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Let’s play a game – making ice

cream!

- What’s the difference between these two trials?

Why study chemistry?

Chemistry can help change the world!

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What has chemistry ever done for you?

- List a few examples of each based on the video/ your experience.

Chemistry of life

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What chemical properties are included

in the ice cream experiment?

• States of matter
• Changes of states
• Melting point
• Freezing

Chemistry Glossary
• Prepare a glossary notebook
• Three columns needed

Term Meaning Roots (meanings)

Endothermic Reaction that absorbs heat. En (out), therm (heat)
… … …

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The states of matter

• Typical example: water

Zoom in each state:

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The states of matter - work in groups

The States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

Properties Fixed shape/ No fixed shape (can be

pattern poured)

Rigid Not rigid (random)

Tightly packed Particles held together

weakly

Fixed volume Fixed volume (cannot be

(cannot be compressed)
compressed)

Two points to think about

• Do particles expand when object is

heated?
• Do particles start to vibrate or move
when they are subjected to heat?

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What happens when matter changes

state?
• All made up of hydrogen and oxygen
• Why are they so different?

Change of states – Particle theory

• Melting
• Freezing
• Evaporation/vaporization
• Condensation

• Extra: What about gasoline?

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Particle theory – energy transfer

• Direction of the heat/energy?

Melting

Freezing

Particle theory – energy transfer

• What about condensation and evaporation?

Evaporation

Condensation

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Particle theory – energy transfer

• Endothermic: heat goes in

• Exothermic: heat goes out

Diffusion
• Particle net movement from
• A region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Time

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In which particle model(s) would the red dye diffuse the

fastest? Arrange the pictures in order of rate of diffusion.

Start with the slowest first.

A C D
Water
particle

F B E

Arrange the particle pictures in order of diffusion

rate.
No diffusion Rate of diffusion of the red dye Fastest
B
C A E F

1. Using the diagrams, state two factors that affect the rate of diffusion?
2. Why is diffusion not possible in solids?
3. Explain the effect of each factor from Q1 on the rate of diffusion using your
knowledge of the particle model.

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Diffusion – discussion
• Does matter diffuse in all three states？Why or why not?

• Which diffuses in a faster rate? Why?

Particle theory – gas pressure

• Question:
a) Tires are easier to blow
out in summer. Why?
b) Does air have weight?

• Composition of air
• Nitrogen – 78%
• Oxygen – 21%
• Argon 0.93%
• Carbon Dioxide – 0.04%
• Other gases

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Gas Pressure
• The particles in a gas move quickly in all directions, but they do not
get far before they bump into each other or the walls of their
container. When gas particles hit the walls of their container, they
cause pressure.
•
• What happens if temperature increases?

Particles in a gas colliding with their container wall.

Matter – Pure substances and

mixtures

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Pure Substances VS Mixture

• Pure substances: constant composition (could be compounds or
elements)
• Mixtures: a combination of different pure substances

Evaluate pure substance and

mixture

• Solution
• Solvent
• Solute
• Saturated solution
• Suspension

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Methods of Separation
Separation

• Physical/ mechanical separation (separation of mixtures):

• Filtration
• Evaporation
• Simple distillation
• Paper chromatography
• Centrifugation (density)

• Chemical separation (separation of pure substances):

• Electrolysis

Filtration
• The physical separation of a mixture based on the size of the
particles in that mixture.

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Chromatography
• Chromatography is a method used to separate the different
components in a liquid mixture.
• The components move at different rates.
• Applied when separating colours in dyes or inks.

Evaporation

Boling a pot of water? How do the particles move?

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Distillation

• The process of separating

a mixture of two or more
liquids (possibly solid and
liquid) based on the
boiling points of the
liquids in the mixture.

Matters – Elements, atoms and

compounds

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