SCIENCE 8 ( MONTHLY 2ND QUARTER)
HEAT AND TEMPERATURE
 A hot object will have more kinetic energy
which means faster moving particles.
 A cold object will have less kinetic energy which
means slower moving particles.
HEAT – the thermal energy being transferred from one
object to another due to the temperature difference.
- Travels from the object with higher
temperature to the object with lower
temperature.
- Commonly referred to as internal energy.
INTERNAL ENERGY – grand total of all the energies in an
object.
 Once heat energy touches the object, it is
converted into internal energy.
 Internal energy is directly proportional to the
temperature.
 The higher the temperature, the greater the
internal energy
HEAT – measured by calorimeter
Units of heat: calorie and joule
Symbol : Q
TEMPERATURE- measure of the degree of hotness and
coldness of abody.
- Average kinetic energy of the molecules in the
body.
- Measured by a thermometer
- Units: °C (degree Celsius or centigrade)
°F ( degree farenheit)
K ( kelvin)
- Symbol: T
a. Clinical – body temperature
b. Wall – air temperature
c. Laboratory- temperature of hot or cold water
and soil
HEAT CAPACITY ( Q ) – is the amount of heat needed
raise the temperature of a body by 1°C or 1 kelvin.
Q = MC∆T
Where: m = mass in g or kg.
𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
C = specific heat of a substance in 𝑔.°𝐶 or 𝑔.°𝐶
∆T = change in temperature
∆T = Tf – Ti
𝑸 = heat capacity or amount of heat absorbed
or lost in calorie or joule.
OHM’ s LAW
- Explains the relationship between voltage,
current and resistance.
- Used by electricians, automotive, technicians
stereo installers.
VOLTAGE - push or pressure behind current flow
through a circuit and is measured in volts (V).
CURRENT – quantity or volume of electrical flow.
Measured in Amps (A)
RESISTANCE – flow of the current. Measured by ohms.
ALESSANDRO VOLTA – developed the first electric cell
- Introduced the unit of volt
ANDRE MARIE AMPERE – discovered electromagnetism
- Introduced the unit of ampere.
GEORG SIMON OHM – invented electrochemical
- Discovered the relationship of Ohm’s law
ELECTRICITY- form of energy. It is the flow of electrons.
- basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely
used form of energy.
Electric circuit- provides a complete closed path for
electricity.
TYPES OF CIRCUIT
CLOSED CIRCUIT- has a complete path and good
continuity of current flow.
OPEN CIRCUIT- one where the continuity of the current
flow has been broken by an interruption.
SERIES CIRCUIT- circuit in which the same current flows
through all component.
PARALLEL CIRCUIT- circuit in which the components are
arranged so that the current must break up before
meeting anf combining again
SHORT CIRCUIT- low resistance connection between
two conductors supplying power to any circuit.