CBSE Class 12 Magnetic Moment Formula

Magnetic Moment Formula

Darshana Naik May 27th, 2018

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Magnetic Moment is an extremely important topic in the JEE MAIN JEE ADVANCED
syllabus of Physics in JEE Advanced. The magnetic moment
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of a magnet can be defined as the quantity that finds the
force a magnet is able to exert on electric currents and the AP EAMCET WBJEE
torque that the magnetic field will exert on it. Magnetic
moments can be demonstrated by a lot of things such as a EXAMS STUDY HACKER

loop of electric current, an electron, a bar magnet, a

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molecule or a planet. In this article, find all about the
magnetic moment formula. CBSE INSPIRATION

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Magnetic moment can be basically explained as a vector
that has magnitude as well as a direction. The direction of STUDY PLAN

the magnetic moment points from the south to the North

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Pole of a magnet. Please note that the magnetic field
created by a magnet is directly proportional to its magnetic CLASS 8 CLASS 10
moment. The term magnetic moment is about the system’s
CLASS 11 CLASS 12
magnetic dipole moment. The dipole component of an
object’s magnetic field is symmetric about the direction of
its magnetic dipole moment and decreases as the inverse
cube of the distance from the object.
Magnetic moment is also known as a magnetic dipole
moment and its positive direction is dependent on the way
an object reacts to the magnetic field. Objects tend to place
themselves in such a way that the magnetic moment vector
then becomes parallel to the magnetic field lines. Magnetic
moment can be produced in two ways:

The Motion of Electric Charge

Spin Angular Momentum

For instance, a loop of wire that has a current running Get Last 10 Years of
through would be having a magnetic moment, which is Question Paper for
proportional to the current and also the area of the loop
points in the direction of your right thumb if your fingers
any Board and
are curling in the direction of the current. Read on to find Exams
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out more magnetic moment formula.
Papers and NCERT Solutions

Magnetic Dipoles SIGNUP

A magnetic dipole primarily decided the limit of either a

current loop or a pair of poles as the dimensions of the
source get reduced to zero, while the moment is kept as
constant. When these limits get applied to fields that are far
away from sources, they remain the same. But note that
these two models are quite different for the internal field.
Magnetic dipole moment in physics for IIT JEE is quite an
important topic for all the JEE applicants as it makes the
foundation for various other topics strong.

When we consider a magnetic dipole as a current loop, the

magnitude of the dipole moment is proportional to the
current multiplied by the size of the enclosed area. The
direction of the dipole moment can also be represented
mathematically as a vector and is perpendicularly away
from the side of the surface enclosed by the
counterclockwise path of positive charge flow.
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When we consider the current loop to be a tiny magnet, this path based on
vector corresponds to the direction from the south to the adaptive algorithm
North Pole. Dipoles manage to align themselves so that At Toppr, students are at the
their moments point largely in the direction of the external centre of our universe.
magnetic field when they are free to rotate. Nuclear and
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electron magnetic moments can be quantified and that
implies that they may be oriented in space at only certain
discrete angles with respect to the direction of the external
field.

Magnetic dipole moments have dimensions of current

time’s area or energy divided by magnetic flux density. The
exact unit for dipole moment is ampere-square metre when
it comes to the metre–kilogram– second–ampere and SI
systems. But when it comes to the centimetre–gram–second
electromagnetic system, the unit is the erg (unit of energy)
per gauss (unit of magnetic flux density). Around one
thousand ergs per gauss are equal to one ampere-square
metre. The Bohr magneton (equivalent to 9.27 × 10−24
ampere–square metre) is quite a fitting unit for the
magnetic dipole moment of electrons. A similar unit for
magnetic moments of nuclei, protons, and neutrons is the
nuclear magneton (equivalent to 5.051 × 10−27 ampere–
square metre).
Get NCERT
Solutions for Class
External Magnetic Field produced by a 5 to Class 12
Magnetic Dipole Moment  Access NCERT Solutions and last
10 years of Question Papers

If there’s a system that includes a net magnetic dipole

moment m, then it produces a dipolar magnetic field. SIGNUP
However, the net magnetic field created by the system may
display comparatively higher-order multipole components.
But it’s interesting to know that they fall out quite rapidly
with distance and in the end, just the dipolar component
dominates the magnetic field of the system at distances far
away from it.

Internal Magnetic Field of a Dipole

It’s important to know that both the models for a dipole
provide the same result for the magnetic field far from the
source. However, all the predictions, which happen inside
the source region, are different. The magnetic field between
poles is in the opposite direction to the magnetic moment.

Magnetic Moment Formula: Calculation for

a Bar Magnet
(a) If a magnet of length l and magnetic moment M gets
bent in the form of a semicircular, then its new magnetic
moment will be M’ = 2M/π

(b) The magnetic moment of a given electron because of its

orbital motion is 1μB. But due to its spin motion, it will
be μB /2.

i.e. Morbital = 

and Mspin = s 

Here μB = Bohr magneton

(i) The value of Bohr magneton μB = eh / 4πm

(ii) μB = 0.93 × 10–23 Amp-m2

(c) Other formulae for magnetic moments:

(i) M = ni r2

(ii) M = eVr/2 = er2ω/2 = er22πf/2 = er2π/T

(iii) e/mJ

(iv) M = nωB

(d) How can we calculate resultant magnetic moment? 

(i) When two bar magnets are lying mutually perpendicular
to each other, then

M = √M12 + M22 = √2mpl

(ii) When two coils with a radius of r and carrying current I

each, are lying concentrically with their planes at right
angles to each other, then

M = √M12 + M22 = √2iπr2 if M1 = M2

Illustration: A square loop OABCO of side l carries a

current i. Now, find the magnetic moment of the loop.

Solution: Magnetic moment of the loop can be written as,

M = i (BC x CO), where the letters in bold denote the vectors

BC = -lk

This was our article on magnetic moment formula. For

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1 Comment Sort by Top

Add a comment...

Radhe Patil
Can't you give simpler one like root of n(n+2)B.M
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