LOZADA, JANE FLORENCE T.

AROMATIC COMPOUND

Baldecanas, Theoneff

Bautista, Denisse Ayna

Cabe, Apple Joy

Flores, Nikki

Limos, Anna Marie

Rabanillo, Cedrick

Date Performed: September 26, 2019

Date Submitted: October 11, 2019

ABSTRACT

The aromatic compounds in this test had a positive outcome which relates to having a immiscible result
for solubility and that is one of the property of aromatic compound, also another property of this produces
strong kind of odor or the benzene which smells like gasoline because it's a by-product of oil-refining process.
Benzene and xylene are denser in water since they both aromatic compound having high molecular mass
because the presence of hydrogen bond molecule in water take up less space and more compact compared to
aromatic become less denser. The learners performed test of physical property for benzene and xylene with the
same outcome except of the odor. For the ignition test both produced yellow-orange color of the flame with
same color of the soot which is black. Lastly the oxidation test conducted resulted in different outcome for
benzene that formed two layers without changes in the color while the xylene produced bubbles. Therefore,
the test for benzene and xylene resulted almost the same except of physical property (odor) and oxidation that
only positive for xylene but in ignition test, resulted the same.

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INTRODUCTION
 The aromatic compounds are also known as arenes. Most of the aromatic compounds contain benzene.
The benzene is an unsaturated structure. There are certain aromatic compounds as well which do not contain
benzene. The compounds which contain a benzene ring are known aromatic compounds and the aromatic
compounds which do not contain a benzene ring are called non-benzenoids. The word ‘aromatic compounds‘
began to be used to describe compounds with carbon and also having distinct odours. Since toluene and
benzene have sweet smells, some compounds which are formed primarily of carbon and hydrogen are called
aromatic hydrocarbons. As such, the aromatic compounds are quite stable and unsaturated.

Physical Properties of Aromatic compounds

Aromatic compounds are non-polar, most often they are colorless solids or liquids with a specific aroma. These
aromatic compounds are non-soluble in water but dissolve readily in organic solvents. Since they have a high
carbon content, therefore they burn with a sooty flame.

Chemical Properties of Aromatic Compounds

The arenes readily undergo electrophilic substitution reactions. They also undergo addition and oxidation
reactions under special conditions. Talking of electrophilic substitutions, arenes undergo nitration,
halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation, acylation, and sulphonation.

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MATERIALS/REAGENTS

- Test tubes - Evaporating dish

- Test tube racks - Pipette
- Benzene - Xylene
- Toluene - Sulfuric acid
- Nitric acid - KMnO4

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METHODOLOGY

Test for Physical Properties

 On each test tubes, the learners placed a 10 drops of benzene, xylene and toluene. After that, the
learners observed the following physical properties of the following samples: (color, odor, physical state,
solubility in water and density of water.) and recorded it.

Test for Chemical Properties

Ignition Test

On each evaporating dish, the learners placed a 5 drops of benzene, xylene and toluene then ignited and
light with a match. After that, the learners observed the color of the flame and color of the soot or smoke.

Oxidation

On each test tube, the learners placed a 10 drops of benzene, xylene and toluene then added 10 drops
of 2%KMnO4. The learners water bath it for 10 minutes and observed the color change and the formation of
precipitate.

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DATA AND RESULTS

Table 1: Test for Physical Properties

Density in Solubility in
Reagents Physical States Color Odor
water water

Gasoline-like
Benzene Liquid Clear Less dense immiscible
odor

Strong-sweet
Xylene Liquid clear Less dense immiscible
odor

In this table, it shows that benzene is liquid, its color is clear, gasoline-like odor while xylene has a strong-
sweet odor. Both benzene and xylene are less dense in water and immiscible in water.

Test for Chemical Properties

Table 2: Ignition Test

Reagents Color of Flame Color of soot

 Benzene Yellow-orange Black

Xylene Yellow-orange Black

In this table, it shows that both benzene and xylene are yellow-orange in color and black is the color of
the soot during ignition test.

Table 3: Oxidation test

Reagents Observation Remarks

Benzene Formed two layers but the color

Negative
does not change

Xylene Formation of bubble is visible

Positive
together its precipitation

In this table, it shows that benzene formed two layers while xylene formed a bubbles with precipitation.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the learners concluded that Benzene is a clear, colorless, volatile, highly flammable liquid
with a characteristic sickly, sweet odor. It is chemically characterized by six carbon atoms linked in a planar
symmetrical hexagon (equal C-C bond lengths) with each carbon atom attached to a hydrogen atom. Therefore,
the test for benzene and xylene resulted almost the same except of physical property (odor) and oxidation that
only positive for xylene but in ignition test, resulted the same.

REFERENCE

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/properties-of-aromatic-compounds/

https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/chemistry/organic-chemistry-ii/aromatic-
compounds/introduction-to-aromatic-compounds