Consecutive crossties shall have

90 degree hooks on opposite sides

of column

xxi i
hx = max. value of xi on
all column faces
xi

xi xi xi
xi from centerline to centerline of legs
shall not exceed 14 in.

Figure 29-10 Transverse Reinforcement in Columns

Reinforcement not
shown for clarity

Shearwall

Development length of
largest longitudinal column
bar*

Confinement reinforcement
(as specified in 21.6.4.2 through
Footing 21.6.4.4) to be provided over full
or mat
height of column

≥ 12 in.* *including
transverse reinforcement

Figure 29-11 Columns Supporting Discontinued Stiff Members

29-28
 Effective
joint width  b + h
 b + 2x
Effective area
Joint depth = h
in plane of
reinforcement
generating shear

Note: Effective area of joint for forces in

x each direction of framing is to be
Reinforcement considered separately.
generating shear h Joint illustrated does not meet
conditions of 21.7.3.2 and
b 21.7.4.1 necessary to be considered
Direction of forces confined because the framing
generating shear members do not cover at least 3/4 of
each of the joint faces.

x = the smaller distance from the side of the

beam to the column edge

Figure 29-13 Effective Area of Joint (Aj)

29-32
 Pu

Pu /A g

Mu !w
×
lg 2

Pu Mu !‘w
+ × ≥ 0.2fc'
A g lg 2
Boundary elements required Special boundary elements
Special boundary element transverse may be discontinued where
reinforcement per 21.9.6.4 the calculated compressive
strength < 0.15 f'c

c
Mu ⎧ c - 0.1!w
larger of ⎨
⎩c / 2

!‘w

Figure 29-23 Special Boundary Element Requirements per 21.9.6.3 (NTS)

A sh ≥ 0.09sbc fc' / fyt

min. member dimension/ 3

spacing =lesser of 6d b
s
 o

 14 − hx 
6" ≥ s o = 4 +   ≥ 4"
 3 

hx is defined in Fig. R21.6.4.2

Reinforcement ratio ≥ 0.0025

Maximum spacing = 18 in.

6db, 3" min.

6db, 3" min. 6db

Fig. 29-24 Reinforcement Details for Special Boundary Elements

29-46
 Column or boundary element
of special reinforced concrete
structural wall
h Longitudinal reinforcement fully
≤ developed for tension (21.12.2.1)
2
Top reinforcement to resist
tension uplift forces ≥ minimum
reinforcement per 10.5 (21.12.2.4)

⎫ Footing, mat, or pile cap

⎪ (reinforcement not shown for clarity)

⎪⎪ Transverse reinforcement per 21.6.4.2

⎬ through 21.6.4.4. The reinforcement must
extend into the footing, mat, or pile cap
⎪
h
and must be developed for fy in tension
⎪ (21.12.2.3)

⎪⎭

90° hooks with free end of bar oriented

towards center of column for fixed-end
condition (21.12.2.2)

Figure 29-25 Reinforcement Details for Footings, Mats, and Pile Caps per 21.12.2

29-50
 1' - 10"

Minimum 4 - No. 8
4" 1' - 0"
12db = 12"

1"
2

2' - 0"
12db = 10

1" 1"
3 9
2 2

4 - No. 7

Figure 29-27 Detail of Flexural Reinforcement Anchorage at Exterior Column

29-59