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CROP PROTECTION

1. Group of microorganisms that can directly penetrate the intact host surface
a. Fungi b. bacteria c. virus d. viroids
2. May cause disease in plants
a. Abiotic factors b. parasites c. infectious agents d. all of the above
3. A diseased plants is a
a. Pathogen b. parasite c. suscept d. abiotic
4. Entomology is the study of insects. In the Philippines, the first written record of Philippine
insect was made by
a. Pigafetta b. Sedano c. Semper d. Corcuera
5. The first record of Philippine insects was made in
a. Leyte b. Laguna c. Panay Island d. Palawan
6. The earliest recorded account of locust swarm in the Philippines was in
a. 1521 b. 1569 c. 1593 d. 1858
7. The earliest observation of a locust swarm in the country was made in
a. Leyte b. Laguna C Panay Island d. Palawan
8. The “father of Philippine Entomology of the first Filipino instructor in Entomology
a. Ledyard b. Uichanco c. Mackie d. Baker
9. The Father of Plant Pathology is
a. Prevost b. Kuhn c. De Barry d. Pasteur
10. In 1902, this institution was organized. One of its important activities involved the control
of migratory locust
a. Bureau of Agriculture b. Department of Agriculture c. Ministry of Agriculture
d. pest Control Center
11. This person contributed to the knowledge of Philippine fauna more than any other
individual in his time (early 1900’s), He collaborated with 115 world authorities resulting in
the publication of 400 papers on Philippine insects
a. Ledyard b. Uichanco c. Mackie d. Baker
12. Insects are important to agriculture for the following reasons EXCEPT
a. They serve as pests to crop plants
b. They serve as parasitoids of pests
c. They are vectors of disease causing organisms on cats
d. They are pollinators
13. Insects serve various roles in the ecosystem. This particular activity of insects is
beneficial to man and agriculture EXCEPT
a. Feeding on various insect pests in the field
b. Feeding on important food plant crops
c. Feeding on clothes, books, magazines
d. Transmitting disease-causing organisms
14. This particular activity of insects is destructive to man and agriculture EXCEPT
a. Production of silk by silkworm
b. Production of royal jelly by honeybees
c. Lodging ang feeding inside stems of food plants
d. Pollinating important food plant crops
15. These products come from insects EXCEPT
a. Silk b. antibiotics c. varnish d. royal jelly
16. From an agriculture point of view, insects are beneficial because of the following
activities, EXCEPT when
a. They feed on other insects which serve as pests of crop plants
b. They promote decomposition
c. They serve as pollinators of weeds competing with food plant crops
d. They produce honey in honeycombs
17. The antennae are located in what part of the insect?
a. Head b. prothorax c. mesothorax d. abdomen
18. A common symptom of diseases caused by fungi
a. Mosaic b. sarcody c. spot d. yellowing
19. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of insect pest/s?
a. An insect that injures important food crops
b. An unwanted insect in the field
c. Insect whose population becomes damaging to crops
d. Obnoxious insects
20. This kind of pest cause major damage on a regular basis unless controlled
a. Key pest b. occasional pest c. secondary pest d. serious pest
21. Organisms that become pests due to control actions taken against other organisms
a. Key pest b. occasional pest c. secondary pest d. serious pest
22. The population density, at which the cost to control the pest equals the financial loss due
to damage of the pest (actual or potential), is known as:
a. Economic Threshold Level
b. Economic Injury Level
c. Decision-making level
d. Population Control level
23. The population density where treatment/control measures must be employed to prevent
economic loss due to the pest
a. Economic threshold level
b. Economic injury level
c. Decision-making level
d. Population control level

24. Phytophagous species feed on plants. Which of the following is an example of a


phytophagous insects?
a. Black bean aphid
b. Coccinellid beetle
c. Trichogramma sp.
d. Dragonfly
25. Which of the following is a carnivorous insect?
a. Coccinellid beetle
b. Rhinoceros beetle
c. Diamond back moth
d. Weevil
26. The following are plant sap/juice feeders EXCEPT
a. Corn earworm moth
b. Rice bug
c. Cotton stainer
d. Mungbean weevil
27. The first record of Philippine fungus was the one collected in 1820 by
a. Rehm b. nees c. de BAry d. Chamisso
28. The “father of systemic mycology” is
a. Anton de Bary b. pier Saccardo c. Pier Antionio Micheli
29. This is polyphagous species, i.e. feeding on a variety of crops (e.g. corn, tomato, cotton,
legumes)
a. Ostrinia furnacalis b. Corcyra cephalonica c. Leucinodes orbonalis d.
Helicoverpa armigera
30. Which of the following have piercing-sucking type of mouthparts and cause browning or
brown spots on the host EXCEPT
a. Cotton stainer b. insect causing deadheart c. rice bug d. insect causing
“hopperburn”
31. Which of the following is probably due to an insect pest with piercing sucking type of
mouthparts?
a. Whitehead b. browning of rice grains c. deadheart c. rice panicles with
missing grains
32. “hopperburn” is cause by
a. Dacus (Zeogadacs) cucurbitae
b. Nilaparvata lugens
c. Eilachna philippinensis
d. Leptocorisa oratorius
33. This insect is a notorious vector of the tungro virus
a. Nephotettix virescens
b. Nilaparvata lugens
c. Sesamia inferens’
d. chrysodeixis chalcites

34. these are all important pests of rice EXCEPT


a. Leptocorisa oratorius
b. Aulacophora indica
c. Nephotettix virescens
d. Nilaparvata lugens
35. Which one is an important pest of rice during the reproductive stage?
a. Leptocorisa oratorius
b. Aulacophora indica
c. Nephotettix virescens
d. Nilaparvata lugens
36. The vector of the tungro virus is commonly known as
a. Green leafhopper b. Green plant hopper c, Brown planthopper
d. Brown leafhopper
37. Aside from direct feeding , this insect transmits disease-causing organisms
a. Dacus (Zeogodacus) cucurbitae
b. Nelaparvate lugens
c. Epilachna philippinensis
d. Leptocorisa oratorius
38. Leptocorisa oratorius damages rice plants by:
a. Picking on the rice grains from the panicles
b. Feeding directly on the rice grains causing brown spots
c. Tunneling in the rice stems and blocking flow of nutrients
d. Cutting the whole panicle of rice
39. Leptocorisa oratorius is commonly known as:
a. Striped stemborer b.Rice bug c.White stemborer
d. Rice aphid
40. The scientific name of corn borer
a. Oryctes rhinoceros
b. Helicoverpa armigera
c. Ostrinia furnacalis
d. Chrysodeixis chalcites
41. The scientific name of corn semi-looper
a. Orytes rhinoceros
b. Helicoverpa armigera
c. Ostrinia furnacalis
d. Chrysodeixis chalcites
42. Plutella xylostella is commonly known as
a. Cabbage worm b. diamondback moth c. cutworm d, rice moth
43. Feeding of this insect pest cause the lace-like appearance of pechay leaves
a. Plutella xylostella b. Scirpophaga incertulas c. Sitophilus oryzae
d. Ostrinia furnacalis
44. Crocidolomia pavonana (=binotalis) is commonly known as
a. Cabbage worm b.Diamondback moth cCutworm d.Rice
moth
45. grubs of this insect pest bore into the roots; adults scrape the epidermis of leaves giving it
a shredded appearance
a. Dacus (Zeogodacus) cucurbitae
b. Epilachna philippinensis
c. Aulacophora indica
d. Spodoptera litura
46. The scientific name of tomato lady beetle
a. Dacus (Zeogodacus) cucurbitae
b. Epilachna philippinensis
c. Aulacophora indica
d. Spodoptera litura
47. Leucinodes orbonalis is commonly known as
a. Bean pod borer b.Eggplant shoot borer c.Corn earworm d.Cutworm
48. Dysdercus cingulatus also feed on
a. Legumes b. okra pod c. bean pods d. ampalaya fruit
49. Dysdercus cingulatus is commonly known as
a. Cotton stainer b.Eggplant shoot borer c.Rice bug d.Cutworm
50. All of the following pests belong to order Hemiptera, EXCEPT
a. Cotton stainer b. Green leafhopper c. Rice bug d. Sweet potato weevil
51. Cylas formicarius formicarius feeds on
a. Cabbage b. mango c. sweet potato d. cucurbits
52. Which is a pest of fruit crop?
a. Idioscopus niveosparus
b. Cylas formicarius formicarius
c. Spodoptera litura
d. Scirpophaga innotata
53. Idioscopus niveosparus is commonly known as
a. Mango leafhopper
b. Sweet potato weevil
c. Cutworm
d. White stemborer
54. This pest belong to order Diptera
a. Dacus (Zeogodacus) cucurbitae
b. Epilachna philippinensis
c. Aulacophora indica
d. Spodoptera litura
55. All of the following have chewing type of mouthparts and cause conspicuous holes and
feeding cuts of plants (e.g. leaves, fruits, stems) EXCEPT
a. Rice stemborer b. Corn earworm c. Squash beetle
d. Brown planthopper
56. All the following are rice stembores, EXCEPT
a. Chilo suppressalis
b. Scirpophaga incertulas
c. Sesamia inferens
d. Leucinodes orbonalis
57. This insect is well-known and well-studied pest of crucifers
a. Plutella xylostella
b. Scirpophaga incertulas
c. Sitophilus oryzae
d. Ostrinia furnacalis
58. This insect attacks the stem, leaves, ear and tassels of the corn plant
a. Ostrinia furnacalis
b. Helicoverpa armigera
c. Chrysodeixis chalcites
d. Aulacophora indica
59. All the following are destructive only during the larval stage EXCEPT
a. Rice stemborer b. Tomato lady beetle c. Corn borer d. Corn
semi-borer
60. Feeding holes at the tip of a corn ear are most probably due to
a. Leucinodes orbonalis
b. Helicoverpa armigera
c. Ostrinia furnacalis
d. Crocidolomia pavonana (=binotalis
61. This pest is commonly known as corn seedling maggot. It can cause the drying up of
young leaves; a symptom called “deadheart”
a. Ostrinia furnacalis
b. Atherigona oryzae
c. Chrysodeixis chalcites
d. Aulacophora indica
62. This species is one of the important pest of coconut
a. Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
b. Maruca testulalis
c. Epilachna philippinensis
d. Crocidolomia binotalis
63. This is an example of stored product pest
a. Rice moth b.Whitefly c. Rice stemborer d.Yellow
squash beetle
64. This is the most common species of rats known in Philippine ricefields. It was formerly
referred to as Rattus rattus mindanensis
a. Rattus tanezumi
b. Rattus norvegicus
c. Rattus argentiventer
d. Rattus exulans
65. A good example of a local poisonous mushroom
a. Vovariella b. Armillaria c. Amanita d. Pleurotus
66. The following can be due to rats EXCEPT
a. Intact panicles with missing grains
b. Cut panicles
c. Cut tillers
d. Damaged rice grains in storage
67. In this method of control, there is deliberate alteration of the production system, either the
cropping system itself or specific crop production practices to reduce pest populations ro
avoid pest injury to crops
a. Biological control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Genetic insect control
68. Physical detachment of infested plant parts is an example of what type of insect pest
control?
a. Quarantine control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Mechanical control
69. This method of insect pest control uses varieties of plants that exhibit tolerance to insect
pests
a. Biological control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Genetic insect control
70. All of the above are aspects of cultural control of insect pests, EXCEPT
a. Well0timed planting and harvesting
b. Removal of crop residues
c. Sanitation
d. Release of earwigs in the field
71. The following exemplify the mechanical method of controlling insect pests, EXCEPT
a. Pheromone trapping b. Seeds and bulbs immersed in hot
water’
c. Hilling up d. Insect netting
72. This method of insect pest control uses varieties of plants that exhibit antibiosis to insect
pests
a. Biological control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Genetic insect control
73. In the mechanism of antibiosis, the plants are rendered unattractive to insect pests
because of
a. Trchomes
b. Hard epidermis
c. Secondary plant substances
d. Thick cell walls
74. Using BT corn seeds for planting is an example of what type of insect pest control?
a. Biological control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Genetic insect control
75. With the use of this method of insect pest control, the screwworm fly outbreak in the
world was prevented. A major aspect of this method is the irradiation of male flies, and
then the release of these sterile insects to mate with natural populations
a. Genetic control
b. Biological control
c. Quarantine control
d. Chemical control
76. This method of insect control uses other organisms to combat insect pest population
build-up.
a. Biological control
b. Host plant resistance
c. Cultural control
d. Genetic insect control
77. Which activity is not part of Biological control?
a. Screening and quarantine of potential biocon agents
b. Screening of various lines/strains of plants
c. Mass production of predatory species
d. Mass production of host plants
78. The following are examples of commercially available biological control agents EXCEPT
a. Diadegma semiclausum
b. Bacillus thuringensis
c. Metarrhizium anisopliae
d. Coelopnora inequalis

79. Which of the following would promote the presence of biological control agents in the
farm?
a. Use of monoculture
b. Use of big farm lot sizes
c. Presence of hyperparasites
d. Presence of alternate plants for refuge
80. Exotic biological control agents are:
a. Biocon agents which are not locally available
b. Biocon agents which are available in limited numbers
c. Biocon agents which are rare
d. Biocon agents which are genetically modified
81. Indigenous biological control agents are:
a. Biocon agents which are not locally available
b. Biocon agents which are available in limited numbers
c. Biocon agents which are rare
d. Biocon agents which are genetically modified
82. In bioassay of pesticides, concentrations of test solutions are usually expressed in
a. Milliliter
b. Ppm
c. Percent
d. Grams
83. The type of formulation where the active materials readily dissolve in water but not in
organic solvents
a. Aqueous concentrates
b. Emulsifiable concentration
c. Wettable powders
d. Granules
84. The type of formulation where the active material do not dissolve in water but are
dissolved
a. Aqueous concentrates
b. Emulsifiable concentration
c. Wettable powders
d. Granules
85. The type of forlulation where the active material is combined with inert ingredient and/or
carriers
a. Aqueous concentrates
b. Emulsifiable concentration
c. Wettable powders
d. Granules
86. The type of formulation where the active is neither soluble in water nor organic solvent,
hence it is mixed with water in the presence of a dispersing agent
a. Aqueous concentrates b. Emulsifiable concentration c. Wettable powders
d. Granules

For number 87-90, consider these informations


Average time to cover 100 sq. m. = 3.8 minutes
Average volume delivered at ave. time = 2.5 liters
Tankload capacity 16 liters
87. What is the spray delivery per hectare?
a. 250 ml b. 2.50 li c. 250 li d. 2.50 ml
88. Calculate the number of tankload needed per hectare
a. 14.0 tankloads
b. 15.6 tankloads
c. 17.0 tankloads
d. 16.5 tankloads
89. What is the approximate area covered by one tankload?
a. 640 sq.m
b. 500 sq m
c. 0.064 sq m
d. 0.500 sq. m
90. How many lbs of a 50% Beniate is needed to prepare 30 gallons of a 0.5% spray solution
(Note. 1 gallon =8.345 lbs)
a. 3.5 lbs
b. 0.025 lbs
c. 0.3 lbs
d. 2.5 lbs
91. Following importation of citrus from the Philippines in 1914 by the U.S., an outbreak of
the citrus leafminer occurred. Although this outbreak was successfully controlled, the
outbreak itself could have been prevented by means of this method of insect pest control
a. Biological control
b. Chemical control
c. Mechanical control
d. Quarantine control
92. The following are essential in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) EXCEPT
a. A thorough understanding of the ecological relationships in the farm
b. Pest population sampling
c. Monitoring and use of threshold levels in making decisions
d. Eradication of pest population
93. In IPM, the use of selective insecticides is preferred over others. Selective insecticides
are
a. Non-toxic or slightly to beneficial insects
b. Toxic only against certain kinds of pest
c. Those against which the target insect has already developed resistance
d. Those that inhibit the development and reproduction of beneficial insects
94. Insect pest population sampling involves
a. Direct counting of all pests in the farm
b. Collection of all damaged plant parts
c. Making at least 2.5 sweeps (using an insect net) in the field
d. Counting of all damaged plant parts
95. A weed which germinates, grow vegetatively, produce seeds and is able to live from year
to year is
a. An annual weed
b. A dicot seed
c. A monocot weed
d. A perennial weed
96. It is observed in indigenous people communities that some weeds are removed and
controlled at once but others are left to grow with the crop for quite sometime. This is
practiced because:
a. The removed weeds are hard to control while those retained are easier to control
b. The removed weeds are perennial while those retained are annuals
c. The removed weeds are aggressive while those retained are not
d. The removed weeds are harmful to them while those retained are of some use to
them
97. In crop production, the primary reason why weed is considered as a pest is
a. It is able to harbor other organisms
b. It is able to significantly lower the quantity and quality of the products
c. It produces seeds and vegetative propagules
d. It annoys human
98. Seed dormancy is an important adaptive mechanism of weeds because
a. It permits weeds to germinate when environment conditions in the farm would give
greater chAnce for its survival
b. It permits germination of the weeds after the crop has been established
c. It removes the capacity of the weeds to reproduce asexually
d. It prevents the weed seeds under the soil from decaying
99. A farmer wanted to control grass weeds in his 0.5 ha farm so he decided to apply
Machete 800 EC. If the recommended rate calls for the application of 1.0 liter/ha, how
much Machete 800 EC should the farmer use?
a. 1.5 liters b. 0.63 liters c. 0.313 liters d. 0.176 liters
100. The primary propagule for reproduction of Imperata cylindrical is
a. Tuber b. stolon c. rhizome d. seed
101. Which among the following best describes a weed in relation to crop production
a. It is a product of natural selection
b. It is a pest at a particular situation
c. It is a plant without any use nor function
d. It is a plant whose virtues have not yet been discovered
102. 2, 4-D is an old herbicide that can effectively control broadleaf weeds. 2,4-D
stands for
a. 2,4 dichloro acetic acid
b. 2,4 dichloro benzoic acid
c. 2,4 dichloro phenoxy acetic acid
d. 2,4 dichloro phenol
103. Which among the following factors is most important for germination of buried
weed seeds?
a. Light
b. Photosynthesis
c. Temperature
d. Water
104. Causal agent of soft rot of vegetable
a. Pseudomonas solanacearum
b. Pectobacterium carotovorum
c. Xanthomonas campestris pv. Campestris
d. Pseudomonas syringe pv. Glycinea
105. Causal agent of bacterial wilt of tomato
a. Pectobacterium arotovorum
b. Xanthomonas vesicatoria
c. Ralstonia solanacearum
d. Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae
106. Causal agent of bacterial blight of rice
a. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola
b. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae
c. Xanthomonas sacchari
d. Xantohomonas campestris
107. Cases fire blight of apples and pears
a. Erwinia amylovora
b. Erwinia ghysamthemi
c. Erwinia carotovora
d. Erinia setwarti
108. A micronutrient that is needed by bacteria in small amount
a. Carbon b. manganese c. nitrogen d. phosphorous
109. A stage in the bacterial growth phased characterized by the exponential increase
in cell population
a. Lag phase
b. Logarithmic phase
c. Stationary phase
d. Death phase
110. The basic unit of bacteria classification
a. Kingdom b. family c. genus d. species
111. A group within a pathogen species that infect a set of differential varieties
a. Species b. race c. pathovar d. biovar
112. A virus that infects bacteria
a. Prophage
b. Baculovirus
c. Bacteriophage
d. Macrophage
113. The sequence of events that give rise to disease
a. Pathogenesis
b. Disease cycle
c. Saprogenesis
d. Pathogen cycle
114. Stage of pathogenesis that involves the transfer of the inoculum from a source
into the infection court
a. Penetration b. establishment c. infection d. inoculation
115. Openings in the epidermis by two specialized epidermal cells
a. Stomates
b. Hydathodes
c. Lenticels
d. Nectarines
116. Natural openings in the stem and root surface
a. States
b. Hydathodes
c. Lenticels
d. Nectarines
117. External secretory structure where water from the interior of the leaf is
discharged to the leaf surface
a. Stomates b. hydathodes c. lenticels d. nectarines
118. Which of the following methods primarily determines a biological property of a
plant virus?
a. Ease of inoculation
b. Shape and size of its particle
c. Positive reaction of certain strains
d. Positive reaction of certain hosts
119. A plant virus is not stable when
a. Its infectivity is retained even with harsh environments
b. It infects only one host
c. It has a vector
d. It has a wide host range
120. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the smaller/shorter species of proteins ad
nucleic acids
a. Occupy the upper (top) pat of the gel
b. Occupy the bottom part of the gel
c. Remain stationary
d. Occupies the middle part of the gel
121. Which of the following is true of non-persistent viruses
a. Infects and multiplies in specific tissues/cells of the host
b. Is transmitted by both aphids and leafhoppers
c. Its vectors loss the ability to transmit them after molting
d. Its vectors do not loss the ability to transmit the virus after molting
122. A plant infected with a virus and shows severe symptoms, high virus
concentration in it but shows no significant reduction in its yield is considered
a. Susceptible b. resistant c. tolerant d. semi-tolerant
123. In general, plants infected with persistent viruses show symptoms that are
mostly
a. Dwarfing/stunting and mosaics/mottles
b. Dwarfing/stunting and leaf curls/cupping
c. Dwarfing/stunting and yellowing/chlorosis
d. Dwarfing/stunting and leaf fall
124. Which of the following is true of non-persistent viruses?
a. Infects and multiplies in specific tissues/cells of the host
b. Is transmitted by both aphids and leafhoppers
c. Its vectors loss the ability to transmit them after molting
d. Its vectors do not loss the ability to transmit the virus after molting
125. Who among the scientists named below is considered the Father of Virology?
a. Berkeley
b. Beijeirinck
c. Newton
d. Galileo
126. The shape of the virus particle is a stable characteristic. Which of the following is
not a known shape of the plant viruses?
a. Fod b. spherical c. geminate or double spheres d. triangle
127. An example of a rod shaped plant virus is
a. Tobacco mosaic
b. Rice tungro
c. Banana bunchy top
d. Citrus tristeza virus
128. A virus is different from a viroid in that the viroid is composed of
a. Single stranded circular RNA and a protein coat
b. single stranded RNA alone with extensive base paring
c. single stranded DNA alone with extensive base paring
d. single stranded circular DNA and a protein coat
129. the pioneering experiments that laid the foundations of Virology as a discipline of
biology were those by
a. shepherd and co-workers
b. Stanley, Markham and Smith
c. Schramm, Frankail-Conrat and Williams
d. Mayer, Iwanowski and Beijerinck
130. The early works on plant diseases due to viruses were based on the simple fact
that they are
a. very infectious and cause mosaic/mottle symptoms
b. Very infectious and very small
c. Are transmitted by aphids
d. Associated with leafhoppers
131. The plant viruses have been labeled as genetic parasites in the they
a. Take over the genetic machinery of their host cells for their own reproduction
b. Allow continuous and uncontrolled division of their host cells
c. Take over the DNA of their host cells and package it as their own
d. Use the enzymes of the host for their assembly into particles
132. The most important group of vectors of plant viruses, both in terms of number of
the viruses they transmit and the economic importance of the diseases these viruses
cause is the
a. Hoppers b. whiteflies c. aphids d. beetles
133. A number of economically important virus diseases have been ravaging crops in
the Philippines. Which of the following is not a virus disease?
a. Rice tungro
b. Papaya ring spot
c. Abaca/banana bunchy top
d. Coconut cadang-cadang
134. Virus genome organization means the arrangement of the
a. Nucleic acid with its protein coat
b. Amino acids in all its coat proteins
c. Various genes along eh whole nucleic acid strand
d. Sugars with its coat protein
135. In plant viruses having a double stranded nucleic acid genomes, which of the
following is/are not true?
a. Strands are held together by hydrogen bonds
b. Strand are in opposite polarities
c. Thymine or uracyl pairs with adenine
d. Strands are held together by nitrogen bonds
136. Which of the following would contribute highly to a fast characterization of a plant
virus?
a. A virus with known physical properties in vitro
b. Transmitted only by certain species of a vector
c. Infects specialized cells of its host
d. Easily mechanically transmitted
137. The biological properties of a virus are reflected through infectivity assays. I this
type of assay//
a. Only purified viruses can be tested
b. Both purified and viruses in sap can be tested
c. Only infectious particles cause infections
d. Both infectious and non-infectious particles necessary for infection
138. Plant viruses with genomes, whether composed of one or more than one strands,
enclosed in a single coat protein is a
a. Helper virus
b. Dependent virus
c. Monocomponent virus
d. Satellite virus
139. Prom the site of inoculation, plant viruses spread through the plant in a slow cell-
to-cell spread through the
a. Stomata b. xylem c. plasmodesmata d. phloem
140. Which of the following is a barrier to virus movement through the plant
a. Movement from the first infected cell
b. Movement out of parenchyma cells into vascular tissues
c. Movement out of the vascular tissue into the parenchyma of an invaded leaf
d. Movement out of the stylet of the vector among epidermal cells of the plant
141. The survival and spread of certain plant viruses does not depend on
a. Amount of virus produced in infected tissues
b. Its degree of stability
c. Persistence in its vector
d. Non-persistence in its vector
142. Which virus would most likely survive?
a. Virus that kills its host plants with a rapidly developing systemic disease
b. A virus that causes only mild or moderate disease that allows the plant to survive And
reproduce effectively
c. A virus that will not infect and cause any disease
d. A virus not does not replicate in plants
143. Which of the following would not contribute to plant virus disease epidemics?
a. Presence of active and mobile vectors
b. Planting of susceptible hosts
c. Monocropping
d. Multicropping
144. Rouging as a virus disease control strategy is worthwhile or effective if disease
spread
a. Is occurring rapidly relative to the lifetime of the crop
b. Is occurring slowly relative to the lifetime of the crop
c. Is occurring simultaneously on several hosts
d. Is occurring at random
145. A seed infected with a virus is an important source of infection since the seed
introduces
a. The virus into the crop at a very early stage
b. A concentrated foci of infection throughout the crop
c. The virus into the crop at all stage of the crop
d. The virus into the crop at a late stage
146. When a virus preparation is treated with mild alkali (0.3 M NaOH), the following
biomolecules would be are expected to be cleaved….
a. Proteins b/ DNAs c. RNAs d. polysaccharides
147. A virus preparation which is not so pure (i.e. contains host components) when
used to immunize a rabbit, the rabbit will
a. Produce antibodies against the virus only
b. Produce antibodies of the host plant component only
c. Produce antibodies to both the virus and host component
d. Not produce any antibody
148. Which of the following is a form of susceptible response by the plant to a virus
infection?
a. Production of local lesions
b. Relatively fast appearance of severe symptoms
c. Slow virus multiplication and spread in it
d. Slow appearance of symptoms
149. Integrated Pest Management encourages the following
a. Combination of two or more control measures
b. Optimization of control methods
c. Utilization of natural mortality factors
d. All of the above
150. Refers to the ability to endure pest attack without suffering from significant loss of
yield
a. Tolerance b. antibiosis c. non-preference d. hypersensitive
151. Pest control method that includes tactics causing pests to contribute to the
destruction of their own species
a. Autocidal control
b. Biological control
c. Behavioral control
d. Genetic control
152. It is a type of host resistance where insects exhibit abnormal development when
they feed o resistant host
a. Non-preference
b. Tolerance
c. Antibiosis
d. Horizontal resistance
153. Refers to the control of pest by living organisms under either natural or artificial
circumstances
a. Cultural control
b. Biological control
c. Behavioral control
d. Autocidal control
154. Refers to pest whose population equilibrium is always above the economic
threshold level
a. Key pests
b. Occasional pests
c. Potential pests
d. Minor pests
155. Refers to the level of pest population or injury, which indicates potential danger
a. Economic threshold level
b. Economic injury level
c. Warning threshold level
d. Action threshold level
156. Principle of crop protection where the host is manipulated to resist pest attack
a. Protection b. host evasion c. immunization d. avoidance
157. Interaction between two organisms where both are adversely affected is called
a. Competition
b. Parasitism
c. Amensalism
d. None of the above
158. It is a phase in the sequential development of a crop protection (according to
Smith, 1969) which is characterized by serious pest outbreaks due to excessive use of
pesticides and finally the collapse of pest control program
a. Crisis Phase
b. Integrated Pest Control
c. Exploitation Phase
d. Disaster Phase
159. Which of the following is an autotroph
a. Weed b. plant pathogen c. insect pest d. parasite or predator
160. Which of these are density-independent mortality factors
a. Parasites
b. Predators
c. Food supply
d. Drought
161. A concoction of lime, copper, sulfate and water which had been accidentally
found to possess fungicidal activity
a. Lime sulfur
b. Bordeaux mixture
c. Copper fungicide
d. Paris green
162. The principle of pest exclusion means
a. Getting rid of a pest once it is introduce in an area
b. Killing pest inside host
c. Keeping pest away from the host
d. Shielding host from pest through physical or chemical means
163. It refers to the population or injury level of pest where a pest control method
should be initiated in order to prevent significant economic level
a. Economic injury level
b. Economic threshold level
c. Warning threshold level
d. Damage threshold level
164. The following attributes of modern agriculture aggravates pest and disease
problems
a. Continuous monoculture
b. Use of high yielding varieties (HYV’s)
c. Excessive use of chemical inputs
d. All of the above
165. Legal actions intended to exclude potential pest and to prevent spread of those
already present
a. Eradication b. containment c. suppression d. quarantine
166. Which of the following is not an insecticide
a. Endrin b. malathrin c. cypermethrin d. permethrin
167. Which of the following is a systemic fungicide
a. Metalaxyl
b. Captan
c. Mancozeb
d. Chlorothalonil
168. Which of the following crop is a heavy user of fungicide worldwide
a. Grape
b. Apple
c. Banana
d. Citrus

169. Which of these pesticide groups is excessively used in the Philippines


a. Fungicides
b. Insecticides
c. Herbicides
d. Nematicides
170. Effective physical pest control action
a. Bagging b. hand-picking c. herding d. flooding
171. It is a biological control product against pests
a. Katol b. dipel c. methyl Eugenol d. off
172. It is a biological control product against weed
a. Dipel b. gallex c. Kodiak d. devine
173. Which of the following is a contact herbicide
a. 2,4-D b. glyphosate c. Praquat d. Butachlor
174. Physical pest control method required to eliminate fruit flies on mango and
papaya for export to Japan
a. Hot Water Treatment
b. Vapor Heat Treatment
c. Refrigeration
d. UV radiation
175. Which of these pesticide groups is excessively used worldwide
a. Fungicide b. insecticide c. herbicide d. nematicides
176. Sustainable agriculture shall mean any method or practice that aims to make
agriculture
a. Economy viable
b. Ecologically sound
c. Socially just
d. All of the above
177. A phase in the development of crop protection which is characterized by the use
of traditional varieties and natural pest control methods.
a. Disaster phase
b. Crisis phase
c. Exploitation phase
d. Subsistent phase
178. A recommendation calls for 1 gm active ingredient (a.i) of metalaxyl per kg of
corn seeds. If Apron 50 SD (formulated product) contains 50% metalaxyl, how much
Apron 50 Sd is neede to treat 100 kg sweet corn seeds?
a. 200 g b. 20 g c. 100 g d. none of the above
179. If Sevin 50 WP is recommended for leafhopper control at the rate of 100gm
Sevin 50 WP per 100 li of water, what is the concentration or strength of the finished
spray in ppm
a. 100 b. 500 c. 1000 d. none of the above
180. Given the application rate of 100 gm Sevin 50 WP per 100 liter of water , what is
the concentration or strength of the finished spray in percent a.i.?
a. 0.01 b. 0.05 c. 0.10 d. 0.005
181. Given the application rate of 100 gm Sevin 50 WP per 100 liter water, what will
be the recommended rate of application in table spoon (tbs) per 16 liters of water?
a. 1.6 tbs b. 16 tbs c. 3 tbs d. 6 tbs
182. The interaction between two organisms where one part is benefited while the
other is adversely affected is called.
a. Competition
b. Parasitism
c. Amensalism
d. None of the above
183. A type of cultural practice which tend to reduce both the initial pest population or
sources of infestation and reproductive ability of the pests.
a. Crop rotation
b. pruning
c. tillage
d. none of the above
184. The principle of immunization is achieved through
a. Providing chemical or physical barrier
b. Application of pesticides
c. Improving the nutrition of the host
d. None of the above
185. The discovery of DDT is considered as one of the major events in the history of
crop protection. When was DDT discovered?
a. 1959 b. 1937 c. 1935 d. 1939
186. It is considered as pest of quarantine interest in Palawan
a. Mango seed weevil
b. Mango pulp weevil
c. mango weevil
d. asiatic palm weev
187. the shape of majority of plant pathogenic bacteria
a. spherical b. rod-shape c. helical d. filamentous
188. developed the substage condenser for the microscope
a. Leeuwenhoek b. Pastuer c. Abbe d. Hooke
189. Showed that fire blight of pear and twig of apple were caused by a bacterium
a. Erwin Frank Smith b. Demetri Iwanowski
c. Martinus Willem d, Thomas Jonathan Burril
190. Main means of reproduction of bacteria
a. Buddin
b. Spore information
c. Binary fission
d. Transverse fisson
191. Filamentous bacteria
a. Bacillus b. Clostridium c. Streptomyces d. Erwinia
192. Bacteria devoid of cell wall
a. Mollicutes
b. Gracilicutes
c. Firmicutes
d. Mendosicutes
193. The building blocks of proteins
a. fatty acids
b. peptides
c. nucleic acid
d. amino acids
194. the building blocks of polysaccharides
a. disaccharides
b. glucose
c. monosaccharides
d. carbohydrates
195. metabolic pathway the converts glucose to pyruvate
a. glycolysis
b. gluconeogenesis
c. hydrolysis
d. photosynthesis
196. also called the Citric Acid Cycle
a. ketoglutaric acid cycle
b. fumaric acid cycle
c. tricarboxylic acid cycle
d. succinic acid cycle
197. A microbial product other than an enzyme which causes obvious damage to plant
tissues, and which is known with reasonable confidence to be involved in disease
development
a. Phytoalexin
b. Phytotoxin
c. Cutin
d. Suberin
198. Clustering of roots, flower, fruits or twigs around a common fucos
a. Hypertrophy
b. Epinasty
c. Hyperplasia
d. Fasciation
199. A plant overgrowth due to abnormal cell enlargement
a. Hypertrophy
b. Epinasty
c. Hyperplasia
d. Fasciation
200. A plant overgrowth due to increased cell division
a. Hypertrophy
b. Epinasty
c. Hyperplasia
d. fasciation

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