How to Play Laro ng Lahi or Traditional Filipino Games!

Do the names of these traditional Filipino games: tumbang preso, patintero, piko and langit-lupa,
ring a bell? If you were born after 1995, chances are…not really. Maybe you were still a baby or
toddler when these games were at the height of popularity, played by (almost) every kid outside
on the streets. Laro ng lahi or traditional games are important because they keep the cultural
values of our ancestors alive.
It teaches kids how to cooperate, strategize, and make friends with neighbors within five
minutes. It also encourages them to appreciate the outdoors, whether it be under the clear blue
skies and grassy fields or under the dimly-lit street lights, preferably in an area without traffic.
Twenty years ago, we had no smartphones and mostly relied on bulky computers and first
generation consoles. We had a few entertaining portable devices—such as the Tamagotchi and
Nintendo Gameboy Color—to entertain ourselves with. No DoTA, no Mobile Legends, none of
the games we can easily pick up and play on-the-go with multiple friends. It’s easy to guess
why laro ng lahi was part of our everyday lives; we all came running to the playground to enjoy
good ol’ fashioned fun, come recess or dismissal time.
So here’s a rundown of these native games so you can learn more about laro ng lahi and
hopefully pass it down to the next gen.
Tumbang Preso
Tumbang preso translates to “knock the prisoner down.” To play, a tin can is set upright on the
ground inside a drawn circle. The goal is to knock down the can. The person tagged “it”
or taya is required to protect the can from the others. When the can is knocked down, it’s the
only time the others can retrieve their thrown slippers and be granted immunity. Being tagged ‘it’
keeps someone in the circle until the next prisoner.
Piko

AKA hopscotch. The game is simple and although more popular with the girls, boys like to play
it too because you need jumping skills and lots of coordination. Using chalk, lines of boxes and
numbers are drawn and all you have to do is hop across without stepping on the lines. The player
uses a small marker or puck—mine was usually a Hello Kitty wallet or some stone—the player
throws it and has to make sure it lands inside box number 1, then 2, and so on. You have hop
across to box 10 while skipping across that box, then retrieve your puck as you head back.
Langit Lupa
Another game that centers on tagging people who will become ‘it’! The game divides players
into two zones just as the name suggests: heaven and earth. Here’s the usual chant while players
point at each other during each syllable:
“Langit, lupa, impyerno. Im-im-impyerno.
Saksak puso, tulo ang dugo.
Patay, buhay,
Alis ka na diyan!”
The last syllable determines who’s “it.” The kids then scramble to find higher ground (trees,
tables, whatnot) as earthlings cannot tag someone who’s in ‘heaven’. The catch: players can only
stay “in heaven” for 10 seconds. They’ll need to go down to “earth” so the “it” can run and tag
the next “it.” Fun!
Palo Sebo
The local version of the Spanish ‘greasy pole’, palo sebo is usually played during a fiesta or
town event. All you need to do is reach the top of the greasy bamboo poles and retrieve a small
bag at the top, usually containing money or small toys! You’d be surprised at how many children
have zero fear of heights and are able to do this easily.
Patintero
As the most widely played native game in the Philippines, patintero is well-loved by most
communities. After a coin flip or quick round of jack en poy to determine the tagged ones or ‘it’,
the objective is to pass a series of parallel lines and perpendicular lines. With two teams
consisting of five players each.
The playing field (drawn with chalk) has a boxy shape, divided into three parts with a center wall
going across it. Should you get tagged, you wait on the sidelines until the next round comes.
Sound complicated? It’s anything but—you only need to be watchful and fast!
Sipa
Literally translated into “kick”, playing sipa is a cool way to pass the time for both boys and
girls. All you need is a small rattan ball and yourself. Boys kick the ball in front and girls kick
behind the body, and try to keep it the air—amazingly, skilled players can do both. Filipinos
don’t usually play this as a team sport although some sports committees in Indonesia and
Malaysia are trying to make it one.
We hope you enjoyed a trip down memory lane and maybe, just maybe, revive these native
games or modify it when playing with your family and neighbors! While laro ng lahi reconnects
us with our Pinoy roots, the most important thing is to have fun, no matter your age. Anyone,
kids or kids-at-heart can play. Try these out and let us know what you think in the comments!

INVASION GAMES
Teams score when they move an implement into the opposing
g team’s zone and successfully attack that team’s goal or target area. Tactical problems related to
invasion games include maintaining possession, attacking and/or defending a goal, winning the ball,
etc. Examples of invasion games include soccer, basketball, football, rugby and hockey.

Basketball
The Rules
Basketball is a team sport. Two teams of five players each try to score by shooting a ball through a hoop
elevated 10 feet above the ground. The game is played on a rectangular floor called the court, and there is
a hoop at each end. The court is divided into two main sections by the mid-court line. If the offensive
team puts the ball into play behind the mid-court line, it has ten seconds to get the ball over the mid-court
line. If it doesn't, then the defense gets the ball. Once the offensive team gets the ball over the mid-court
line, it can no longer have possession of the ball in the area in back of the line. If it does, the defense is
awarded the ball.

Basketball Court 1

The ball is moved down the court toward the basket by passing or dribbling. The team with the ball is
called the offense. The team without the ball is called the defense. They try to steal the ball, contest shots,
steal and deflect passes, and garner rebounds.

When a team makes a basket, they score two points and the ball goes to the other team. If a basket, or
field goal, is made outside of the three-point arc, then that basket is worth three points. A free throw is
worth one point. Free throws are awarded to a team according to some formats involving the number of
fouls committed in a half and/or the type of foul committed. Fouling a shooter always results in two or
three free throws being awarded the shooter, depending upon where he was when he shot. If he was
beyond the three-point line, then he gets three shots. Other types of fouls do not result in free throws
being awarded until a certain number have accumulated during a half. Once that number is reached, then
the player who was fouled is awarded a '1-and-1' opportunity. If he makes his first free throw, he gets to
attempt a second. If he misses the first shot, the ball is live on the rebound.

Each game is divided into sections. All levels have two halves. In college, each half is twenty minutes
 long. In high school and below, the halves are divided into eight (and sometimes, six) minute quarters. In
the pros, quarters are twelve minutes long. There is a gap of several minutes between halves. Gaps
between quarters are relatively short. If the score is tied at the end of regulation, then overtime periods of
various lengths are played until a winner emerges.

Each team is assigned a basket or goal to defend. This means that the other basket is their scoring basket.
At halftime, the teams switch goals. The game begins with one player from either team at center court. A
referee will toss the ball up between the two. The player that gets his hands on the ball will tip it to a
teammate. This is called a tip-off. In addition to stealing the ball from an opposing player, there are other
ways for a team to get the ball.

One such way is if the other team commits a foul or violation.

Fouls and Violations

FOULS

Recommended Resources for Youth Coaches

• Coaching Youth Basketball Successfully

• 60+ Youth Basketball Drills
• Simple Offense for Youth Basketball

Personal fouls: Personal fouls include any type of illegal physical contact.

 Hitting
 Pushing
 Slapping
 Holding
 Illegal pick/screen -- when an offensive player is moving. When an offensive player sticks out a limb and
makes physical contact with a defender in an attempt to block the path of the defender.

Personal foul penalties: If a player is shooting while a being fouled, then he gets two free throws if his
shot doesn't go in, but only one free throw if his shot does go in.

 Three free throws are awarded if the player is fouled while shooting for a three-point goal and they miss
their shot. If a player is fouled while shooting a three-point shot and makes it anyway, he is awarded one
free throw. Thus, he could score four points on the play.

 Inbounds. If fouled while not shooting, the ball is given to the team the foul was committed upon. They
get the ball at the nearest side or baseline, out of bounds, and have 5 seconds to pass the ball onto the
court.
 One & one. If the team committing the foul has seven or more fouls in the game, then the player who was
fouled is awarded one free throw. If he makes his first shot, then he is awarded another free throw.

 Ten or more fouls. If the team committing the foul has ten or more fouls, then the fouled player receives
two free throws.

Charging. An offensive foul that is committed when a player pushes or runs over a defensive player. The
ball is given to the team that the foul was committed upon.

Blocking. Blocking is illegal personal contact resulting from a defender not establishing position in time
to prevent an opponent's drive to the basket.

Flagrant foul. Violent contact with an opponent. This includes hitting, kicking, and punching. This type
of foul results in free throws plus the offense retaining possession of the ball after the free throws.
Intentional foul. When a player makes physical contact with another player with no reasonable effort to
steal the ball. It is a judgment call for the officials.
Technical foul. Technical foul. A player or a coach can commit this type of foul. It does not involve
player contact or the ball but is instead about the 'manners' of the game. Foul language, obscenity,
obscene gestures, and even arguing can be considered a technical foul, as can technical details regarding
filling in the scorebook improperly or dunking during warm-ups.
VIOLATIONS

Walking/Traveling. Taking more than 'a step and a half' without dribbling the ball is traveling. Moving
your pivot foot once you've stopped dribbling is traveling.
Carrying/palming. When a player dribbles the ball with his hand too far to the side of or, sometimes,
even under the ball.
Double Dribble. Dribbling the ball with both hands on the ball at the same time or picking up the dribble
and then dribbling again is a double dribble.
Held ball. Occasionally, two or more opposing players will gain possession of the ball at the same time.
In order to avoid a prolonged and/or violent tussle, the referee stops the action and awards the ball to one
team or the other on a rotating basis.
Goaltending. If a defensive player interferes with a shot while it's on the way down toward the basket,
while it's on the way up toward the basket after having touched the backboard, or while it's in the cylinder
above the rim, it's goaltending and the shot counts. If committed by an offensive player, it's a violation
and the ball is awarded to the opposing team for a throw-in.
Backcourt violation. Once the offense has brought the ball across the mid-court line, they cannot go back
across the line during possession. If they do, the ball is awarded to the other team to pass inbounds.
Time restrictions. A player passing the ball inbounds has five seconds to pass the ball. If he does not,
then the ball is awarded to the other team. Other time restrictions include the rule that a player cannot
have the ball for more than five seconds when being closely guarded and, in some states and levels, shot-
clock restrictions requiring a team to attempt a shot within a given time frame.
Player Positions
Center. Centers are generally your tallest players. They generally are positioned near the basket.
Offensive -- The center's goal is to get open for a pass and to shoot. They are also responsible for
blocking defenders, known as picking or screening, to open other players up for driving to the basket for a
goal. Centers are expected to get some offensive rebounds and put-backs.
 Defensive -- On defense, the center's main responsibility is to keep opponents from shooting by blocking
shots and passes in the key area. They also are expected to get a lot of rebounds because they're taller.

Forward. Your next tallest players will most likely be your forwards. While a forward may be called
upon to play under the hoop, they may also be required to operate in the wings and corner areas.

Offensive -- Forwards are responsible to get free for a pass, take outside shots, drive for goals, and
rebound.

Defensive -- Responsibilities include preventing drives to the goal and rebounding.

Guard. These are potentially your shortest players and they should be really good at dribbling fast, seeing
the court, and passing. It is their job to bring the ball down the court and set up offensive plays.

Offensive -- Dribbling, passing, and setting up offensive plays are a guard's main responsibilities. They
also need to be able to drive to the basket and to shoot from the perimeter.

Defensive -- On defense, a guard is responsible for stealing passes, contesting shots, preventing drives to
the hoop, and for boxing out.

Where Should New Players and Coaches Start?

First, we suggest that you focus on learning the basic fundamentals of basketball.
To teach fundamental skills, start with these 72 free basketball drills that include full diagrams and step
by step instructions. They will help you develop strong fundamentals and basketball skills.
Like any sport, no matter what your age -- whether you're a professional athlete or a youth player just
getting started -- you need strong fundamentals to be successful!
Unfortunately, most people don't really understand what that means.
The fundamentals include working on the little things that make you better -- no matter what team or
coach you play for -- or what offense or defense you are running.
For example, by working on the fundamentals of shooting, you will get better no matter what team you
play for. The fundamentals of shooting include proper foot alignment, leg bend, hand position, arm angle,
follow through, and so on. These are some of the little things that make a difference. Learn them!
The same goes for lays ups, foot work, post play, passing, jab steps, jump stops, pivoting, blocking out,
and so on.
We suggest that you start by learning the proper technique and fundamentals for:

 Shooting
 Passing
 Dribbling
 Lay ups
 Jump stops
 Pivoting and footwork
 Jab steps
 Screening
 Cutting
 Defense
 Rebounding

These are all critical fundamentals to master because they'll make you and your team better, no matter
what age level or situation you might be in.

Foot whipping
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"Bastinado" redirects here. For the Roman punishment of that name, involving stoning or cudgeling,
see Fustuarium.
Foot whipping or bastinado is a method of corporal punishment which consists of hitting the soles
of a person's bare feet. Unlike most types of flogging, this punishment was meant to be more painful
than it was to cause actual injury to the victim. Blows were generally delivered with a light rod,
knotted cord, or lash.[1]
The receiving person is required to be barefoot. The uncovered soles of the feet need to be placed
in an exposed position. The beating is typically performed with an object in the type of
a cane or switch. The strokes are usually aimed at the arches of the feet and repeated a certain
number of times.
Bastinado is also referred to as foot (bottom) caning or sole caning, depending on the instrument in
use. The particular Middle East method is called falaka or falanga,[2] derived from the Greek
term phalanx. The German term is Bastonade, deriving from the Italian noun bastonata (stroke with
the use of a stick). In former times it was also referred to as Sohlenstreich (corr. striking the soles)
Football (Soccer) Rules
Football (Soccer) is one of the oldest sports in the world and with that; it’s also one of the most
recognised. The pinnacle of the international game comes in the form the Football World Cup.
There are also tournament such as the Euro Championships, Copa America and the African Cup
of Nations. Domestically the strongest leagues come from England (English Premier League),
Spain (La Liga), Italy (Serie A) and Germany (Bundesliga). In parts of the world the sport is also
known as Soccer.
Object of the Game
The aim of football is to score more goals then your opponent in a 90 minute playing time frame.
The match is split up into two halves of 45 minutes. After the first 45 minutes players will take a
15 minute rest period called half time. The second 45 minutes will resume and any time deemed
fit to be added on by the referee (injury time) will be accordingly.
Players & Equipment

Each team consists of 11 players. These are made up of one goalkeeper and ten outfield players.
The pitch dimensions vary from each ground but are roughly 120 yards long and 75 yards wide.
On each pitch you will have a 6 yard box next to the goal mouth, an 18 yard box surrounding the
6 yard box and a centre circle. Each half of the pitch must be a mirror image of the other in terms
of dimensions.

Essentially the equipment that is needed for a soccer match is pitch and a football. Additionally
players can be found wearing studded football boots, shin pads and matching strips. The
goalkeepers will additionally wear padded gloves as they are the only players allowed to handle
the ball. Each team will have a designated captain.

Scoring

To score the ball must go into your opponent’s goal. The whole ball needs to be over the line for
it to be a legitimate goal. A goal can be scored with any part of the body apart from the hand or
arm up to the shoulder. The goal itself consists of a frame measuring 8 feet high and 8 yards
wide.

Winning the Game

To win you have to score more goals than that of your opponents. If the scores are level after 90
minutes then the game will end as a draw apart from in cup games where the game can go to
extra time and even a penalty shootout to decide the winner. Players must use their feet to kick
the ball and are prohibited to use their hands apart from goalkeepers who can use any part of
their body within the 18 yard box (of which more can be found out in the next section).

Rules of Football (Soccer)

 A match consists of two 45 minutes halves with a 15 minute rest period in between.
 Each team can have a minimum off 11 players (including 1 goalkeeper who is the only player
allowed to handle the ball within the 18 yard box) and a minimum of 7 players are needed to
constitute a match.
 The field must be made of either artificial or natural grass. The size of pitches is allowed to vary
but must be within 100-130 yards long and 50-100 yards wide. The pitch must also be marked
with a rectangular shape around the outside showing out of bounds, two six yard boxes, two 18
yard boxes and a centre circle. A spot for a penalty placed 12 yards out of both goals and centre
circle must also be visible.
 The ball must have a circumference of 58-61cm and be of a circular shape.
 Each team can name up to 7 substitute players. Substitutions can be made at any time of the
match with each team being able to make a maximum of 3 substitutions per side. In the event of
all three substitutes being made and a player having to leave the field for injury the team will be
forced to play without a replacement for that player.
 Each game must include one referee and two assistant referee’s (linesmen). It’s the job of the
referee to act as time keeper and make any decisions which may need to be made such as fouls,
free kicks, throw ins, penalties and added on time at the end of each half. The referee may
consult the assistant referees at any time in the match regarding a decision. It’s the assistant
 referee’s job to spot offside’s in the match (see below), throw ins for either team and also assist
the referee in all decision making processes where appropriate.
 If the game needs to head to extra time as a result of both teams being level in a match then 30
minutes will be added in the form of two 15 minute halves after the allotted 90 minutes.
 If teams are still level after extra time then a penalty shootout must take place.
 The whole ball must cross the goal line for it to constitute as a goal.
 For fouls committed a player could receive either a yellow or red card depending on the severity
of the foul; this comes down to the referee’s discretion. The yellow is a warning and a red card is
a dismissal of that player. Two yellow cards will equal one red. Once a player is sent off then
they cannot be replaced.
 If a ball goes out of play off an opponent in either of the side lines then it is given as a throw in.
If it goes out of play off an attacking player on the base line then it is a goal kick. If it comes off a
defending player it is a corner kick.

The Offside Rule in Football

Offside can be called when an attacking player is in front of the last defender when the pass is
played through to them. The offside area is designed to discourage players from simply hanging
around the opponent’s goal waiting for a pass. To be onside they must be placed behind the last
defender when the ball is played to them. If the player is in front of that last defender then he is
deemed to be offside and free kick to the defending team will be called.

A player cannot be caught offside in their own half. The goalkeeper does not count as a defender.
If the ball is played backwards and the player is in front of the last defender then he is deemed to
be not offside.

Futsal

(also known as fútsal or footsal) is a variant of association football played on a hard court, smaller
than a football pitch, and mainly indoors. It features similarities to five-a-side football.[1]

Futsal is played between two teams of five players each, one of whom is the goalkeeper. Unlimited
substitutions are permitted. Unlike some other forms of indoor football, the game is played on a hard
court surface delimited by lines; walls or boards are not used. Futsal is also played with a smaller,
harder, low-bounce ball.[2] The surface, ball and rules together favour ball control and passing in
small spaces.[3] The game's "emphasis is on improvisation, creativity and technique."[4]

How to Play Chess | Rules + 7 Steps to Begin

CHESS is a board game for two players.[1] It is played in a square board, made of 64 smaller squares,
with eight squares on each side. Each player starts with sixteen pieces: eight pawns, two knights,
two bishops, two rooks, one queen and one king.[2] The goal of the game is for each player to try
and checkmate the king of the opponent. Checkmate is a threat ('check') to the opposing king which
no move can stop. It ends the game.[3][4]
During the game the two opponents take turns to move one of their pieces to a different square of
the board. One player ('White') has pieces of a light color; the other player ('Black') has pieces of a
dark color. There are rules about how pieces move, and about taking the opponent's pieces off the
board. The player with white pieces always makes the first move.[4] Because of this, White has
a small advantage, and wins more often than Black in tournament games.[5][6]
Chess is popular and is often played in competitions called chess tournaments. It is enjoyed in many
countries, and is a national hobby in Russia.[7

It's never too late to learn how to play chess - the most popular game in the world!
Learning the rules of chess is easy:

1. Set up the Chess Board

2. Learn to move the Pieces
3. Discover the Special Rules
4. Learn who Makes the First Move
5. Check out the rules on How to Win
6. Study the Basic Strategies
7. Practice Playing Lots of Games

The Game of the Generals, also called GG or GOG as it is most fondly called, or simply The
Generals, is an educational war game invented in the Philippines by Jetson Paul Roxas in 1970. Its
Filipino name is "Salpakan." It can be played within twenty to thirty minutes. It is designed for two
players, each controlling an army, and a neutral arbiter (sometimes called a referee or an adjutant)
to decide the results of "challenges" between opposing playing pieces, that like playing cards, have
their identities hidden from the opponent.
The game simulates armies at war trying to overpower, misinform, outflank, outmaneuver, and
destroy each other. It optimizes the use of logic, memory, and spatial skills. It simulates the "fog of
war" because the identities of the opposing pieces are hidden from each player and can only be
guessed at by their location, movements, or from the results of challenges. The game allows only
one side's plan to succeed, although a player may change plans during the course of the game. In
addition, there are two different ways of winning the game (see below). Certain strategies and
tactics, however, allow both sides the chance of securing a better idea of the other's plan as the
game progresses. Players can also speak or gesture to their opponents during matches, hoping to
create a false impression about the identity of their pieces or their overall strategy.