Chapter 2

Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature

This chapter presents the related literature and related studies reviewed

by the researchers. It includes synthesis of the art and as well as the gap bridged

of the study.

Education is one of the most important things to in employability.

According to this study tracing the career paths chosen by the graduates gives

information to evaluate and creates a better competencies and education on

students.

Philip Guo (2010) a known web blogger stressed this fact one of his article

“the main purpose of education is to strengthen your mind so that you can more

easily learn to deal with specific challenges you will face throughout your life,

even though you will forget most of what you learned in school, the intense effort

you spend struggling with difficult academic materials tones your mind just like

how physical conditioning tones your body even though it serves almost no

practical purpose.”

Aqiuno et.al (2015) states tracer studies can gives information the

education and training of students in an institution the educational background

and the skill are valuable in employment of graduates. The present topic different
the present topic which is the tracer study of the graduates of T aysan

Resettlement Integrated School.

Woya (2019) shows that there are graduates, who employed and never

been employed. This suggests on institution to have connections with different

government agencies to have improvement in the employability of statistics

graduates.

Aman shah (2016) reveals that there is a gap between the graduates and

employability.

Waaije et.al shows that females are more employed in terms of part time

job than males.

Crowford (2018) states young people from poorer background are on

average, less likely to go university than their richer peers; even among they are

likely to attend highest status institution likely to graduate and less likely to

achieve the highest degrees classes. Their differences in degrees outcomes

contribute to the lower average earnings of graduates from poorer families, but

earnings differential go well beyond those driven purely by degrees attainment or

institution attended. This evidence strongly suggests that, even after taking these

factors into account graduates from affluent families are more likely to obtain a

professional job and to see higher earnings growth in a labour market. It discuss

the implication of these findings for the prospects of higher educational as a route

to greater mobility
 Lumaog (2015), states that the graduates are working on BPO companies

and they are contented on their amount of their salaries, benefits and a pour for

professional development.

Related Studies

Employment is an opportunity for graduates which serve an important

factor for the development of one state. According to World Employment and

Social Outlook Trends 2018 “the global employment rate has been stabilizing

after a rise in 2016, it is expect to have reach 5.6 % in 2017, with at the total of

unemployed exceeding 192 000 000 million persons “.Another according to the

National Statistics office (2012), there are 6.9 % or 2.803 million unemployed

while 19.3 % are underemployed or 7.312 million.

Alusen et al (2016) said “employability of graduates is one of the

measures of Higher Education institutions to ensure that the quality of education

they provide needs of the industry”, it was also stated that human relation skills,

communication skills are one of the most competent and useful in job placement.

Aquino et al (2015) states that graduates find a job that is related with their

degree they stay in their work for economic purposes and, communication skills

and human relation skills are important on it. Similarly to Sanchez et. al (2015)

shows that majority of their respondents on their study are employed, most of

them are regular employees, and the graduates are related with the skills

communication, critical thinking, and human relation skills .In addition Castro

(2017) found out that most of the graduates are employed locally and

internationally but found that only few are working in abroad because of some
qualifications and requirements they have to attain. Those who works abroad get

higher salary than who works in the Philippines and human relation and

communication skills are helpful and useful to their work. Then Humpert et. al

(2013) said “the basic rationale is that workers choose non – employment if their

reservation wages are larger than the offered wages”. According to OECD (2019)

shows employment rate on three age groups: people aged 15 to 24, 25 to 54, 55

to 64 .Tracer studies provides information to evaluate students and improve the

quality of education. Orejana et. al (2010) states “ the alumni are considered as

the best evidence of a program’s effectiveness in terms of employment and

positions held , moreover they are a good source of feedback regarding the

program ‘s relevance in the current labor market”.Another Villaneza (2015)

recommends in improving the profile of the alumni and remove the

unemployment background.

Synthesis of the art

The review of related literature and studies are concerning on the tracers

study in terms of employability and education. On the studies collected and the

previous researches found out that racers gave awareness, information on

employability and evaluation of graduates. It also stated that the profile,

educational background, skills and competencies are needed in employment.

Most skills that are being helpful and useful at work are communication skills and

human interaction skills. Another, graduates works on BPO companies in

addition, some work in the Philippines but few only in abroad because of some
qualifications and requirements also those who works abroad get higher salary

than who works locally. It was also found out that alumni are the proof of

effectiveness of employment and the reference of the results of having program’s

relevance in the current labour market. In addition, it includes the improvement of

profile and removed the unemployment background.

Gap Bridge of the Study

In the previous researches, it showed that employability requires

qualifications profiles and educational backgrounds. This study is conducted to

determine the career path chosen by the graduates. Some studies are focused

on tertiary education and in this study it would focus on the tracers on secondary

education. This were the gap that the study bridge.