LOZADA, JANE FLORENCE T.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Baldecanas, Theoneff

Bautista, Denisse Ayna

Cabe, Apple Joy

Flores, Nikki

Limos, Anna Marie

Rabanillo, Cedrick

Date Performed: August 15, 2019

Date Submitted: August, 29, 2019

ABSTRACT

In this experiment, the learners were able to identify the different types of chemical reactions. Chemical
reactions must be distinguished from physical changes. Physical changes include changes of state, such as water
evaporating to vapor. If a physical change occurs, the physical properties of a substance will change, but its
chemical identity will remain the same. No matter what its physical state, water (H2O) is the same compound,
with each molecule composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. However, if water, as ice,
liquid, or vapour, encounters sodium metal (Na), the atoms will be redistributed to give the new substances
molecular hydrogen (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).

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INTRODUCTION

A chemical reaction is a process in which some substances change into different substances. Substances
that start a chemical reaction are called reactants. Substances that are produced in the reaction are
called products. Reactants and products can be elements or compounds. Chemical reactions can be classified
by type. Combination reactions (also called composition reactions) make a substance from other
substances. Decomposition reactions break one substance down into multiple substances. Combustion
reactionscombine molecular oxygen with the atoms of another reactant. Oxidation reactions are reactions in
which an atom loses an electron. Reduction reactionsare reactions in which an atom gains an electron. These
two processes always occur together, so they are collectively referred to as oxidation-
reduction (or redox) reactions. The species being oxidized it called the reducing agent, while the species being
reduced is the oxidizing agent. Alternate definitions of oxidation and reduction focus on the gain or loss of
oxygen atoms, or the loss or gain of hydrogen atoms. Redox reactions are easily balanced if the overall reaction
is first separated into half reactions, which are individually balanced.

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MATERIALS/REAGENTS

- Alcohol lamp - Crucible tong

- Spatula - Test tube holder
- Beaker (250 mL) - Evaporating dish
- Test tube - Test tube brush
- Sun glasses - Hot plate
- Test tube rack - Mg ribbon
- Measuring pipette - Fe nails
- Red and blue litmus paper - Copper wire
- NaCl soution

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METHODOLOGY

A. Change in Color
Using a crucible tong, the learners hold the end of a Mg ribbon, they ignite the other side. The
learners briefly observed the flame through sunglasses and collected the ash on the evaporating dish and
placed the ignited Mg ribbon on the evaporating dish and added 3 mL of distilled water and placed the red
and blue litmus paper and lastly, recorded the changes of the litmus paper.
B. Evolution of Gas
B.1
 First, the learners placed a small piece of Fe nail on a clean and dry test tube and observed the
color of the Fe nail. The learners added 1 mL of dilute HCl and observed again the presence of bubbles and
the color of the product
B.2
The learners placed a small piece of Copper wire on a clean and dry test tube and added 1 mL of
dilute HCl. The presence of the bubbles was observed.
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Burning of Magnesium ribbon

Before ignition

Material Physical Appearance

Mg ribbon Solid gray

After Ignition

Material Physical Appearance Color of flame (upon ignition)

Mg ribbon (ash) Fine grayish color white

Material Red litmus paper Blue litmus paper

Mg ribbon (ash) Litmus paper becomes blue Litmus paper becomes blue

Chemical Reaction :

B. Evolution of Gas

Mixture Initial color Final color Observation

 A small piece of Fe nail + Light green Gray When HCl and Fe nail
1 mL dil. HCl combines it boils and
turns to light green
together with a
bubbles

A small piece of Copper No reaction No reaction Nothing happens

wire + 1 mL dil. HCl

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the learners were able to identify different types of chemical reactions and were able to
write chemical equations based on the given chemical reactions. Obviously, there were a chemical reaction that
happens in this study where in when HCl and Fe nail combines it boils and turns to light green together with a
bubbles.

REFERENCE

https://betterlesson.com › lesson › introduction-to-chemical-reactions

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_The_Basics_of_GO
B_Chemistry_(Ball_et_al.)/05%3A_Introduction_to_Chemical_Reactions/5.S%3A_Introduction_to_Ch
emical_Reactions_(Summary)