae¯’vb †_‡K Av‡›`vjb KiwQj| G Ae¯’vq Zvi 7g ms‡kvabxi welqwU
A‡cÿvK…Z A‡bK †MŠY wQj| Avi ZvQvov †mbv kvmb †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Rb¨ G ai‡Yi msweavb ms‡kva‡bi AwfÁZv Av‡MB
G‡`‡k wQj|
mvgwiK kvmb D‡V hvevi ci me mgqB wKQz AvBbx cÖwZwµqv †`Lv hvq, we‡kl K‡i wmwfj †mvmvBwUi cÿ †_‡K †mbv
kvmb mgqKv‡ji wewfbœ Kg©KvÛ Av`vj‡Zi gva¨‡g ÔP¨v‡jÄÕ Kiv nq| A‡bK mgq ÿwZMÖ¯’ e¨w³ivI GwM‡q Av‡mb AvB‡bi gva¨‡g
cÖwZKvi cvIqvi R‡b¨| wKš‘ wØZxq †mbv kvmb A_©vr Gikv‡ì mg‡qi †mbv kvmb GB AvBbx cÖwZwµqv‡K A‡bK mdjfv‡e
†gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj c~e©eZ©x †mbv kvmb¸‡jvi Zzjbvq| Gikv‡ì †mbv kvmb PjvKv‡j ‡gvt mwjgyjøvn GKwU gvgjvi gva¨‡g
†mbv kvm‡bi êaZvi wel‡q cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ‡jb|9 Aek¨ gvgjvwU cwiYwZ cvqwb| †kl ch©šÍ GB ms‡kvabxwU m‡e©v”P Av`vj‡Zi wm×v‡šÍ
msweav‡bi m‡½ mvsNwl©K wnmv‡e evwZj †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q|10 R‰bK wmwÏK Avn‡g` mvgwiK kvmb Avg‡j Zv‡K cÖ`Ë kvw¯Í evwZj †P‡q
D”P Av`vj‡Z Av‡e`b Ki‡j D”P Av`vjZ Av‡e`bKvixi kvw¯Í evwZ‡ji mgq Gikv‡ì †mbv kvmbwU ¯úóZB msweavb we‡ivax
wnmv‡e †`L‡Z cvb| d‡j wmwÏK Avn‡g` gvgjvi ivq cÖ`v‡bi mgq Gikv‡ì †mbv kvmb‡K êaZv cÖ`vbKvix 7g ms‡kvabx‡K
evwZj K‡i †`b|
mvwe©K wePv‡i ejv hvq †h, 7g ms‡kvabxwU evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK BwZnv‡m bZzb †Kvb welq wQj bv| B‡Zvg‡a¨B GB
ai‡bi ms‡kvabxi AwfÁZv mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi ‡fZ‡i wQj| Z_vwcI msweav‡bi †mbv kvm‡bi êaZv cÖ`vb ‡Kvbµ‡gB mg_©b
†hvM¨ bq Ges msweavb m¤§ZI bq|
53
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. ‡gRi (Aet) iwdKzj Bmjvg, wc.Gm.wm. ˆ¯îkvm‡bi bq eQi (XvKv: BDwcGj) c„t 40-43|
2. Ahmed, Democracy and the Challenge of Development P. 191.
3. Ibid, P. 222.
4. Ô‰`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, c„t 17-18 b‡f¤î|
5. Ahmed, Ibid, P. 249.
6. RvZxq msm‡ì Kvh©weeiYx, LÐ-2, msL¨v-1, c„t 12-24, 10 b‡f¤î|
7. H, c„t 12|
8. Ô ˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv, b‡f¤î-13|
9. Bangladesh Vs. Md. Salimullah 35 DLR (AD), 1.
10. Siddique Ahmed Vs. Bangladesh, The Law Reporter, SPL, Issure (Dhaka) 2011.
54
beg Aa¨vq
Aóg ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv
Gikv` kvmbvg‡j me‡P‡q weZwK©Z ms‡kvabx wQj msweav‡bi 8g ms‡kvabx| 8g ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Gikv` G‡`‡ki D”P
wePvivjq‡K wewfbœ AÂ‡j ¯’vcb K‡ib Ges †`‡k Bmjvg‡K ivóª ag© wnmv‡e cÖwZôv K‡ib| G ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Gikv` `ywU D‡Ïk¨
wmw× Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| cÖ_gZ, Bmjv‡gi bvg eënv‡ii gva¨‡g †`‡ki ag©fxiæ msL¨vMwiô gvby‡li mg_©b Av`vq; Ges wØZxqZ,
wePvi wefv‡Mi we‡K›`xªKi‡Yi gva¨‡g Zvi miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg cÖavb cÖwZcÿ‡K `ye©j K‡i †`qv| Gikv` miKvi ïiæ †_‡KB êaZvi
m¼‡U wQj Ges êaZv AR©‡bi wewfbœ cÖ‡PóvI Lye †ewk Kv‡R AvmwQj bv| Zvi êaZvi m¼U †hgb Zxeª wQj †Zgwb we‡ivax‡ì
m‡½I we‡iva wQj Zz‡½|1 Gikv` †mbvevwnbx‡Z Zvi Ae¯’vb msnZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI ivR‰bwZK †ÿ‡Î Ae¯’v wQj `~e©j|2 Z‡e
Gikv‡ì Rbmg_©b bv _vK‡jI we‡ivax `j¸‡jvI Pv‡ci g‡a¨ wQj|3
8g ms‡kvabxi †Kvb Avjv`v †cÖÿvcU wQj bv, 7g ms‡kvabxi gZ 8g ms‡kvabxi †cÖÿvcU wQj ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK mvwe©K
Ae¯’vi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z| †mbvkvmb Rvwii ci †m cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Rb¨ 7g ms‡kvabxi †Kvb weKí wQj bv| 8g
ms‡kvabx †cÖÿvcU †Zgb bq| ejv hvq, Gikv` miKvi †h `ªæZ MYAfy¨Ìv‡bi gva¨‡g weZvwoZ nevi Ae¯’vq DcbxZ n‡qwQj;
†mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi Rb¨ Ggb wKQz Kivi ìKvi wQj hv‡Z K‡i RbM‡Yi mnvbyf~wZ I mg_©b wKQzUv n‡jI cvIqv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
1986 mv‡ji Rvbyqvix‡Z cÖKvk¨ ivRbxwZi AbygwZ w`‡q Gikv` GKwU ivR‰bwZK mgvav‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nb Ges
wbe©vP‡bi D‡`¨vM †bb| †kl ch©šÍ AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…‡Z¡ 8 `j wbe©vP‡b Ask wb‡jI weGbwcÕi †bZ…Z¡vaxb 7 `j Ges evg †gvP©v ev
5 `j wbe©vP‡b Ask †bqwb| wbe©vP‡bi ci 7g ms‡kvabx wej cvk n‡jI Gikv` we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb ivRc‡_ Zz‡½ I‡V Ges
Av‡›`vj‡bi avivevwnKZvq b~i †nv‡mb 10 b‡f¤î 1987 mv‡j Ò‰¯îvPvi wbcvZ hvK MYZš¿ gyw³ cvKÓ †¯øvMvb kix‡i wj‡L cywj‡ki
¸wj‡Z cÖvY nvivb Ges Gikv` we‡ivax Av‡›`vjb Zxeª nq| G ch©v‡q RvZxq msm` †_‡K we‡ivax‡ì c`Z¨v‡Mi gy‡L Gikv` 27
b‡f¤î Riæwi Ae¯’v Rvwi Ges 7 wW‡m¤î msm` †f‡½ †`b|
Gikv` †m hvÎv iÿv †c‡jI Av‡›`vjb Pj‡Z _v‡K Ges GB Pjgvb Av‡›`vj‡bi ‡cÖÿvc‡U PZz_© RvZxq msm` wbe©vPb
AbywôZ nq| GB wbe©vP‡b †Kvb we‡ivax `j †hvM bv w`‡jI Av m g Avãyi i‡ei ‡bZ…‡Z¡ KwZcq bvg †MvÎnxb ivR‰bwZK `j
†hvM`vb K‡i Ges ie we‡ivax `‡ji †bZv wbe©vwPZ nb| i‡ei `~e©j we‡ivax `j Gikv` miKv‡ii AvBbx êaZvi Kv‡R jvM‡jI
cÖK…Z Kv‡R Av‡mwb Ges ivRc‡_i Av‡›`vjbI eÜ nqwb| Ggwb GKwU wÎk¼z Ae¯’vq Gikv` Aóg ms‡kvabxi D‡`¨vM †bq|
1988 mv‡ji 9 Ryb 8g ms‡kvabx wejwU RvZxq msm‡ì cvm nq| ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g Aby‡”Q` 2 cwieZ©b K‡i cÖRvZ‡š¿i
ivóª ag© Bmjvg wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †Ìqv nq| GKB m‡½ Aby‡”Q` 30 ms‡kvab K‡i ivóªcwZi Aby‡gv`b Qvov we‡`wk †LZve MÖnY
wbwl× Kiv nq, Aby‡”Q` 68 ms‡kvab K‡i msm` m`m¨‡ì †eZb‡K cvwikªwgK wnmv‡e D‡jøL Kiv nq| me©cwi Aby‡”Q` 100
ms‡kvab K‡i evsjv‡`k mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i nvB‡KvU© wefvM‡K fvM K‡i †`‡ki QqwU ¯’v‡b ¯’vqxfv‡e Avmb MÖn‡Yi eë¯’v Kiv nq Ges
107 Aby‡”Q` ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g cÖavb wePvicwZi ÿgZv cwieZ©b Kiv nq|
8g ms‡kvabx‡K †K›`ª K‡i mviv †`‡k Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq| msm‡ì Af¨šÍ‡i mvsm` byiæj Bmjvg gwb 8g ms‡kvabxi
we‡ivwaZv K‡i G‡K dvq`v †jvUvi †Póv e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib|4 mvsm` mvRvnvb wmivR, Rxebvb‡›ì KweZv ÒA™¢~Z Auvavi GKÓ
Ave„wË K‡i we‡ji weiæ‡× e‡jb|5 we‡ivax `‡ji †bZv Avmg ie 8g ms‡kvabxi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|6 msm‡ì †fZ‡i mvsmìv
¯úóZB e‡jb †h, GK‡K›`ªxK iv‡óª Gfv‡e nvB‡Kv‡U©i wefvRb NUv‡j b¨vq wePvi wewNœZ nevi AvksKvi cvkvcvwk `~Y©xwZi we¯Ívi
NUvi m¤¢vebv _vK‡e| ïay ZvB bq GK‡K›`ªxK iv‡óª nvB‡Kv‡U©i GLwZqvi wef³ n‡q †M‡j cÖvkvmwbK cÖvavb¨ ˆZix n‡e| †kl ch©šÍ
55
we‡ivax `jxq mvsm`‡ì we‡ivaxZv I †fvU `v‡bi weiZ _vKvi ‡fZiI wejwU cvk n‡q hvq 254-0 †fv‡U| Aek¨ RvZxq msm‡` H
mgq miKvwi `‡ji msL¨vMwbôZv hv wQj Zv‡Z we‡ivax `‡ji Lye †ekx f~wgKv ivLvi my‡hvM †mLv‡b wQj bv|
msm‡ì evB‡iI welqwU Zxeª cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| AvIqvgx jx‡Mi †bZ…Z¡vaxb †RvU Ges mw¤§wjZ †ckvRxexiv 8g
ms‡kvabxi weiæ‡× Av‡›`vj‡bi †NvlYv †`b|7 Lv‡j`v wRqvI 8g ms‡kvabx‡K †auvKv †èvi †Póv e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib|8 8g
ms‡kvabxi weiæ‡× 12 Ryb mviv‡`‡k me©vZ¥K Ges m‡e©v`jxq niZvj cvwjZ nq|9 me©cÖ_g †ckvMZ cÖwZev`wU ïiæ nq
AvBbRxex‡ì †fZi †_‡K Zviv †KvU© eR©bmn wgwQj wgwUs K‡i cÖwZev` Rvbvb|10 mKj we‡ivax `j Ges AvBbRxexiv 8g
ms‡kvabx‡Z RvwZ‡K †auvKv †èvi cÖqvm wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| Zviv GB ms‡kvabx‡K evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi †gŠj †PZbv we‡ivax
wPwýZ K‡i Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai D‡Ï¨M †bb| me gnj †_‡KB AvksKv e¨³ Kiv nq wePvi eë¯’v‡K `~e©j Ges ag© eënv‡ii gva¨‡g
Gikv` miKvi ivR‰bwZK myweav nvwmj Kiv D‡Ï‡k¨ GB ms‡kvabx K‡i‡Qb| †kl ch©šÍ Gikv` H we‡ivwaZv Avi mvgvj w`‡Z
cv‡iwb|
Z‡e me‡P‡q eo AvNvZwU Av‡m wePvi wefv‡Mi KvQ †_‡K 8g ms‡kvabx A‰ea †NvlYv Kivi gva¨‡g|11 R‰bK Av‡bvqvi
†nv‡mb †PŠayix ix‡Ui gva¨‡g 8g ms‡kvabxi êaZv D”P Av`vj‡Z ÔP¨v‡jÄÕ K‡ib| nvB‡KvU© wefvM gvgjvwU bvgÄyi K‡i w`‡jI
Av‡e`bKvix Avcxj wefv‡M b¨vq wePv‡ii R‡b¨ Avcxj K‡ib| gnvgvb¨ Avcxj wefvM wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g wbwðZ K‡ib †h,
msweav‡bi †h †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv Av‡Q Zv †Kvbfv‡eB msweavb ms‡kvabxi ÿgZv e‡j B”QvK…Zfv‡e cwieZ©b Kiv hv‡e bv| d‡j 8g
ms‡kvabxi nvB‡KvU© wefvM‡K wef³ Kivi AskUzKz Avcxj wefvM msweavb we‡ivax g‡g© evwZj K‡i †`b| GLv‡b ejv cÖ‡qvRb †h,
Aóg ms‡kvabxi ivóªag© Bmjvg msµvšÍ AskwU GLbI eZ©gvb Av‡Q|12 GB AskwU msweav‡bi †gŠwjK Pvwi‡Îi m‡½ m½wZc~Y© bv
n‡jI ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y GLbI evwZj nqwb| Aek¨ 8g ms‡kvabxi ivóª ag© msµvšÍ wel‡q GKwU ixU Av‡e`b D”P Av`vj‡Z
wePvivaxb Av‡Q| D³ ix‡Ui gva¨‡g ivóª a‡g©i welqwU msweavb we‡ivax nIqvq Zv evwZj PvIqv n‡q‡Q|
mvwe©K wePv‡i ejv hvq 8g ms‡kvabxwU m¤ú~Y© ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i cÖ‡qvR‡b Kiv n‡jI Gi my`~i cÖmvwi cÖfve
evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK BwZnv‡m i‡qB †M‡Q| wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g Ask we‡kl evwZj n‡jI Zvi gva¨‡g ïay D”P Av`vj‡Zi
HK¨ iÿv n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ ivóª a‡g©i welqwU GLb ch©šÍ msweav‡b we`¨gvb _vKvq iv‡óªi †gŠwjK Pvwi‡Î a‡g©i †Quvqv †_‡KB hv‡”Q| Gi
d‡j ivóª ag©‡K †K›`ª K‡i evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK cwigÛ‡j ag©wfwËK ivR‰bwZK myweav AR©‡b ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi †fZ‡i
GKai‡bi cÖwZ‡hvMxZv †`Lv hv‡”Q| 8g ms‡kvabxi c~‡e© Ggwb Amy¯’ AvPiY AšÍZ wKQz msL¨K `‡ji ‡fZ‡i wQj bv| ZvB GK_v
wbw`©avq ejv hvq 8g ms‡kvabx eZ©gvb mgq ch©šÍ evsjv‡`k iv‡óªi Ici ag©vkªqx GKwU cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i Av‡Q|
56
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. Muhammad A Hakim, Bangladesh Politics: the Shahabuddin Interregnum (Dhaka: UPL, 19993, P.
11.
2. Al Masud Hasanuzaman, Role of Opposition in Bangladesh Politics (Dhaka: UPL, 1998), P.109.
3. Lawrence Ziring, Bangladesh: From Mujib to Ershad A Interpretive Study (Dhaka: UPL, 1992) P.
155.
4. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì weZK©, 11 †g, 1988, LÐ-1, msL¨v-10, c„t 1623|
5. H, c„t 2003-04|
6. H, 7 Ryb, 1988, LÛ-1, msL¨v-14, c„t 2130|
7. ÔB‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv 5 Ryb|
8. H, XvKv 3 Ryb|
9. H, XvKv 13 Rby|
10. H, XvKv 9 Ryb|
11. BLD 1989 (SPL).
12. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡q Dc¯’vwcZ cÖeÜ, Prof. Dr. Syed Anwar Husain, æWhither Our
Constitution. An Assessment of Original Spirit and Subsequent Changes”. (unpublished)
`kg Aa¨vq
Dcmsnvi
evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi m~Pbv n‡qwQj 1971 mv‡ji gnvb gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g cvwK¯Ív‡bi mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv‡K ‡f‡½
bZzb ivóª MV‡bi gva¨‡g| mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv ïiæ nevi m‡½ m‡½ †h welqwU mvg‡b P‡j Av‡m Zv n‡”Q, mg‡qi I cÖ‡qvR‡bi mv‡_
mv‡_ msweavb ms‡kvabxi welqwU| GKwU †`‡ki msweavb iPbv I Zvi ev¯Íevqb †hgb ivR‰bwZK ev¯ÍeZv, †Zgwb msweav‡bi
m~Pbvj‡MœB msweavb ms‡kva‡bi eë¯’v msweavbjMœ _v‡K Ges ciewZ©Z mgq I cÖ‡qvR‡b mvsweavb mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvq ms‡kvab
nq| mviv we‡k¦i Ggb mvsweavwbK HwZ‡nï e¨wZµg evsjv‡`k bq| c„w_exi cÖwZwU †`‡ki msweavbB cwieZ©b‡hvM¨, Zv †m cÖwµqv
hZ RwUjB †nvK bv †Kb| evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabxi cÖwµqvwU `y®úwieZ©bxq †kªwYi n‡jI Lye RwUj bq|2 evsjv‡`‡ki
msweavb ms‡kvabxmg~‡ni †cÖÿvcU ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv hvq †h, mKj ms‡kvabxB iv‡óªi ev RvwZi cÖ‡qvR‡b nqwb Ges
A‡bK¸‡jvB e¨w³ ev †Mvôx we‡k‡li D‡Ïk¨ wmw×i cÖ‡qvR‡b n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b we‡kl K‡i 6ô ms‡kvabxi K_v D‡jøL Kiv hvq, hv
ïayB e¨w³‡Kw›`ªK wQj| 5g, 7g Ges 8g ms‡kvabxmg~n m¤ú‡K©I ejv hvq †h, G¸‡jv †mbvkvmK‡ì †Mvôx ¯^v_© PwiZv_© Kivi Rb¨
Kiv n‡qwQj| GB mKj ms‡kvabx mg~‡ni g‡a¨ GKvwaK ms‡kvabx Avevi cieZ©x mg‡q D”P Av`vj‡Zi ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g evwZj
n‡q‡Q|3
eZ©gvb M‡elYvi gva¨‡g cÖgvY Kiv n‡q‡Q †Kvb ai‡bi cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb 1972 †_‡K 1988 mgq
ch©šÍ AvU evi ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q ms‡kvabxmg~‡ni cUf~wg I KviY|
M‡elYvi mgqKv‡ji †fZi †`Lv †M‡Q wZbwU miKvi †`k kvmb K‡i‡Q Ges Zvi g‡a¨ `yÕwUB wQj mvgwiK miKvi, hviv
cieZ©x mg‡q ‡emvgwiK miKv‡i cwiYZ n‡qwQj msweav‡b cwieZ©b Ges ms‡kva‡bi gva¨‡g| GKB m‡½ jÿŸxq welq n‡jv,
¯^vaxbZv‡Ëvi mg‡q cÖ_g MYZvwš¿K miKviI †kl ch©šÍ MYZvwš¿K avivevwnKZv eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡iwb Ges msweavb ms‡kva‡bi
gva¨‡g GK`jxq kvm‡b iƒcvšÍwiZ n‡qwQj|4 eZ©gvb M‡elYvq wZbwU miKv‡ii kvmbvg‡ji ms‡kvabxmg~n‡K Avjv`v Aby‡”Q`
wnmv‡e fvM K‡i Av‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q; hv‡Z K‡i H miKvi¸‡jvi PwiÎI ¯úó nq mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvi ‡fZi|
57
evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb 1972 mv‡j Kvh©Ki nevi ci Lye `ªæZB cÖ_g ms‡kvabxi cÖ‡qvRb nq| evsjv‡`k Zvi msweavb
cªYq‡bi mgq †h weavbvejx †i‡L msweavb ˆZix K‡iwQj Zv wQj LyeB e¨w³ AwaKvigyLx Ges MYZvwš¿K, wKš‘ ivóª kvmb Ki‡Z wM‡q
Kvh©Z A‡bK mgm¨v †`Lv †`qvq, we‡kl K‡i gyw³hy‡×i mgq K…Z Aciv‡ai Acivax‡ì wePv‡i mgm¨v ˆZwi nIqv‡Z cÖ_g
ms‡kvabxi cÖ‡qvRb nq| ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g hy×vcivax‡ì wePv‡i msweav‡bi ‡gŠwjK AwaKvi Ask †hb Acivax‡ì wePv‡ii †ÿ‡Î
eënvi bv n‡Z cv‡i Zvi eë¯’v Kiv nq| H ms‡kvabxi †ÿ‡Î †`‡k HKgZ¨ _vKvq †Kvb cÖKvi we‡ivwaZvi bgybv †`Lv hvqwb|
hwÌ wØZxq ms‡kvabxi welqwU †Zgb bq| Gi gva¨‡g wbeZ©bg~jK AvUK Av‡`‡ki welqwU msweav‡b hy³ K‡i †Ìqv nq| GB
ms‡kvabxwU wQj ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k gyw³hy‡×i mgq AwR©Z MYZvwš¿K Av`k© †_‡K cÖ_g wePz¨wZ Ges cðv`v‡cvmviY|5 ejv hvq †h
MYZvwš¿K mgvR Ges gy³-gZ-c‡_i Avkv wb‡q evsjv‡`k ¯^vaxb n‡qwQj wØZxq ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g iv‡óªi kvmbhš¿ †hLvb †_‡K m‡i
wM‡q K‡Vvi cÖkvmwbK eë¯’vi w`‡K P‡j Av‡m| Z…Zxq ms‡kvabxwU Av`vj‡Zi Dc‡`k Abymv‡i wbqg iÿvi ms‡kvabx n‡jI Gi
m‡½ †ek wKQz ivóªxq I AvšÍtivóªxq RwUj ivR‰bwZK I AvBbMZ welq RwoZ Av‡Q hv `xN© †gqv`x wQj| GB ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g
evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi g‡a¨ Kwi‡Wvi Av`vb-cÖ`v‡bi Pzw³i ‰eaZv †Ìqv nq| Gi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k fvi‡Zi cÖwZ †h D`viZv cÖ`k©b
K‡iwQj ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB fviZ Zv K‡iwb Ges †m RwUjZv †_‡K Avgiv A`¨vewa †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cwiwb hv evsjv‡`‡ki ivRbxwZ‡Z
`xN© weZ‡K©i welq n‡q Av‡Q| AvIqvgx jxM kvmbvg‡ji me©v‡cÿv weZwK©Z KvRwU wQj PZz_© msweavb ms‡kvabx Ges GB ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g evsjv‡`k MYZvwš¿K ivóª †_‡K GK`jxq iv‡óª ch©evwmZ n‡qwQj; hv MYZ‡š¿i weKvk I MYZvwš¿K avivevwnKZv wewNœZ
K‡iwQj| AvIqvgx jxM miKv‡ii GB KvRwU wewfbœfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi †Póv n‡q‡Q; wKš‘ H ms‡kvabxwU evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK
BwZnv‡mi †ÿ‡Î †h ‰ecwiZ¨ m„wó K‡iwQj Zvi dj ivóª‡K bvbvfv‡eB †fvM Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q| hwÌ cwiw¯’wZMZ Kvi‡Y GB
ms‡kvabxwUi cÖ‡qvRb n‡qwQj ZeyI weZK© †_‡KB †M‡Q, KviY ZLbKvi m`¨ ¯^vaxb †`‡ki H mKj mvgvwRK Ges ivR‰bwZK
mgm¨vmg~n mgvav‡bi Rb¨ MYZvwš¿K ivR‰bwZK c_ AbymiY KivB †kªq wQj| ejv hvq, evsjv‡`‡ki RvwZ- ivóª Zvi Afxó j‡ÿ¨
Pjvi †ÿ‡Î PZz_© ms‡kvabx wQj cÖavb wePz¨wZ| Aek¨ †m mg‡qi ivR‰bwZK mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZ wePv‡i PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gZ GKwU
D‡`¨vM m¤ú~Y© A¯^xKvi Kivi my‡hvM KgB|
cieZ©x mg‡q 15 AvM‡ói gg©vwšÍK NUbvi ci evsjv‡`k †h w`‡K Pj‡Z ïiæ K‡i wbwðZfv‡e †m c‡_ Pjvi Rb¨ gyw³hy×
nqwb Ges H A‡Pbv iv¯Ívq Pjvi cÖgvY Lye mn‡RB `„ó nq Õ75 cieZ©x Pvi ms‡kvabxi †fZi| e½Üzi nZ¨vKv‡Ûi ci †`‡k †h
mvgwiK kvmb Rvix n‡qwQj †m mvgwiK kvm‡bi digvb e‡j †`‡k †h cwieZ©b Avbv nq, e½eÜzi nZ¨vi wePvi e‡Üi digvbmn,
†m¸‡jvi êaZv cÖ`vb Kiv nq cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g| GK_v wVK cÂg ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g PZz_© ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g K…Z GK`jxq
miKvi eë¯’v †_‡K †ewi‡q Avmvi `„k¨Z GKUv cÖqvm _vK‡jI ivóª- KvVv‡gv‡Z GKwU A‡Pbv cÖwµqv XywK‡q †èvi m‡PZb cÖqvm
we`¨gvb wQj; we‡kl K‡i gyw³hy×we‡ivax †Mvôx‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÖwZôv K‡i †`qv nq| cÂg ms‡kvabx eZ©gv‡b D”P Av`vj‡Zi iv‡q
evwZj †NvwlZ6 n‡jI Gi cÖfve hv ivóªxq Rxe‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ h‡_óB we`¨gvb Ges evsjv‡`k ivóª †m cÖfve †_‡K Av‡`Š †ei n‡Z
cvi‡e e‡j g‡b nq bv| 7g ms‡kvabxwU wQj cÂg ms‡kvabxwUi Abyiƒc ev avivevwnK eë¯’v A_©vr bZzb †mbvkvmK KZ©„K cyiv‡bv
†mbv kvm‡Ki c`v¼ AbymiY Ges eZ©gv‡b †mwU Av`vj‡Zi iv‡q evwZj n‡q‡Q|7
lô ms‡kvabx wQj Avgv‡ì AcivRbxwZi P~ovšÍewntcÖKvk Ges e¨w³ cyRvi wb`k©b| Aóg ms‡kvabx n‡”Q cÂg ms‡kvabxi
gva¨‡g wfbœ c‡_ Pj‡Z _vKv ivóª h‡š¿i avivevwnKZvi cÖgvY| hwÌ ms‡kvabxi GK Ask H mgq wePvi wefvMxq ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g
evwZj ‡NvwlZ nq; ZviciI Ab¨ Ask GL‡bv eZ©gvb| GB AskwU eZ©gvb _vKvUv ejv hvq cÂg ms‡kvabxi †h mKj AšÍwb©wnZ
cÖfve †_‡K †M‡Q Zvi GKwU| Aek¨ Aóg ms‡kvabxi GKvsk wePvi wefvMxq wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g evwZj n‡q hvIqvUv evsjv‡`‡ki
ivóªxq wePvwiK Ges ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b GKwU AwZ¸iæZ¡c~Y© NUbv wQj| eZ©gv‡b †h wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍi gva¨‡g wewfbœ ms‡kvabx
ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv n‡”Q- evwZj n‡”Q Aóg ms‡kvabxi wePvwiK ivq †m hvÎvi ïiæ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|8 †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv Z‡Ë¡i cÖ‡qv‡Mi
ïiæI GB iv‡qi gva¨‡g| hwÌ †gŠwjK KvVv‡gv ZË¡wU wb‡q we‡klÁiv ZvwË¡Kfv‡e wØavwef³; Zey we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki wePvi
wefvM‡K wePvwiK ch©v‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GB ZË¡ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| G ZË¡ cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j Ô‡÷U †b‡mwmwUÕ ZË¡wUi gva¨‡g wewfbœ
msweavb we‡ivax Kg© m¤úv`‡bi my‡hvM iæ× n‡q‡Q ev AšÍZ msKzwPZ n‡q‡Q|
cÖ_g ms‡kvabx †_‡K 8g ms‡kvabx ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK c_ Pjv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j Ges †cÖÿvcU we‡kølY Ki‡j
Lye mn‡RB Avgiv †`L‡Z cvw”Q †h, Kxfv‡e evsjv‡`k Zvi Kvw•LZ Av`wk©K Ae¯’vb Ges MYZvwš¿K wewa-eë¯’v †_‡K wePz¨Z n‡q‡Q
58
Ges DÌvb-cZ‡bi †fZi w`‡q P‡j‡Q| `~f©vM¨RbKfv‡e H mg‡qi msweavb ms‡kvabxi †ewkifvMB †`‡ki gvby‡li B”Qvi cÖwZdjb
wQj bv; hwÌ Zv RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ msm‡ì gva¨‡g Kiv n‡qwQj|
GLv‡b D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb †h, evsjv‡`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqvq mvsweavwbK cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ| wKš‘ ms‡kvabxmg~n
ch©v‡jvPbvq GK_v ejv hvq †h, †hfv‡e msweavb wewfbœ mg‡q ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi d‡j msweav‡bi cÖvavb¨ †hgb iwÿZ nqwb
†Zgwb †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvi w`KwUI we‡ewPZ nqwb| †mKvi‡Y †kl ch©šÍ †ek wKQz ms‡kvabx wePvwiK wm×v‡šÍ evwZj n‡q‡Q|
mvwe©K wePv‡i ejv hvq, †`‡ki mvsweavwbK cÖwµqv myôzfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡Z cv‡iwb GB mKj ms‡kvabxi D‡Ï‡k¨g~jK
cUf~wgi Kvi‡Y| MYZš¿I e¨vnZ n‡q‡Q mvsweavwbK m¯‹…wZi GgbZi Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y|
59
Z_¨ wb‡`©k
1. `ªóe¨ evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ|
2. Aby‡PQ` 142, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb|
3. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb (i) Bangladesh Legal Decisions, SPL Issue (Dhaka: Bangladesh Bar
Council), 1989. (ii) Bangladesh Legal Decisions, SPL Issue (Dhaka: Bangladesh Bar Council),
2010. (iii) The Law Reporters, SPL, Issue (Dhaka: Law Reporters Publications), 2011, (iv) 26
Dhaka Law Reports, SC (Dhaka: Dhaka Law Reporters Publications), (v) 33 Dhaka Law Reports HCD
(Dhaka: Dhaka Law Reporters Publications), (vi) 34 Dhaka Law Reports, (Dhaka: Dhaka Law
Reporters Publications) (AD).
4. we¯ÍvwiZ cv‡Vi Rb¨ †`Lyb, Avn‡g`, †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi kvmbKvj|
5. `ªóe¨, Special Power Act 1974.
6. Bangladesh Italian Marble works limited Vs. Govt. of Bangladesh and Others, BLD, SPL Issue
(Dhaka) 2010.
7. Siddique Ahmed Us. Bangladesh, The law Reporter, SPL. Issue (Dhaka) 2011,
8. Anwar Hossain Chowdhury Vs. The state, BLD, SPL Issue (Dhaka) 1989.
cwiwkó-1
msweavb (cÖ_g ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973

1973 m‡bi 15 bs AvBb
[15B RyjvB, 1973]
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AvbxZ AvBb
†h‡nZz wbgœewY©Z D‡Ïk¨mg~n c~iYK‡í MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi ms‡kvab mgxPxb I
cÖ‡qvRbxq,
†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj t-
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv I cÖeZ©b |-(1) GB AvBb Òmsweavb (cÖ_g ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973Ó -GB bv‡g AwfwnZ
nB‡e|
(2) Bnv Awej‡¤^ ejer nB‡e|
2| msweav‡bi 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb (AZtci ÒmsweavbÓ ewjqv AwfwnZ) -
Gi 47 Aby‡”Q` (2) `dvi ci wbgœiƒc bZzb `dv hy³ nB‡et
Ò(3) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I MYnZ¨vRwbZ Aciva, gvbeZvwe‡ivax Aciva ev hy×vciva
Ges
AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi Aaxb Ab¨vb¨ Aciv‡ai Rb¨ †Kvb mk¯¿ evwnbx, cÖwZiÿv evwnbx ev mnvqK evwnbxi m`m¨ wKsev
hy×ve›`x‡K AvUK, †dŠR`vix‡Z †mvc`© wKsev `Ð`vb Kwievi weavb- msewjZ †Kvb AvBb ev AvB‡bi weavb GB
msweav‡bi †Kvb weav‡bi mwnZ AmvgÄm¨ ev Zvnvi cwicš’x, GB Kvi‡Y evwZj ev †eAvBbx ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e ev
wKsev KLbI evwZj ev †eAvBbx nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e bvÓ|
60
3| msweav‡b b~Zb 47 Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvRb|- msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fvM 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb 47K Aby‡”Q`
ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò47K| msweav‡b KwZcq weav‡bi AcÖ‡hvR¨Zv|-(1) †h e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì (3)
`dvq ewY©Z †Kvb AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, †mB e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi 31 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) I (3) `dv Ges 44
Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb wbðqK…Z AwaKvimg~n cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bv|
(2) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I †h e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î GB msweav‡bi 47 Aby‡”Q‡ì (3) `dvq ewY©Z
†Kvb AvBb cÖ‡hvR¨ nq, GB msweav‡bi Aaxb †Kvb cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ mycÖxg †Kv‡U© Av‡e`b Kwievi †Kvb AwaKvi †mB
e¨w³i _vwK‡e bv|
evsjv‡`k †M‡RU-1973
61
cwiwkó-2
msweavb (wØZxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973

[22‡k †m‡Þ¤î, 1973]
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AvbxZ AvBb
†h‡nZz wbgœewY©Z D‡Ïk¨ mg~n c~iYK‡í MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi ms‡kvab mgxPxb I
cÖ‡qvRbxq,
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv I cÖeZ©b |-(1) GB AvBb Òmsweavb (wØZxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973Ó -GB bv‡g AwfwnZ
nB‡e|
(2) 2 I 7 aviv e¨ZxZ Bnv Awej‡¤^ ejer nB‡e Ges 2 I 7 aviv 1973 mv‡ji 15B RyjvB nB‡Z Kvh©Ki
nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
62
Gi 26 Aby‡”Q` (2) `dvi ci wbgœiƒc byZb `dv hy³ nB‡e:
Ò(3) msweav‡bi 142 Aby‡”Q‡ì cÖwZ¯’vcb|- msweav‡bi 33 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc wKQzB cÖ‡hvR¨
nB‡e bvÓ|
3| msweav‡bi 33 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 33 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 33 Aby‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vcb nB‡e:
Ò33| ‡MÖßvi I AvUK m¤ú‡K© iÿvKeP|- (1) ‡MÖßviK…Z †Kvb e¨w³‡K h_vm¤¢e kxNÖ †MÖßv‡ii KviY Ávcb
bv Kwiqv cÖnivq AvUK ivLv hvB‡e bv Ges D³ e¨w³‡K Zuvnvi g‡bvbxZ AvBbRxexi mwnZ civg‡k©i I Zuvnvi Øviv
AvZ¥cÿ mg_©‡bi AwaKvi nB‡Z ewÂZ Kiv hvB‡e bvÓ|
(2) †MÖßviK…Z I cÖnivq AvUK cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³‡K wbKUZg g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui m¤§y‡L †MÖßv‡ii PweŸk NÈvi g‡a¨
(†MÖßv‡ii ¯’vb nB‡Z g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av`vj‡Z Avbq‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mgq e¨wZ‡i‡K) nvwRi Kiv nB‡e Ges
g¨vwR‡÷ª‡Ui Av‡`k e¨ZxZ Zuvnv‡K Z`wZwi³Kvj cÖnivq AvUK ivLv hvB‡e bv|
(2) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) I (2) `dvi †Kvb wKQzB †mB e¨w³i †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bv,
(K) whwb eZ©gvb mg‡qi Rb¨ we‡`wk kÎæ, A_ev
(L) huvnv‡K wbeZ©bg~jK weavb-msewjZ †Kvb AvB‡bi Aaxb †MÖßvi Kiv nBqv‡Q ev AvUK Kiv nBqv‡Q|
(4) wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki weavb-msewjZ ‡Kvb AvBb †Kvb e¨w³‡K Qq gv‡mi AwaK Kvj AvUK ivwLevi
ÿgZv cÖ`vb Kwi‡e bv, hw` mycÖxg †Kv‡U© wePviK iwnqv‡Qb ev wQ‡jb wKsev mycÖxg †Kv‡U©i wePviK c‡` wb‡qvM jv‡fi
†hvM¨Zv iv‡Lb, GBiƒc `yBRb Ges cÖRvZ‡š¿i K‡g© wbhy³ GKRb cÖexb Kg©Pvixi mgš^‡q MwVZ †Kvb Dc‡`óv-cl©`
D³ Qq gvm AwZevwnZ nBevi c~‡e© Zuvnv‡K Dcw¯’Z nBqv e³e¨ †ck Kwievi my‡hvM `v‡bi ci wi‡cvU© cÖ`vb bv
Kwiqv _v‡Kb †h, cl©‡ì g‡Z D³ e¨w³‡K A`wZwi³ Kvj AvUK ivwLevi ch©vß KviY iwnqv‡Q|
(5) wbeZ©bg~jK AvU‡Ki weavb-msewjZ †Kvb AvB‡bi Aaxb cÖ`Ë Av‡`kvbyhvqx †Kvb e¨w³‡K AvUK Kiv
nB‡j Av‡`k`vbKvix KZ©„cÿ Zuvnv‡K h_vm¤¢e kxNÖ Av‡`k`v‡bi KviY Ávcb Kwi‡eb Ges D³ Av‡`‡ki weiæ‡×
e³e¨-cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ Zuvnv‡K hZ mZ¡i my‡hvM `vb Kwi‡eb:
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, Av‡`k`vbKvix KZ©„c‡ÿi we‡ePbvi Z_¨vw` cÖKvk Rb¯^v‡_© we‡iva ewjqv g‡b nB‡j
Abyiƒc KZ©„cÿ Zvnv cÖKv‡k A¯^xK…wZ Ávcb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(6) Dc‡`óv-cl©` KZ©„K GB Aby‡”Q‡ì (4) `dvi Aaxb Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ AbymiYxq c×wZ msm` AvB‡bi Øviv
wba©viY Kwi‡Z cvwi‡ebÓ|
4| msweav‡bi 63 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 63 Aby‡”Q‡ì (2) I (3) `dv wejyß nB‡e|
5| msweav‡bi 63 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 72 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi kZ©vs‡k ÒlvUÓ kãwUi cwie‡Z©
ÒGK kZ KzwoÓ kã¸wj cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
6| msweav‡bi byZb beg-K-fv‡Mi ms‡hvRb|- msweav‡bi beg fv‡Mi ci wbgœiƒc byZb beg-K-fvM ms‡hvwRZ
nB‡e:
Òbeg-K-fvMÓ
Riæwi weavbvejx
63
141K| Riæwi-Ae¯’v †NvlYv|- (1) ivóªcwZi wbKU hw` m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Ggb Riæwi-Ae¯’v
we`¨gvb iwnqv‡Q, hvnv‡Z hy× ev ewnivµ‡gvi ev Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Øviv evsjv‡`k ev Dnvi †h †Kvb As‡ki
wbivcËv ev A_©‰bwZK Rxeb wec‡ì m¤§yLxb, Zvnv nB‡j wZwb Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYv Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb:
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, Abyiƒc †NvlYvi êaZvi Rb¨ cÖavbgš¿xi cÖwZ ¯^vÿ‡ii cÖ‡qvRb nB‡e|
(2) Riæwi-Ae¯’vi †NvlYv
(K) cieZ©x †Kvb †NvlYvi Øviv cÖZ¨vnvi Kiv nB‡e;
(L) msm‡` Dc¯’vwcZ nB‡e;
(M) GKkZ Kzwo w`b AwZevwnZ nBevi c~‡e© msm‡ì cÖ¯Íve Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z bv nB‡j D³ mg‡qi Aemv‡bi
ci Kvh©Ki _vwK‡e bv|
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, hw` msm` fvw½qv hvIqv Ae¯’vq Abyiƒc †Kvb †NvlYv Rvwi Kiv nq wKsev GB `dvi (M)
Dc-`dvq ewY©Z GK kZ Kzwo w`‡bi g‡a¨ fvw½qv hvq, Zvnv nB‡j Zvnv cybMwVZ nBevi ci msm‡ì cÖ_g êV‡Ki
ZvwiL nB‡Z wÎk w`b AwZevwnZ nBevi c~‡e© †NvlYv Kvh©Ki _vwK‡e bv|
(3) hy× ev ewnivµgY ev Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hv‡Mi wec` Avmbœ Kwiqv ivóªcwZi wbKU m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e
cÖZxqgvb nB‡j cÖK…Z hy× ev evwnivµg‡Y ev Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hvM msNwUZ nBevi c~‡e© wZwb Abyiƒc hy× ev
ewnivµgY ev Af¨šÍixY †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k ev Dnvi †h †Kvb As‡ki wbivcËv wecbœ ewjqv Riæwi Ae¯’v
†NvlYv Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
141L| Riæwi Ae¯’vi mgq msweav‡bi KwZcq Aby‡”Q‡ì weavb ¯’wMZKiY|- GB msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡Mi AšÍM©Z
weavbvejxi Kvi‡Y ivóª †h AvBb cÖYqb Kwi‡Z I wbe©vnx eë¯’v MÖnY Kwi‡Z mÿg b‡nb, Riæwi Ae¯’v †NvlYvi
Kvh©KvwiZv Kv‡j GB msweav‡bi 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 I 42 Aby‡”Q` mg~‡ni †Kvb wKQzB †mBiƒc AvBb-cÖYqb I
wbe©vnx eë¯’v MÖnY m¤úwK©Z iv‡óªi ÿgZv‡K mxgve× Kwi‡e bv; Z‡e Abyiƒcfv‡e cÖYxZ †Kvb AvB‡bi KZ©„‡Z¡ hvnv
Kiv nBqv‡Q ev Kiv nq bvB, Zvnv e¨ZxZ Abyiƒc AvBb †h cwigv‡Y KZ©„Z¡nxb, Riæwi Ae¯’vi †NvlYv AKvh©Ki
nBevi AeëwnZ c‡i Zvnv †mB cwigv‡Y AKvh©Ki nB‡e|
141M| Riæwi-Ae¯’vi mgq †gŠwjK AwaKvimg~n ¯’wMZKiY| (1) Riæwi-Ae¯’v †NvlYv Kvh©KiZv-Kv‡j ivóªcwZ
Av‡`‡ki Øviv †NvlYv Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb †h, Av‡`‡ki D‡jøwLZ GB msweav‡bi Z…Zxq fv‡Mi AšÍM©Z †gŠwjK
AwaKvimg~n ejerKi‡Yi Av`vj‡Z gvgjv iæRy Kwievi AwaKvi Ges Av‡`‡ki Abyiƒcfv‡e D‡jøwLZ †Kvb AwaKvi
ejerKi‡Yi Rb¨ †Kvb Av`vj‡Z we‡ePbvaxb mKj gvgjv Riæwi-Ae¯’v †NvlYvi Kvh©KiZv Kv‡j wKsev D³
Av‡`‡ki Øviv wba©vwiZ ¯^íZi Kv‡ji Rb¨ ¯’wMZ _vwK‡e|
(2) mgMÖ evsjv‡`‡ki ev Dnvi †h †Kvb As‡k GB Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb cÖYxZ Av‡`k cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡Z cvwi‡e|
(3) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb cÖYxZ cÖ‡Z¨K Av‡`k h_vm¤¢e kxNÖ msm‡` Dc¯’vwcZ nB‡eÓ|
7| msweav‡bi 142 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡b 142 Aby‡”Q`‡K D³ Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dv-iƒ‡c cyb©msL¨vZ
Kiv nB‡e Ges
(A) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì nvwkqvq Aew¯’Z Òms‡kvab ev iwnZKi‡YiÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© Òms‡kva‡biÓ kãwU
cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e;
(Av) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì cyb©msL¨vZ (1) `dvi (K) Dc-`dvq Òms‡kvwaZ ev iwnZÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z©
Òms‡hvRb cwieZ©b, cÖwZ¯’vcb ev iwnZKi‡Yi Øviv ms‡kvwaZÓ kã¸wj cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e; Ges D³ `dvi (A)
As‡k Aew¯’Z Òms‡kvwaZ ev iwnZKi‡YiÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© Òms‡kvwaZÓ kãwU cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e Ges Òev iwnZÓ
kã `yBwU wejyß nB‡e;
64
(B) cyb©msL¨Z (1) `dvi ci wbgœwjwLZ byZb (2) `dv ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e|
Ò(2) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb cÖYxZ †Kvb ms‡kva‡bi †ÿ‡Î 26 Aby‡”Q‡ì †Kvb wKQzB cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e bvÓ|
65
cwiwkó-3
msweavb (Z…Zxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1974 1974 m‡bi 24 bs AvBb

[28‡k b‡f¤î, 1974]
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki miKvi I cÖRvZš¿x fviZ miKv‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ Kvh©Ki Kwievi D‡Ïk¨ MYcÖRvZš¿x
evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi AwaKZi ms‡kvabK‡í cÖYxZ AvBb
†h‡nZz MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi I cÖRvZš¿x fviZ miKv‡ii g‡a¨ m¤úvw`Z Pzw³ Kvh©Ki Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi AwaKZi ms‡kvab mgxPxb I cÖ‡qvRbxq;
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv I cÖeZ©b |-(1) GB AvBb msweavb (Z…Zxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1974 -GB bv‡g AwfwnZ
nB‡e|
(2) 3 aviv e¨ZxZ Bnv Awej‡¤^ ejer nB‡e Ges 4 avivi Aaxb weÁwß‡Z ewY©Z Zvwi‡L 3 aviv ejer
nB‡e|
2| msÁv|- GB AvB‡b-
(K) ÒPzw³Ó A_© MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi I cÖRvZš¿x fviZ-
miKv‡ii g‡a¨ 1974 mv‡ji †g gv‡mi 16 Zvwi‡L m¤úvw`Z Pzw³, hvnv Zdwm‡j ewY©Z nBqv‡Q;
(L) Òewnf©~Z GjvKvÓ A_© †mB GjvKv hvnv Pzw³ Abymv‡i- evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbv nB‡Z ewnf~©Z;
(M) ÒAšÍf³
©y GjvKvÓ A_© †mB GjvKv hvnv Pzw³ Abymv‡i- evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbvi AšÍf©y³|
3| msweav‡bi 2 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k msweav‡bi 2 Aby‡”Q‡ì (K) `dvq, ÒGesÓ
†mwg‡Kvjb I k‡ãi cwie‡Z©Ó Ges msweavb (Z…Zxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1974 -G AšÍf©y³ GjvKv ewjqv DwjøwLZ
GjvKv, wKš‘ D³ AvB‡bi ewnf©~Z GjvKv ewjqv DwjøwLZ GjvKv Zèwnf©~Z; ÒGesÓ kãvejx, eÜbx, Kgv, msL¨v I
†mwg‡Kvjb cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
3| GjvKv AšÍf³ ©y I ewnf©~ZKi‡Yi weÁwß|- Pzw³ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi gaëZ©x

f~-mxgvbv wba©vi‡Yi ci miKvwi †M‡R‡U weÁwß Øviv miKvi †h ZvwiL eY©bv K‡ib †mB †mB ZvwiL nB‡Z D³
weÁwß‡Z ewY©Z ÔAšÍf©y³ GjvKvÕ evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªxq mxgvbvi Ask nB‡e Ges Ôewnf~©Z GjvKvÕ Dnvi Ask nB‡e bv|
AGREEMENT
BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH AND THE

GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA CONCERNING THE DEMARCATION OF THE LAND
BOUNDARY BETWEEN BANGLADESH AND INDIA AND RELATED MATTERS.
The Government of the People’s of Bangladesh and the Government of the Republic of
India.
Bearing in mind the friendly relations existing between the two countries,
66
Desiring to define more accurately at certain points and to complete the demarcation of
the land boundary between Bangladesh and India.
Have agreed ad follows: -
Article 1
The land boundary between Bangladesh and India in the areas mentioned below shall be
demarcated in the following manner:
1. Mizoram-Bangladesh Sector.-Demarcation should be completed not be basis of the latest

pre-partition notifications and records.
2. Tripura-Sylhet Sector.-Demarcation Which is already in progress in this area on the

agreed basis, should be completed as early as possible.
3. Bhagalpur Railway Line.-The boundary should be demarcated at a distance of 73 feet

parallel to the toe of the railway embankment towards the east.
4. Sibpur-Gaurangala Sector.-The boundary should be demarcated in continuation of the

process started in 1951-52 on the basis of the District Settlement Maps of 1915-1918.
5. Muhuri River (Belonia) Sector.-The boundary in this area should be demarcated along the
midstream of the course of Muhuria River at the time of demarcation. This boundary will be a
fixed boundary. The two Governments should raise embankments on their respective sides with a
view to stabilizing the river in its present course.
6. Remaining portion of the Tripura-Noakhali/Comilla Sector.-The demarcation in this

sector should be completed on the basis of Chakla-Roshanabad Estate Maps of 1892-1918
and the District Settlement Maps of 1915-1918 for areas not covered by the Chakla-
Roshanabad Maps.
7. Fenny River.-The boundary should be demarcated along the mid-stream or the course at the
time of demarcation of that branch of the fenny river indicated as the fenny River on Survey

of India Map Sheet No. 79 , 1st Edition 1935, till it joins the stream shown as along C
15
on the said map. From that point on, downstream, the boundary would be demarcated along the
mid-stream of the course of the Fenny River at the time of demarcation of the boundary, The
boundary ion this sector will be a fixed boundary.
8. Rest of Tripura-Chittagong Hill Tracts Sector.- The boundary will follow the mid-stream
of that branch of the Fenny River, referred to in para 7 above, up to follow the mind-stream
of the eastern-most tributary. From the source of this tributary, the boundary will run along the
shorts distance to the mid-stream of the stream marked Bayan As along, not he map referred
to above, and thence will rule generally northwards along the mid-stream of this river till is
67
reaches its source on the ridge (indicated by grid reference 046810 on the map referred to
above). From there it will run along the crest of this ridge up to Boghoban Trig Station.
From Boghoban Trig Station up to the tri-junction of the Bangladesh Assam-Tripura boundary
(khan Talang Trig Station), the boundary will run along the watershed of the river system of
the two countries. In case of any differences between the map and the ground, the ground shall
prevail. The boundary will be a fixed boundary in this sector.
9. Beanibazar-Karimganj Sector.-The undercoated portion of the boundary west of Umapati

village should be demarcated in accordance with the agreed basis of demarcation, leaving
Umapati village India.
10. Hakar Khal.-The boundary should be demarcated in accordance with the Nehru-Noon
Agreement of September, 1958, treating Hakar Khal as a geographical feature distinct
from the Ichhamati River, The boundary will be a fixed boundary.
11. Baolari Khal.-In the Baikari Khal, the boundary should be demarcated on the agreed
basis and principles, namely, that the ground shall prevail, i.e. as per the agreement reached
between the Directors of Land Records and Surveys of West Bengal and erstwhile East Pakistan
in 1949. The boundary will be a fixed boundary.
12. Enclaves.- The Indian enclaves in Bangladesh and the Bangladesh enclaves in India
should be exchanged expeditiously, excepting the enclaves mentioned in paragraph 14 without
claim to compensation for the additional area going to Bangladesh.
13. Hilli.-The area will be demarcated in accordance with Redcliffe Award and the line
drawn by him on the map.
14. Berubari.-India will retain he southern half of South Berubari Union No. 12 and the
adjacent enclaves, measuring as area of 2.64 square miles approximately, and in exchange
Bangladesh will retain the Dahagram and Angarpota enclaves. India will lease in lease in
perpetuity to Bangladesh an area of 178 metres x 85 metres near ‘Tin Bigha’ to connect
Dahagram with Panbari Mouza (P.S.Patram) of Bangladesh.
15. Lathitilla-DumaBari.-From point Y(the Ist demarcated boundary pillar position), the
boundary shall run south wards along the Patheria Hillas RF boundary up to the point where. it
meets the western boundary of Dumabari Mouza. Thence, along the same Mouza boundary up to tri-
junction of Mouzas Dumabari, Lathitilla and Bara Putnigaon Throught the junction of the two
Mouzas Dumabari and Lathitilla. From this point it shall run along the shorts distance to meet
the mid-stream of Putni Chara. Thence it shall run generally southwards along the mid-stream
of the course of Putain Chara at the time of demarcation. till it meets the boundary between
Sylhet (Bangladesh) and Tripura (India).
Article 2
The Government of Bangladesh and India agree that territories in adverse possession in
areas already demarcated in respect of which boundary strip maps are already prepared, shall
be exchanged within six months of the signing of the boundary strip maps by the
plenipotentiaries. They may sign the relevant maps as early as possible and in any cannot later
than the 31st December, 1974. Early measures may be taken to print maps in respect of other
area where demarcation has already taken place. These should be printed by 31st May, 1975 and
signed by the plenipotentiaries thereafter in order that the exchange of adversely held
68
possessions in these areas may take place by the 31st December, 1975. In sectors still to be
demarcated transfer of territorial jurisdiction may take place within six months of the
signature by plenipotentiaries on the concerned boundary strip maps.
Article 3
The Government of Bangladesh and India agree that when areas are transferred, the people
in these areas shall be given the right of staying on where they are, as nationals of the state
to which the areas are transferred. Pending demarcation of the boundary and exchange of
territory by mutual agreement, there should be no disturbance of the status quo and peaceful
conditions shall be maintained in the border regions. Necessary instructions in this regard
shall be issued to the local authorities on the border by the two countries.
Article 4
The Government of Bangladesh and India agree that any dispute concerning the
interpretation or implementation of this Agreement shall be settled peacefully through mutual
consultations.
Article 5
This Agreement shall bow subject to ratification by the Governments of Bangladesh and
India and India and Instruments of Ratification shall be exchanged as early as possible.
the Agreement shall take effect from the date of the exchange of the Instruments of
Ratification.
Singed in new Delhi on May 16, 1974, in two originals each of which is equally authentic.
For the Governments of the For the Governments of the
People’s Republic of Republic of
Bangladesh India
(SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN) (INDIRA GANDHI)

Prime Minister of Prime Minister of
Bangladesh. India
69
cwiwkó-4
msweavb (PZz_© ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1975

[25‡k Rvbyqvix, 1975]
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖYxZ AvBb
†h‡nZz wbgœewY©Z D‡Ïk¨mg~n c~iYK‡í MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi AwaKZi ms‡kvab
mgxPxb I cÖ‡qvRbxq,
†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj :-
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv|-GB AvBb msweavb (PZz_© ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1975 bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡e|
Gi 11 Aby‡”Q` ÒGes cÖkvm‡bi mKj ch©v‡q wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡ì gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kvh©Ki AskMÖnY wbwðZ
nB‡eÓ kã¸wj wejyß nB‡e|
3| msweav‡bi 44 Aby‡”Q‡ì cÖwZ¯’vcb|- msweav‡bi 44 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 44 Aby‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vcb nB‡e:
Ò44| †gŠwjK AwaKvi ejerKiY|-GB fv‡M cÖ`Ë AwaKvimg~n ejer Kwievi Rb¨ msm` AvB‡bi Øviv
GKUv mvsweavwbK Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj A_ev Kwgkb cÖwZwôZ Kwi‡Z cvwi‡ebÓ|
4| msweav‡bi PZz_© fv‡Mi ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi PZz_© fv‡M,

(K) 1g I 2q cwi‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 1g I 2q cwi‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
Ò1g cwi‡”Q`-ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZ
48| ivóªcwZ|-(1)evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb ivóªcwZ _vwK‡eb, whwb cÖZ¨ÿ wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g AvBbvbyhvqx wbe©vwPZ
nB‡eb|
(2) ivóªcÖavbiƒ‡c ivóªcwZ iv‡óªi Ab¨ mKj e¨w³i E‡aŸ© ¯’vb jvf Kwi‡eb|
49| Dc-ivóªcwZ|-evsjv‡`‡ki GKRb Dc-ivóªcwZ _vwK‡eb, whwb ivóªcwZ KZ©„K wbhy³ nB‡eb|
50| ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ nBevi Ges Dc-ivóªcwZ wbhy³ nBevi †hvM¨Zv|-‡Kvb e¨w³ ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ nBevi A_ev
Dc-ivóªcwZ wbhy³ nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡eb bv, hw` wZwb-
(K) cuqwÎk erm‡ii Kg eq¯‹ nb; A_ev
(L) msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nBevi †hvM¨ bv nb;
A_ev
(M) KLbI GB msweav‡bi Aaxb ivóªcwZ A_ev Dc-ivóªcwZi c` nB‡Z AcmvwiZ nBqv _v‡Kb|
70
51| ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZ c‡ì †gqv`|-(1) GB msweav‡bi weavbejx-mv‡c‡ÿ ivóªcwZ Kvh©fvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL
nB‡Z cuvP erm‡ii †gqv‡` Zuvnvi c‡` AwawôZ _vwK‡eb:
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, ivóªcwZi c‡ì †gqv` †kl nIqv m‡Ë¡I Zuvnvi DËivwaKvix Kvh©fvi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ wZwb ¯^xq
c‡` envj _vwK‡eb|
(2) ivóªcwZ KZ©„K Zuvnvi c` nB‡Z c~‡e© AcmvwiZ bv nBqv _vwK‡j Dc-ivóªcwZi Kvh©fvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL
nB‡Z cuvP erm‡ii †gqv‡` Zuvnvi c‡` AwawôZ _vwK‡eb|
(3) Dc-ivóªcwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^vÿihy³ cÎ‡hv‡M ivóªcwZ Ges ivóªcwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^vÿihy³ cÎ‡hv‡M Dc-
ivóªcwZ ¯^xq c` Z¨vM Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(4) ivóªcwZ A_ev Dc-ivóªcwZ Zuvnvi Kvh©fviKv‡j msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡e bv Ges †Kvb
msm` m`m¨ ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ wKsev Dc-ivóªcwZ wbhy³ nB‡j ivóªcwZ wKsev Dc-ivóªcwZiƒ‡c Zuvnvi Kvh©fvi MÖn‡Yi
w`‡b msm‡` Zuvnvi Avmb k~b¨ ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
52| ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZi `vqgyw³|-(1) GB msweav‡bi 53 Aby‡”Q‡ì nvwb bv NUvBqv weavb Kiv nB‡Z‡Q †h,
ivóªcwZ wKsev Dc-ivóªcwZ Zuvnvi `vwqZ¡ cvjb Kwi‡Z wM‡q wKsev Abyiƒc we‡ePbvq ‡Kvb Kvh© Kwiqv _vwK‡j ev bv
Kwiqv _vwK‡j †mB Rb¨ Zuvnv‡K †Kvb Av`vj‡Z Revew`wn Kwi‡Z nB‡e bv, Z‡e GB `dv miKv‡ii weiæ‡× Kvh©aviv
MÖn‡Yi †Kvb e¨w³i AwaKvi ÿzYœ Kwi‡e bv|
(2) ivóªcwZ ev Dc-ivóªcwZ Kvh©fviKv‡j Zuvnvi weiæ‡× †Kvb Av`vj‡Z †Kvb cÖKvi †dŠR`vix Kvh©aviv
`v‡qi Kiv ev Pvjy ivLv hvB‡e bv Ges Zuvnvi †MÖßvi ev Kvivev‡mi Rb¨ †Kvb Av`vjZ nB‡Z cv‡ivqvbv Rvwi Kiv
hvB‡e bv|
53| ivóªcwZi Awfksmb|-(1) GB msweavb j•Nb ev ¸iæZi Am`vPi‡Yi Awf‡hv‡M ivóªcwZ‡K Awfksmnb Kiv
hvB‡Z cvwi‡e| Bnvi Rb¨ msm‡ì †gvU m`m¨ msL¨vi Ab~¨b `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki ¯^vÿ‡i Abyiƒc Awf‡hv‡Mi weeiY
wjwce× Kwiqv GKwU cÖ¯Ív‡ei †bvwUk ¯úxKv‡ii wbKU cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z nB‡e| ¯úxKv‡ii wbKU Abyiƒc †bvwUk cÖ`v‡bi
w`b nB‡Z †PŠÏ w`‡bi c~‡e© ev wÎk w`‡bi ci GB cÖ¯Íve Av‡jvwPZ nB‡Z cvwi‡e bv Ges msm` Awa‡ekbiZ bv
_vwK‡j ¯úxKvi Awej‡¤^ msm` Avnevb Kwi‡eb|
(2) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb †Kvb Awf‡hvM Z`‡šÍi Rb¨ msm` KZ©„K wbhy³ †Kvb UªvBey¨bv‡ji wbKU msm`
ivóªcwZi AvPiY †MvPi Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(3) Awf‡hvM-we‡ePbvKv‡j ivóªcwZi Dcw¯’Z _vwKevi Ges cÖwZwbwa †cÖi‡Yi AwaKvi _vwK‡e|
(4) Awf‡hvM we‡ePbvi ci †gvU m`m¨-msL¨vi Ab~¨b wZb-PZz_©vsk †fvU Awf‡hvM h_v_© ewjqv †NvlYv
Kwiqv msm` †Kvb cÖ¯Íve MÖnY Kwi‡j cÖ¯Íve M„nxZ nBevi Zvwi‡L ivóªcwZi c` k~b¨ nB‡e|
53| Amvg‡_©ï Kvi‡Y ivóªcwZi AcmviY|-(1) kvixwiK ev gvbwmK Amvg‡_©ï Kvi‡Y ivóªcwZ‡K Zuvnvi c` nB‡Z
AcmvwiZ Kiv hvB‡Z cvwi‡e; Bnvi Rb¨ msm‡ì †gvU m`m¨-msL¨vi Ab~¨b `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki ¯^vÿ‡i Kw_Z
Amvg‡_©ï weeiY wjwce× Kwiqv GKwU cÖ¯Ív‡ei †bvwUk ¯úxKv‡ii wbKU cÖ`vb Kwi‡Z nB‡e|
(2) msm` Awa‡ekbZi bv _vwK‡j †bvwUk cÖvwßgvÎ ¯úxKvi msm‡ì Awa‡ekb Avnevb Kwi‡eb Ges GKwU
wPwKsmv-cl©` (AZtci GB Aby‡”Q‡` Òcl©`Ó ewjqv AwfwnZ) MV‡bi cÖ¯Íve Avnevb Kwi‡eb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯Íve
DÌvwcZ I M„nxZ nBevi ci ¯úxKvi ZrÿYvr D³ †bvwU‡ki GKwU cÖwZwjwc ivóªcwZi wbKU †cÖi‡Yi eë¯’v Kwi‡eb
71
Ges Zvnvi mwnZ GB g‡g© ¯^vÿihy³ Aby‡iva Ávcb Kwi‡eb †h, Abyiƒc Aby‡iva-Ávc‡bi ZvwiL nB‡Z `k w`‡bi
g‡a¨ ivóªcwZ †hb cl©‡ì wbKU cixwÿZ nBevi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z nb|
(3) Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯Ív‡ei †bvwUk ¯úxKv‡ii wbKU cÖ`v‡bi ci nB‡Z †PŠÏ w`‡bi c~‡e© ev wÎk w`‡bi ci
cÖ¯ÍvewU †fv‡U †Ìqv hvB‡e bv Ges Abyiƒc †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖ¯ÍvewU DÌvc‡bi Rb¨ cybivq msm` Avnev‡bi cÖ‡qvRb
nB‡j ¯úxKvi msm` Avnevb Kwi‡eb|
(4) cÖ¯ÍvewU we‡ewPZ nBeviKv‡j ivóªcwZi Dcw¯’Z _vwKevi Ges cÖwZwbwa †cÖi‡Yi AwaKvi _vwK‡e|
(5) cÖ¯ÍvewU msm‡` DÌvc‡bi c~‡e© ivóªcwZ cl©‡ì Øviv cixwÿZ nBevi Rb¨ Dcw¯’Z bv nBqv _vwK‡j
cÖ¯ÍvewU †fv‡U †Ìqv hvB‡Z cvwi‡e Ges msm‡ì †gvU m`m¨-msL¨vi Ab~¨b wZb-PZz_©vsk †fv‡U Zvnv M„nxZ nB‡j
cÖ¯ÍvewU M„nxZ nBevi Zvwi‡L ivóªcwZi c` k~b¨ nB‡e|
(6) Acmvi‡Yi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍvewU msm‡` DÌvwcZ nBevi c~‡e© ivóªcwZ cl©‡ì wbKU cixwÿZ nBevi Rb¨
Dcw¯’Z nBqv _vwK‡j msm‡ì wbKU cl©‡ì gZvgZ †ck Kwievi my‡hvM bv †Ìqv ch©šÍ cÖ¯ÍvewU †fv‡U †Ìqv
hvB‡e bv|
(7) msm` KZ©„K cÖ¯ÍvewU I cl©‡ì wi‡cvU© (hvnv GB Aby‡”Q‡ì (2) `dv Abymv‡i cixÿvi mvZ w`‡bi
g‡a¨ `vwLj Kiv nB‡e Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e `vwLj bv Kiv nB‡j Zvnv we‡ePbvi cÖ‡qvRb nB‡e bv) we‡ewPZ nBevi ci
msm‡ì †gvU m`m¨-msL¨vi Ab~¨b wZb-PZz_©vsk †fv‡U cÖ¯ÍvewU MÖnxZ nB‡j Zvnv M„nxZ nBevi Zvwi‡L ivóªcwZi c`
k~b¨ nB‡e|
55| A¯’vqx ivóªcwZ|-(1) ivóªcwZi c` k~b¨ nB‡j wKsev Abycw¯’wZ, Amy¯’Zv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y ivóªcwZ `vwqZ¡
cvj‡b Amg_© nB‡j †ÿÎgZ k~b¨ c‡` wbe©vwPZ byZb ivóªcwZ Kvh©fvi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ wKsev ivóªcwZ cybivq ¯^xq
Kvh©fvi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ Dc-ivóªcwZ ivóªcwZiƒ‡c Kvh© Kwi‡eb|
(2) †Kvb mg‡q ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZ Df‡qi c` k~b¨ nB‡j wKsev ivóªcwZ Ges Dc-ivóªcwZ Df‡qB
Abycw¯’wZ, Amy¯’Zv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y ¯^xq `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b Amg_© nB‡j †ÿÎg‡Z k~b¨c‡` wbe©vwPZ b~Zb ivóªcwZ
Kvh©fvi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ wKsev ivóªcwZ ev Dc-ivóªcwZ cybivq ¯^xq Kvh©fvi MÖnY bv Kiv ch©šÍ ¯úxKvi
ivóªcwZiƒ‡c Kvh© Kwi‡eb|
(3) †Kvb m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î GB Aby‡”Q‡` ivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †Kvb weavb bv _vwK‡j msm` †hiƒc hyw³hy³
g‡b K‡ib, †mBiƒc weavbvejx cÖYqb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
56| cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx KZ©„Z¡|- (1) cÖRvZ‡š¿i wbe©vnx KZ©„Z¡ ivóªcwZi Dci b¨¯Í nB‡e Ges GB msweavb Abyhvqx
ivóªcwZ KZ©„K Zvnv cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e A_ev Zvnvi Aaxb¯Í Kg©Pvixi gva¨‡g cÖhy³ nB‡e|
(2) (1) `dvq hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I ivóªcwZ †h ÿgZv Zvnvi Av‡`‡ki Øviv wba©viY Kwi‡eb, Dc-
ivóªcwZ ivóªcwZi †mB ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(3) miKv‡ii wbe©vnx eë¯’v ivóªcwZi bv‡g M„nxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv cÖKvk Kiv nB‡e|
(4) ivóªcwZi bv‡g cÖYxZ Av‡`kmg~n I Ab¨vb¨ Pzw³cÎ wKiƒ‡c mZ¨vwqZ ev cÖgvYxK…Z nB‡e, ivóªcwZ Zvnv
wewa mg~n Øviv wba©viY Kwi‡eb Ges Abyiƒcfv‡e mZ¨vwqZ ev cÖgvYxK…Z †Kvb Av‡`k ev Pzw³cÎ h_vh_fv‡e cÖYxZ
ev m¤úvw`Z nq bvB ewjqv Zvnvi êaZv m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av`vj‡Z cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvB‡e bv|
72
(5) ivóªcwZ miKvwi Kvh©Kvix eÈb I cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ wewa mg~n cÖYqb Kwi‡eb|
57| ivóªcwZi ÿgZv cÖ`k©b BZ¨vwì AwaKvi|- †Kvb Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev Ab¨ †Kvb KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K cÖ`Ë †h
†Kvb `‡Ði gvR©bv wej¤^b I weivg gÄyi Kwievi Ges †h †Kvb `Ð gIKzd, ¯’wMZ ev n«vm Kwievi ÿgZv ivóªcwZi
_vwK‡e|
2q cwi‡”Q`-gš¿x cwil`
58| gš¿x cwil`|-(1) ivóªcwZ‡K Zuvnvi `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b mnvqZv Kwievi Ges civgk©`v‡bi Rb¨ GKUv gš¿x cwil`
_vwK‡e|
(2) cwil` ev gš¿x ivóªcwZ‡K Av‡`Š †Kvb civgk©`vb Kwiqv‡Qb wK bv Ges Kwiqv _vwK‡j Kx civgk© `vb
Kwiqv‡Qb, †Kvb Av`vjZ †mB m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖ‡kœi Z`šÍ Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb bv|
(3) ivóªcwZ Zuvnvi we‡ePbvq msm`-m`m¨M‡Yi g‡a¨ nB‡Z wKsev msm`-m`m¨ nBevi †hvM¨ e¨w³M‡Yi
g‡a¨ nB‡Z GKRb cÖavbgš¿x Ges wZwb †hiƒc Avek¨K g‡b Kwi‡eb †mBiƒc Ab¨vb¨ gš¿x, cÖwZ-gš¿x I Dc-gš¿x
wb‡qvM Kwi‡eb:
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, †Kvb cÖwZ-gš¿x ev Dc-gš¿x cwil‡ì m`m¨ nB‡eb bv|
(4) ivóªcwZ cwil‡ì mfvq mfvcwZZ¡ Kwi‡eb A_ev wZwb H mKj mfvq Dc-ivóªcwZ A_ev cÖavbgš¿x‡K
mfvcwZZ¡ Kwi‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(5) gš¿xMY ivóªcwZi m‡šÍvlvbyhvqx mgqmxgv ch©šÍ ¯^xq c‡` envj _vwK‡eb|
(6) ivóªcwZi D‡Ï‡k ¯^vÿihy³ cÎ‡hv‡M †Kvb gš¿x ¯^xq c` Z¨vM Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|
(7) GB Aby‡”Q` Ògš¿xÓ ewj‡Z cÖavbgš¿x, cÖwZ-gš¿x I Dc-gš¿x AšÍf©y³; Ges
(L) 3q cwi‡”Q` wejyß nB‡e|
73
5| msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q`-

(K) (2) `dvq;
(A) (O) Dc-`dvq †mwg‡Kvj‡bi †k‡l ÒA_evÓ kãUv ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e; Ges
(Av) (P) Dc-`dv wejywß nB‡e; Ges
6| msweav‡bi 70 Aby‡”Q‡ì cÖwZ¯’vcb|-msweav‡bi 70 Aby‡”Q` cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 70 Aby‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
Ò70| c`Z¨vM BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y Avmb k~b¨ nIqv|-‡Kvb wbe©vP‡b †Kvb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji cÖv_©xiƒ‡c g‡bvbxZ nBqv
†Kvb e¨w³ msm`-m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nB‡j wZwb hw` D³ `j nB‡Z c`Z¨vM K‡ib A_ev msm‡` D³ `‡ji wec‡ÿ
†fvU `vb K‡ib, Zvnv nB‡j msm‡` Zuvnvi Avmb k~b¨ nB‡e|
e¨vL¨v|- hw` †Kvb msm` m`m¨, †h `j Zuvnv‡K wbe©vP‡b cÖv_©xiƒ‡c g‡bvbxZ Kwiqv‡Qb, †mB `‡ji wb‡`©k Agvb¨
Kwiqv-
(K) msm‡` Dcw¯’Z _vwKqv †fvU `v‡b weiZ _v‡Kb, A_ev
(L) msm‡ì †Kvb êV‡K Abycw¯’Z _v‡Kb, Zvnv nB‡j wZwb D³ `‡ji wec‡ÿ †fvU`vb Kwiqv‡Qb ewjqv
MY¨ nB‡eb|Ó
7| msweav‡bi 72 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 72 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi kZ©vs‡ki cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc kZ©vsk
cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
ÒZ‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, cÖwZ ermi msm‡ì
AšÍZ: `yBUv Awa‡ekb nB‡e|Ó
8| msweav‡bi bZzb 73K Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡hvRb|-msweav‡bi 73 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb 73K Aby‡”Q`
ms‡hvwRZ nB‡et
Ò73K| msm` m¤ú‡K© gš¿xM‡Yi AwaKvi|-(1) cÖ‡Z¨K gš¿x msm‡ì e³…Zv Kwi‡Z Ges Ab¨fv‡e Bnvi Kvh©vejx‡Z
AskMÖnY Kwi‡Z AwaKvix nB‡eb, Z‡e hw` wZwb msm`-m`m¨ bv nb, Zvnv nB‡j wZwb †fvU`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb bv|
(2) GB Aby‡”Q` Ògš¿xÓ ewj‡Z cÖavb gš¿x, cÖwZ-gš¿x Dc-gš¿x AšÍf©y³|Ó
9| msweav‡bi 74 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 74 Aby‡”Q‡ì (3) `dvi ÒivóªcwZi `vwqZ¡cvj‡b iZ _vwK‡jÓ

kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒivóªcwZiƒ‡c Kvh© Kwi‡jÓ kã¸wj cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
10| msweav‡bi 76 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 76 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi Òmsm‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ_g
êV‡KÓ kã¸wj wejyß nB‡e|
11| msweav‡bi 80 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 80 Aby‡”Q‡ì (3) `dvi Òm¤§wZ`vb Kwi‡ebÓ kã¸wji ci
ÒwKsev Zvnv‡Z m¤§wZ`v‡b weiZ iwn‡j ewjqv †NvlYv Kwi‡ebÓ kã¸wj ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e|
12| msweav‡bi 88 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 88 Aby‡”Q‡ì (K) `dvi ci wbgœiƒc bZzb `dv ms‡hvwRZ
nB‡e:
Ò(KK) Dc-ivóªcwZ‡K †`qv cvwikªwgK I Zuvnvi `ßi mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ e¨qÓ
74
13| msweav‡bi 95 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 95 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc (1) `dv
Ò(1) cÖavb wePvicwZ Ges Ab¨vb¨ wePviKMY ivóªcwZ KZ©„K wbhy³ nB‡ebÓ|
14| msweav‡bi 96 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 96 Aby‡”Q‡ì-
(K) (2) `dvi cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc (2) `dv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
Ò(2) Am`vPiY ev Amvg‡_©ï Kvi‡Y ivóªcwZi Av‡`k Øviv †Kvb wePviK‡K Zuvnvi c` nB‡Z AcmvwiZ Kiv hvB‡e:
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, †Kvb wePviK‡K Zuvnvi m¤ú‡K© cÖ¯ÍvweZ eë¯’v MÖn‡Yi weiæ‡× KviY `k©vBevi hyw³m½Z
my‡hvM`vb bv Kiv ch©šÍ Zuvnv‡K AcmvwiZ Kiv hvB‡e bvÓ Ges
(L) (3) `dv wejyß nB‡e|
15| msweav‡bi 98 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 98 Aby‡”Q‡ì ÒcÖavb wePvicwZi mwnZ civgk©Ó kã¸wj
wejyß nB‡e|
16| msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 102 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 102 Aby‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vwcZ
nB‡e:
Ò102| KwZcq Av‡`k I wb‡`©k cÖf„wZ `v‡bi †ÿ‡Î nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi ÿgZv|-(1) nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi wbKU hw`
m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq ‡h, AvB‡bi Øviv Ab¨ †Kvb mgdjcÖ` weavb Kiv nq bvB, Zvnv nB‡j-
(K) †h †Kvb msÿzä e¨w³i Av‡e`bµ‡g-

(A) cÖRvZš¿ ev †Kvb ¯’vbxq KZ©„c‡ÿi welqvejxi mwnZ mswkøó †h †Kvb `vwqZ¡cvjbiZ e¨w³‡K AvB‡bi
Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z bq, Ggb †Kvb Kvh© Kiv nB‡Z weiZ ivwLevi Rb¨ wKsev AvB‡bi Øviv Zuvnvi KiYxq Kvh© Kwievi
Rb¨ wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv, A_ev
(Av) cÖRvZš¿ ev †Kvb ¯’vbxq KZ©„c‡ÿi welqvejxi mwnZ mswkøó †h †Kvb `vwqZ¡cvjbiZ e¨w³i K…Z †Kvb
Kvh© ev M„nxZ †Kvb Kvh©aviv AvBbm½Z KZ©„Z¡ e¨wZ‡i‡K Kiv nBqv‡Q ev M„nxZ nBqv‡Q I Zvnvi †Kvb AvBbMZ
Kvh©KvwiZv bvB ewjqv †NvlYv Kwiqv D³ wefvM Av‡`k `vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb; A_ev
(L) †h †Kvb e¨w³i Av‡e`bµ‡g-

(A) AvBbm½Z KZ©„Z¡ e¨wZ‡i‡K ev †eAvBbx Dcv‡q †Kvb e¨w³‡K cÖnivq AvUK ivLv nq bvB ewjqv hvnv‡Z
D³ wefv‡Mi wbKU m‡šÍvlRbKfv‡e cÖZxqgvb nB‡Z cv‡i, †mB Rb¨ cÖnivq AvUK D³ e¨w³‡K D³ wefv‡Mi
m¤§y‡L Avbq‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv, A_ev
(Av) †Kvb miKvwi c‡` Avmxb ev Avmxb ewjqv we‡ewPZ †Kvb e¨w³‡K wZwb †Kvb KZ©„Z¡ e‡j Abyiƒc
c`gh©v`vq Awaôv‡bi `vwe Kwi‡Z‡Qb, Zvnv cÖ`k©‡bi wb‡`©k cÖ`vb Kwiqv|
D³ wefvM Av‡`k`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|

(2) (1) `dvq hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi †Kvb AšÍe©Z©x Av‡`k`v‡bi ev GB msweav‡bi 47
Aby‡”Q` cÖ‡hvR¨ nq, GBiƒ‡c †Kvb AvB‡bi †ÿ‡Î eZ©gvb Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb †Kvb Av‡`k`v‡bi ÿgZv _vwK‡e bv|
75
(3) cÖm‡½i cÖ‡qvR‡bi Abïƒc bv nB‡j GB Aby‡”Q‡` Òe¨w³Ó ewj‡Z mswewae× miKvwi KZ©„cÿ I evsjv‡`‡ki
cÖwZiÿv Kg©wefvMmg~n A_ev †Kvb k…•Ljv evwnbx msµvšÍ AvB‡bi Aaxb cÖwZwôZ †Kvb Av`vjZ ev UªvBey¨bvj e¨ZxZ
wKsev GB msweav‡bi 117 Aby‡”Q` cÖ‡hvR¨ nq, GBiƒc †Kvb UªvBey¨bvj e¨ZxZ †h †Kvb Av`vj‡Z ev UªvBey¨bvj
AšÍf³©y nB‡e|Ó
17| msweav‡bi 109 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 109 Aby‡”Q‡ì ÒAv`vjZ I UªvBey¨bv‡jiÓ kã¸wji
cwie‡Z© ÒAv`vj‡ZiÓ kãUv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
18| msweav‡bi 115 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 115 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 115 Aby‡”Q` cÖwZ¯’vwcZ
nB‡e:
Ò115| Aat¯Íb Av`vj‡Z wb‡qvM|-wePviwefvMxq c‡` ev wePviwefvMxq `vwqZ¡cvjbKvix g¨vwR‡óªU c‡`

ivóªcwZ KZ©„K D³ D‡Ïk¨ cÖYxZ wewa mg~n Abyhvqx ivóªcwZ wb‡qvM`vb Kwi‡eb|
19| msweav‡bi 116 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 116 Aby‡”Q‡ì ÒmycÖxg †Kv‡U©iÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z©
ÒivóªcwZiÓ kãUv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
20| msweav‡bi b~Zb 116K avivi ms‡hvRb|-msweav‡bi 2q cwi‡”Q‡ì 116 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb 116K
Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò116K| wePviwefvMxq Kg©Pvix wePviKvh© cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxb|- GB msweav‡bi weavbvejx-mv‡c‡ÿ wePvi
Kg©wefv‡M wbhy³ e¨w³MY Ges g¨vwR‡÷ªUMY wePviKvh© cvj‡bi †ÿ‡Î ¯^vaxb _vwK‡eb|Ó
21| msweav‡bi 117 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 117 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi (M) Dc-`dvq ÒZÓ msL¨vi
cwie‡Z© Ò2Ó msL¨v cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
22| msweav‡bi b~Zb lô-K fv‡Mi ms‡hvRb|- msweav‡bi 6ô fv‡Mi ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb lô-K fvM ms‡hvwRZ
nB‡et
Òlô-K fvM
RvZxq `j
117K| RvZxq `j|-(1) ivóªcwZi wbKU hw` m‡šÍvlRbK fv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, GB msweav‡bi wØZxq fv‡M ewY©Z
ivóª cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ mg~‡ni †Kvb GKUv cwic~Y©fv‡e Kvh©Ki Kwievi D‡Ï‡k¨ Abyiƒc Kiv cÖ‡qvRb, Zvnv nB‡j
wZwb, Av‡`k Øviv wb‡`©k w`‡Z cvwi‡eb ‡h, iv‡óªi ïay GKUv ivR‰bwZK `j (AZtci RvZxq `j bv‡g AwfwnZ)
_vwK‡e|
(2) hLb (1) `dvi Aaxb †Kvb Av‡`k cÖYxZ nq, ZLb iv‡óªi mKj ivR‰bwZK `j fvw½qv hvB‡e Ges ivóªcwZ
RvZxq `j MVb Kievi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq mg¯Í c`‡ÿc MÖnY Kwi‡eb|
(3) RvZxq `‡ji bvgKiY, Kg©m~Px, m`m¨fyw³, msMVb, k„•Ljv, A_©ms¯’vb Ges KZ©e¨ I `vwqZ¡ m¤úwK©Z mKj
welq ivóªcwZi Av‡`k Øviv wba©vwiZ nB‡e|
(4) (3) `dvi Aaxb ivóªcwZ KZ©„K cÖYxZ Av‡`k-mv‡c‡ÿ cÖRvZ‡š¿i K‡g© wbhy³ †Kvb e¨w³ RvZxq `‡ji m`m¨
nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡eb|
(5) GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q Zvnv m‡Ë¡I hLb RvZxq `j MwVZ nq, ZLb †Kvb e¨w³-
76
(K) hw` wZwb, †h Zvwi‡L RvZxq `j MwVZ nq, †mB ZvwiL, msm`-m`m¨ _v‡Kb| Zvnv nB‡j wZwb ivóªcwZ
KZ©„K wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ RvZxq `‡ji m`m¨ bv nB‡j msm`-m`m¨ _vwK‡eb bv Ges msm‡` Zvnvi Avmb k~b¨
nB‡e;
(L) hw` wZwb RvZxq `‡ji Øviv ivóªcwZ ev msm` m`m¨ wbe©vP‡bi cÖv_©xiƒ‡c g‡bvbxZ bv nb, Zvnv nB‡j
Abyiƒc wbe©vP‡b ivóªcwZ ev msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nBevi †hvM¨ nB‡e bv;
(6) GB Aby‡”Q‡ì Aaxb cÖYxZ †Kvb Av‡`k cieZ©x †Kvb Av‡`k Øviv cÖZ¨vnvi bv nIqv ch©šÍ ejer _vwK‡eÓ|
23| msweav‡bi 119 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 119 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvq,-
(K) Òmsm‡ì mKj wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ †fvUvi-ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Yi ZË¡veavb, wb‡`©k I wbqš¿Y Ges msm‡ì
wbe©vPb I ivóªcwZ c‡ìÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒivóªcwZ c‡ì I msm‡ì mKj wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ †fvUvi ZvwjKv
cÖ¯‘ZKi‡Yi ZË¡veavb, wb‡`©k I wbqš¿Y Ges AbyiƒcÓ
(L) (L) `dvq ÒGesÓ kãUv wejyß nB‡e;
Ges
(M) (M) `dvi cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc (M) Ges
(N) `dv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
(M) msm` wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ wbe©vPbx GjvKvi mxgvbv wba©viY Kwi‡eb; Ges
(N) ivóªcwZ c‡ì Ges msm‡ì wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kwi‡eb|
24| msweav‡bi 122 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 122 Aby‡”Q‡`-

(K) (1) `dvi Ò‡fvUvwaKvi wfwË‡ZÓ kãUvi c‡i ÒivóªcwZ c‡ÌÓ kã¸wj ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e; Ges
(L) (2) `dvi ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb `dv ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò(Z) †Kvb e¨w³ ivóªcwZ c‡ì wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ ‡fv‡Ui ZvwjKvfy³ nBevi AwaKvix nB‡eb, hw` wZwb (2)
`dvi Aaxb †Kvb wbe©vPbx GjvKvq †fvUvi ZvwjKvfy³ nBevi AwaKvix nb|Ó
25| msweav‡bi 123 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 123 Aby‡”Q‡`-

(K) (1) `dvq,-
(A) ÒbeŸB w`bÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒGKkZ Avwk w`bÓ cÖwZ¯’vwcZ Bn‡e Ges
(Av) kZvskwU wejyß nB‡e;
(L) (2) `dvq ÒbeŸB w`‡bÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒGKkZ Avwk w`‡biÓ kã¸wj cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
26| msweav‡bi 124 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 124 Aby‡”Q‡ì cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc 124 Aby‡”Q‡ì
Ò124| wbe©vPb m¤ú‡K© msm‡ì weavb cÖYq‡bi ÿgZv|-GB msweav‡bi weavbejx mv‡c‡ÿ msm` AvB‡bi
Øviv-
(K) †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z‘ KiY;

(L) msm‡ì wbe©vP‡bi †ÿ‡Î wbe©vPbx GjvKvi mxgvbv wba©viY;
(M) wbe©vPb Abyôvb; Ges
(N) ivóªcwZ c‡ì wbe©vP‡bi Rb¨ Ges msm‡ì h_vh_ MV‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Ab¨vb¨ welqmn ivóªcwZ
c‡ì wKsev msm‡ì wbe©vPb msµvšÍ ev wbe©vP‡bi mwnZ m¤úwK©Z mKj wel‡q weavb cÖYqb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡ebÓ|
77
27| msweav‡bi 141K Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 141 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvi kZvskwU wejyß nB‡e|
28| msweav‡bi 147 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 147 Aby‡”Q‡ì (4) `dvi (K) Dc-`dvi ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb
Dc-`dv ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò(KK) Dc-ivóªcwZ,Ó|
29| msweav‡bi 148 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 148 Aby‡”Q‡ì (2) `dvi ÒGes †Kvb Kvi‡Y †mB e¨w³i
wbKU kc_MÖnY m¤¢e bv nB‡jÓ kã¸wj wejyß nB‡e|
30| msweav‡bi wØZxq Zdwm‡ji we‡jvc|- msweav‡bi wØZxq Zdwmj wejyß nB‡e|
31| msweav‡bi Z…Zxq Zdwm‡ji ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi Z…Zxq Zdwm‡j-
(K) 1 di‡g ÒcÖavb wePvicwZÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© Ò¯úxKviÓ kãUv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
(L) 1 di‡gi ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb dig ms‡hvwRZ nB‡et
Ò1K| Dc-ivóªcwZ|- ivóªcwZ KZ©„K wbgœwjwLZ di‡g kc_ (ev †NvlYv) cvV cwiPvwjZ nB‡e:
ÒAvwg, ................ mkª×wP‡Ë kc_ (ev `„pfv‡e †NvlYv) Kwi‡ZwQ †h, Avwg AvBb-Abyhvqx evsjv‡`‡ki Dc-
ivóªcwZ c‡ì KZ©e¨ wek¦¯ÍZvi mwnZ cvjb Kwie;
Avwg evsjv‡`‡ki cªwZ AK…wÎg wek¦vm I AvbyMZ¨ †cvlY Kwie;
Avwg msweav‡bi iÿY, mg_©b I wbivcËvweavb Kwie Ges Avwg fxwZ ev AbyMÖn, AbyivM ev we‡iv‡Mi ekeZ©x bv
nBqv mK‡ji cªwZ AvBb Abyhvqx h_vwewnZ AvPiY Kwie|Ó;Ó
(M) 3 di‡g ÒcÖavb wePvicwZÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒivóªcwZÕ kãwU cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e;
(N) 4 dig ÒcÖavb wePvicwZÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z© ÒivóªcwZÓ kãUv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e; Ges
(O) 5 di‡g Òmsm‡ì †Kvb êV‡KÓ kã¸wj wejyß nB‡e|
32| PZz_© Zdwm‡ji ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi PZz_© Zdwm‡ji 12 Aby‡”Q` wejyß nB‡e|
33| cÖ_g msm‡ì †gqv` e„w×|- msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I GB AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi AeëwnZ c~‡e© `vwqZ¡
cvjbiZ msm`, ivóªcwZ c~‡e© fvw½qv bv w`qv _vwK‡j, GB AvBb cÖeZ©b nB‡Z cuvP erm‡i AwZevwnZ nB‡j fvw½qv
hvB‡e|
34| ivóªcwZ-msµvšÍ we‡kl weavb|-msweav‡bi hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I GB AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi m‡½ m‡½, (K)
GB AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi AeëwnZ c~‡e© whwb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` AwawôZ wQ‡jb, wZwb ivóªcwZi c‡` _vwK‡eb bv
Ges ivóªcwZi c` k~b¨ nB‡e;
(L) RvwZi wcZv e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ nB‡eb Ges ivóªcwZi Kvh©fvi MÖnY Kwi‡eb Ges
D³ cÖeZ©b nB‡Z wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki ivóªcwZ c‡` envj _vwK‡eb †hb wZwb GB AvB‡bi Øviv ms‡kvwaZ msweav‡bi
Aaxb ivóªcwZ c‡` wbe©vwPZ nBqv‡Qb|
78
79
cwiwkó-5
msweavb (cÂg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1979

[6B GwcÖj, 1979]
MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weav‡bi AwaKZi ms‡kvabK‡í cÖYxZ AvBb
cÖ‡qvRbxq,
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv|-GB AvBb msweavb (cÂg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1979 bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡e|
2| msweav‡bi PZz_© Zdwm‡ji ms‡kvab|-MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi PZz_© Zdwm‡j, 17 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci

wbgœewY©Z bZzb 18 Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò18| digvbmg~n, BZ¨vwì Aby‡gv`b I mg_©b|- 1975 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷ nB‡Z 1979 mv‡ji 9B GwcÖj
Zvwi‡Li (Dfq w`bmn) g‡a¨ cÖYxZ mKj digvb, Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k I Ab¨vb¨
AvBb Ges D³ †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ Abyiƒc †Kvb digvb Øviv GB msweav‡b †h mKj ms‡kvab, ms‡hvRb, cwieZ©b,
cÖwZ¯’vcb I we‡jvcmvab Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv Ges Abyiƒc †Kvb digvb, mvgwiK AvBb cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb
Av‡`‡k ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb nB‡Z AvnwiZ ev AvnwiZ ewjqv we‡ewPZ ÿgZve‡j A_ev Abyiƒc †Kvb ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM
Kwi‡Z wMqv ev Abyiƒc we‡ePbvq †Kvb Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K cÖYxZ †Kvb Av‡`k wKsev cÖ`Ë †Kvb
`Ðv‡`k Kvh©Ki ev cvjb Kwievi Rb¨ D³ †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K cÖYxZ Av‡`k, K…Z KvRKg©,
M„nxZ eë¯’v ev Kvh©aviv mg~n A_ev cÖYxZ, K…Z ev M„nxZ ewjqv we‡ewPZ Av‡`k, KvRKg©, eë¯’v ev Kvh©avivmg~n
GZØviv Aby‡gvw`Z I mgw_©Z nBj Ges H mKj Av‡`k, KvRKg©, eë¯’v ev Kvh©avivmg~n êafv‡e cÖYxZ, K…Z ev
M„nxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv †NvwlZ nBj Ges Zrm¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †Kvb Kvi‡YB †Kvb
cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvB‡e bv|Ó
80
cwiwkó-6
msweavb (lô ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1981

[10B GwcÖj, 1981]
cÖ‡qvRbxq,
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv|-GB AvBb msweavb (lô ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1981 bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡e|
2| msweav‡bi 51 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb (AZtci msweavb ewjqv AwfwnZ) -Gi
51 Aby‡”Q‡ì (4) `dvi cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc (4), (5) I (6) `dv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:
Ò(4) Dc-ivóªcwZ ivóªcwZiƒ‡c wbe©vwPZ nB‡j, wZwb †h Zvwi‡L ivóªcwZ c‡` Kvh©fvi MÖnY Kwi‡eb †mB
Zvwi‡L Zuvnvi c` k~b¨ nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
(5) ivóªcwZ A_ev Dc-ivóªcwZ msm` m`m¨ wbe©vwPZ nB‡j, wZwb ivóªcwZ A_ev Dc-ivóªcwZ c‡` envj
_vKv ch©šÍ Abyiƒc msm`-m`m¨ _vwKevi †hvM¨ nB‡e bv|
(6) †Kvb msm` m`m¨ ivóªcwZ wbe©vwPZ wKsev Dc-ivóªcwZ wbhy³ nB‡j ivóªcwZ wKsev Dc-ivóªcwZiƒ‡c
Zvnvi Kvh©fvi MÖn‡Yi w`‡b msm‡` Zvnvi Avmb k~b¨ ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
3| msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q` ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q‡ì (2K) `dvq Ò‡Kej cÖavbgš¿xÓ kã¸wji cwie‡Z©
Ò‡Kvb ivóªcwZ, Dc-ivóªcwZ, cÖavbgš¿x, kã¸wj Ges K_v¸wj cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
81
cwiwkó-7
msweavb (mßg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1986

[11 b‡f¤î, 1986]
cÖ‡qvRbxq,
1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv|-GB AvBb msweavb (mßg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1986 bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡e|
2| msweav‡bi 96 Aby‡”Q‡ì ms‡kvab|-MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb (AZtci ÒmsweavbÓ ewjqv AwfwnZ) -

Gi 96 Aby‡”Q‡ì (1) `dvq ÒevlwÆÓ kãwUi cwie‡Z© ÒcuqlwÆ kãwU cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e|
3| msweav‡bi PZz_© Zdwm‡ji ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi PZz_© Zdwm‡j, 18 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci wbgœewY©Z bZzb 19
Aby‡”Q` ms‡hvwRZ nB‡e:
Ò19| 1982 mv‡ji 24†k gv‡P©i digvb, BZ¨vw` Aby‡gv`b I mg_©b|-(1) 1982 mv‡ji 24†k gv‡P©i
digvb, AZtci hvnv GB Aby‡”Q‡` D³ digvb ewjqv D‡jøwLZ Ges 1982 mv‡ji 24 †k gvP© I msweavb (mßg
ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1982 (1986 mv‡ji 1 bs AvBb) cÖeZ©‡bi Zvwi‡Li (Dfq w`b mn) g‡a¨, AZtci hvnv GB
Aby‡”Q‡` D³ †gqv` ewjqv D‡jøwLZ, cÖYxZ Ab¨vb¨ mKj digvb, digvb-Av‡`k, cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki
Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb wb‡`©k, Aa¨v‡`k Ges Ab¨vb¨ AvB‡bi GZØviv
Aby‡gvw`Z I mgw_©Z nBj Ges êafv‡e cÖYxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv †NvwlZ nBj Ges Zrm¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av`vj‡Z,
UªvBey¨bvj ev KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †Kvb Kvi‡YB †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvB‡e bv|
(2) D³ digvb ev Ab¨ †Kvb digvb, digvb-Av‡`k, cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb
cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb wb‡`©k, Aa¨v‡`k ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvBb nB‡Z AvnwiZ ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM
Kwiqv ev cÖ‡qvM ewjqv we‡ePbv Kwiqv A_ev Abyiƒc †Kvb ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM Kwiqv ev cÖ‡qvM ewjqv we‡ePbv Kwiqv †Kvb
Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K cÖYxZ †Kvb Av‡`k ev cÖ`Ë †Kvb `Ðv‡`k Kvh©Ki ev cvjb Kwievi Rb¨ D³
†gqv‡ì g‡a¨ ivóªcwZ ev cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ ev KZ©„cÿ KZ©„K cÖYxZ Av‡`kK…Z
KvRKg©, M„nxZ eë¯’v ev Kvh©avivmg~n A_ev cÖYxZ, K…Z ev M„nxZ ewjqv we‡ewPZ Av‡`k, KvRKg©, eë¯’v ev
Kvh©avivmg~n êafv‡e cÖYxZ, K…Z ev M„nxZ nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e Ges Zrm¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev
KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †Kvb Kvi‡YB †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvB‡e bv|
(3) (2) Dc-Aby‡”Q‡` D‡jøwLZ ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM Kwiqv ev cÖ‡qvM we‡ePbv Kwiqv A_ev Abyiƒc ÿgZv cÖ‡qvM Kwiqv ev
cÖ‡qvM we‡ePbv Kwiqv cÖYxZ †Kvb Av‡`k ev cÖ`Ë `Ðv‡`k mg~n Kvh©Ki ev cvjb Kwievi Rb¨ cÖYxZ †Kvb Av‡`k,
K…Z †Kvb KvRKg© ev M„nxZ †Kvb eë¯’v ev Kvh©aviv Ab¨ ev e¨vcv‡i †Kvb e¨w³ ev KZ©„c‡ÿi weiæ‡× †Kvb Av`vjZ
ev UªvBey¨bv‡j †Kvb gvgjv †dŠR`vix Kvh©aviv A_ev Ab¨ †Kvb AvBbMZ Kvh©aviv Pwj‡e bv|
(4) Z…Zxq Zdwm‡j D‡jøwLZ †Kvb c‡` D³ †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ †h mKj wb‡qvM cÖavb Kiv nBqv‡Q †mB mKj wb‡qvM
êafv‡e cÖ`vb Kiv nBqv‡Q ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e Ges Zrm¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av`vjZ, UªvBey¨bvj ev KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU †Kvb
Kvi‡YB †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvB‡e bv Ges †Kvb e¨w³ D³ †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ D³ digv‡bi Aaxb GB cÖKvi †Kvb
82
c‡` wbhy³ nBqv _vwK‡j Ges msweav‡b (mßg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1986 (1986 mv‡ji 1 bs AvBb), AZtci hvnv
GB Aby‡”Q‡` D³ AvBb ewjqv D‡jøwLZ, cÖeZ©‡bi Zvwi‡Li AeëwnZ c~‡e© D³ c‡` AwawôZ _vwK‡j wZwb D³
ZvwiL nB‡Z ¯^xq c‡` envj _vwK‡eb, †hb wZwb GB msweav‡bi Aaxb D³ c‡` wbhy³ nBqv‡Qb Ges wZwb D³
Zvwi‡Li ci h_vkxNª m¤¢e h_vh_ e¨w³i m¤§y‡L Z…Zxq Zdwm‡j wba©vwiZ kc_ ev †NvlYv cv‡Vi di‡g kc_ ev
†NvlYv cvV Kwi‡eb Ges kc_c‡Î ev †NvlYvc‡Î ¯^vÿi `vb Kwi‡eb|
(5) D³ †gqv‡ì g‡a¨ cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvmK †h mKj c‡` wb‡qvM cÖ`vb Kwiqv‡Qb, †mB mKj c` hw` D³
AvBb cÖeZ©‡bi Zvwi‡Li c‡iI envj _v‡K, Zvnv nB‡j D³ ZvwiL nB‡Z †mB mKj c‡` wb‡qvM ivóªcwZ KZ©„K
cÖ`Ë ewjqv MY¨ nB‡e|
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cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k Ges mvgwiK AvBb wb‡`©kmg~‡ni †ÿ‡Î Ges D³ digvb I Ab¨vb¨ digvb evwZj ev
D³ digvb Av‡`k, cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡bi Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k Ges
mvgwiK AvBb wb‡`©k mg~n iwn‡Zi †ÿ‡ÎI †mBiƒc cÖ‡hvR¨ nB‡e| †hb D³ digvb I Ab¨vb¨ digvb, digvb
Av‡`k, cÖavb mvgwiK AvBb cÖkvm‡Ki Av‡`k, mvgwiK AvBb cÖweavb, mvgwiK AvBb Av‡`k Ges mvgwiK AvBb
wb‡`©kmg~n Ges †h digvb Øviv D³ digvb evwZj Kiv nBqv‡Q Zvnv, mKjB msm‡ì AvBb wQj|
(10) GB Aby‡”Q`, ÒAvBbÓ ewj‡Z wewa cÖweavb, Dc-AvBb, Av‡`k I weÁwßmg~n Ges AvB‡bi ÿgZvm¤úbœ
Ab¨vb¨ `wjj AšÍfy©³|Ó
83
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1| mswÿß wk‡ivbvgv|-GB AvBb msweavb (Aóg ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1988 bv‡g AwfwnZ nB‡e|
2| msweav‡bi bZzb 2K Aby‡”Q‡ì mwbœ‡ek|-MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb (AZtci ÒmsweavbÓ ewjqv

AwfwnZ) -Gi 2 Aby‡”Q‡ì ci wbgœiƒc bZzb 2K Aby‡”Q` mwbœ‡ewkZ nB‡e:
Ò2K| ivóªag©|-cÖRvZ‡š¿i ivóªag© Bmjvg, Z‡e ag©I cÖRvZ‡š¿ kvwšÍ‡Z cvjb Kiv hvB‡e|Ó
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t-
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Ges cÖavb wePvicwZ mg‡q mg‡q †hiƒc wba©viY Kwi‡eb cª‡Z¨K ¯’vqx †e‡Âi †mBiƒc †eÂmg~n _vwK‡e|
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g‡bvbq‡bi ci g‡bvbxZ wePviKMY †eÂwU‡Z e`jx nBqv‡Qb ewjqv MY¨ nB‡eb|
84
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Ab¨ †Kvb AvB‡bi Øviv nvB‡KvU© wefv‡Mi Dci Awc©Z ev Awc©Z nB‡Z cv‡i GBiƒc GLwZqvi, ÿgZv ev `vwqZ¡
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85
mvsweavwbK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvgjvi ZvwjKv
i). Anwar Hossain Chowdhury Vs. The State, BLD, SPL Issue, 1989.
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iii). AKM Fazlul Haque Vs. State, 26 DLR (SC).
iv). Abdus Samad Azad and others Vs. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (HCD).
v). Bangladesh Vs. Mahbubur Rashid, BLD (AD).
vi). Bangladesh Italian Marble works limited Vs. Government of Bangladesh and others,
BLD, SPL Issue, 2010.
vii). Chittagong Textile Mills Ltd. Vs. Bangladesh, 3BSCR.
viii). Dr. Ahmed Hossain Vs. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (HD).
ix). Dulichand Omraolal Vs. Bangladesh, 33 DLR (AD).
x). Fazle Rabbi Vs. Election Commissioner, 44 DLR (HCD).
xi). Hamidul Haque Chowdhury Vs. Bangladesh, 33 DLR.
xii). Halima Khatun Vs. Bangladesh, 33 DLR (SC).
xiii). Haji Joynal Abedin Vs. The State 30 DLR (HCD).
xiv). Jamil Haque Vs. Bangladesh, 34 DLR (AD).
xv). Kazi Muklesur Rahman Vs. Bangladesh, 26 DLR (SC).
xvi). Khandokar Ehtesamuddin Ahmed Alias Iqbal Vs. Bangladesh, 33 DLR (AD).
xvii). Kudrat-E-Elahi Panir and others Vs. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (AD).
xviii). Khondokar Mostaque Ahmed Vs. Bangladesh, 34 DLR (AD).
xix). Md. Yaha Vs. Goverment of Bangladesh, 35 DLR (HCD).
xx). Mullick Brothers Vs. Income Tax Officer, 31 DLR AD.
xxi). Majibor Rahman Vs. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (AD).
xxii). Meher Ali Vs. AK Murshid, 42 DLR (HCD).
xxiii). Monoranjan Mukherjee Vs. Election Commissioner, 41 DLR (HCD).
xxiv). Nasrin Kader Siddique Vs. Bangladesh, 44 DLR (AD).
xxv). Nasiruddin Vs. Government of Bangladesh, 34 DLR (AD).
xxvi). Principal Sectary, President’s Sceretariate Vs. Mahtabuddin Ahmed, 42 DLR (AD).
xxvii). Siddique Ahmed Vs. Bangladesh, The law Reporter, SPL. Issue, 2011.
xxviii). Sultan Ahmed Vs. Chief Election Commissioner, 30 DLR (HCD).
86
MÖš’ weeiYx
1. cÖv_wgK Drm
Primary Source
1.1 g~j `wjjcÎ

1. nvmvb nvwdRyi ingvb (m¤úvw`Z), evsjv‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv hy× : `wjjcÎ, XvKv, Z_¨ gš¿Yvjq, MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k
miKvi|
2. evsjv‡`k RvZxq msm‡ì weZK© miKvix weeiYx 1972-1988|
3. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, 1972-1988|
4. evsjv‡`k †MÖ‡RU 1972-1988|
1.2 cÎ-cwÎKv
1. Ôˆ`wbK B‡ËdvKÕ, XvKv|
2. Bangladesh Observer, Dhaka.
3. Holiday, Dhaka.
4. Ô‰`wbK MYKÉÕ, XvKv|
5. Ôˆ`wbK evsjvi evYxÕ, XvKv|
6. Ôˆ`wbK evsjvÕ, XvKv|

8. The Morning News, Dhaka.
2. ‰ØZxwqK Drm
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94

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evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb ms‡kvabx-1972-88 : HwZnvwmK cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

(XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi BwZnvm wefv‡M wcGBP.wW wWwMÖi Rb¨ Dc¯’vwcZ Awfm›`f©)

11| beg Aa¨vq 148

12| `kg Aa¨vq 156

142, GB msweav‡b hvnv ejv nBqv‡Q, Zvnv m‡Ë¡I-

Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h,

GLv‡b Aby‡”Q` 31, 35(1) (3) Ges 44 D×„Z Kiv n‡jv-

Aby‡”Q`-47 ms‡kvabx cieZ©x mg‡q wbgœiƒc jvf K‡it

(L) evwYwR¨K ev Ab¨wea D‡`¨vMm¤úbœ GKvwaK cÖwZôv‡bi eva¨Zvg~jK mshy³KiY;

wØZxq ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

d‡j Aby‡”Q`wU-‡Z bZzb K‡i GKwU 3 Dc-aviv †hvM Kiv n‡jv|

Z…Zxq ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

msweav‡bi 2(K) Aby‡”Q`wU n‡PQ

(L) †h mKj GjvKv cieZ©xKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbvfy³ nB‡Z cv‡i|3

GLv‡b msweav‡b 36 Aby‡”Q`wU GKUz D×„Z Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

Locus Standi wel‡q Schwartz and Wade Gi D×„wZ we‡kl cÖwYavb‡hvM¨

Restrictive rules about standing are in general inimical to a healthy system of

1. wek¦ ivRbxwZ‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki f~wgKvi Kvi‡Y

2. wek¦ ivRbxwZi Av`wk©K †giæKiY †`‡ki

cÂg ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

1. MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweavb, 1975, Aby‡”Q` 55|

lô ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

mßg ms‡kvabx : cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

Aóg ms‡kvabx t cUf~wg I ch©v‡jvPbv

msweavb (cÖ_g ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AvbxZ AvBb

†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj t-

(2) Bnv Awej‡¤^ ejer nB‡e|

msweavb (wØZxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1973

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AvbxZ AvBb

†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj t-

msweavb (Z…Zxq ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1974 1974 m‡bi 24 bs AvBb

†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj t-

3| GjvKv AšÍf³ ©y I ewnf©~ZKi‡Yi weÁwß|- Pzw³ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`k I fvi‡Zi ga¨eZ©x

BETWEEN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH AND THE

Have agreed ad follows: -

1. Mizoram-Bangladesh Sector.-Demarcation should be completed not be basis of the latest

2. Tripura-Sylhet Sector.-Demarcation Which is already in progress in this area on the

3. Bhagalpur Railway Line.-The boundary should be demarcated at a distance of 73 feet

4. Sibpur-Gaurangala Sector.-The boundary should be demarcated in continuation of the

6. Remaining portion of the Tripura-Noakhali/Comilla Sector.-The demarcation in this

9. Beanibazar-Karimganj Sector.-The undercoated portion of the boundary west of Umapati

(SHEIKH MUJIBUR RAHMAN) (INDIRA GANDHI)

msweavb (PZz_© ms‡kvab) AvBb, 1975

MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`‡ki msweav‡bi KwZcq weavb ms‡kva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖYxZ AvBb

†mB‡nZz GZØviv wbgœiƒc AvBb Kiv nBj :-

4| msweav‡bi PZz_© fv‡Mi ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi PZz_© fv‡M,

Ò1g cwi‡”Q`-ivóªcwZ I Dc-ivóªcwZ

5| msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q‡`i ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 66 Aby‡”Q`-

(2) GB Aby‡”Q` Ògš¿xÓ ewj‡Z cÖavb gš¿x, cÖwZ-gš¿x Dc-gš¿x AšÍf©y³|Ó

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Ò(KK) Dc-ivóªcwZ‡K †`qv cvwikªwgK I Zuvnvi `ßi mswkøó Ab¨vb¨ e¨qÓ

14| msweav‡bi 96 Aby‡”Q‡`i ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 96 Aby‡”Q‡`i-

(K) (2) `dvi cwie‡Z© wbgœiƒc (2) `dv cÖwZ¯’vwcZ nB‡e:

(K) †h †Kvb msÿzä e¨w³i Av‡e`bµ‡g-

(L) †h †Kvb e¨w³i Av‡e`bµ‡g-

D³ wefvM Av‡`k`vb Kwi‡Z cvwi‡eb|

Ò115| Aat¯Íb Av`vj‡Z wb‡qvM|-wePviwefvMxq c‡` ev wePviwefvMxq `vwqZ¡cvjbKvix g¨vwR‡óªU c‡`

24| msweav‡bi 122 Aby‡”Q‡`i ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi 122 Aby‡”Q‡`-

25| msweav‡bi 123 Aby‡”Q‡`i ms‡kvab|-msweav‡bi 123 Aby‡”Q‡`-

(K) †fvUvi ZvwjKv cÖ¯Z‘ KiY;

31| msweav‡bi Z…Zxq Zdwm‡ji ms‡kvab|- msweav‡bi Z…Zxq Zdwm‡j-

(L) 1 di‡gi ci wbgœiƒc b~Zb dig ms‡hvwRZ nB‡et

Avwg evsjv‡`‡ki cªwZ AK…wÎg wek¦vm I AvbyMZ¨ †cvlY Kwie;