D EUTSCHE NORM September 2002

Non-destructive testing of welds

General rules for metallic materials {
(includes Amendment A1)
English version of DIN EN 12062 : 1997 + A1 : 2002 EN 12062
ICS 25.160.40 Supersedes
October 1997 edition.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Schweißverbindungen –
Allgemeine Regeln für metallische Werkstoffe
(enthält Änderung A1 : 2002)

European Standard EN 12062 : 1997 + A1 : 2002 has the status of a DIN Standard.

National foreword
This standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 121.
The responsible German body involved in its preparation was the Normenausschuss Materialprüfung (Ma-
terials Testing Standards Committee), Technical Committee Elektrische und magnetische Prüfverfahren.
Amendments
This standard differs from the October 1997 edition in that it has been editorially revised.
Previous edition
DIN EN 12062: 1997-07.

EN comprises 10 pages.

© No part of this standard may be reproduced without the prior permission of Ref. No. DIN EN 12062 : 2002-09
DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany, English price group 10 Sales No. 1110
has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).
03.03
 EN 12062
February 1997
+ A1
May 2002

ICS 25.160.40

English version

Non-destructive examination of welds

General rules for metallic materials
(includes Amendment A1)

Contrôle non destructif des assem- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von

blages soudés – Règles générales Schweißverbindungen – Allgemeine
pour les matériaux métalliques Regeln für metallische Werkstoffe
(Amendement A 1 inclus) (enthält Änderung A1 : 2002)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1998-08-02. Amendment A1

was approved by CEN on 2002-05-01.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any
CEN member.
The European Standards exist in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has
the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, the Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzer-
land, and the United Kingdom.

ÈÉË
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung

Management Centre: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 2002. CEN – All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means Ref. No. EN 12062 : 1997 + A1 : 2002 E
reserved worldwide for CEN national members.
Page 2
EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

Contents
Page Page
Foreword to EN 12062 : 1997 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9.3 Butt- and T-butt joints without full
penetration and fillet welds . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Foreword to EN 12062 : 1997/A1 : 2002 . . . . . 2
10 Performance of testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
10.1 Determination of standard to be
2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
10.2 Prerequisites for testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
10.3 Time of testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 10.4 Non-acceptable indications . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Annex A (normative) Rules and standards to
5.1 Stage of manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 be applied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.2 Scope of testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A.1 Visual testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5.3 Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A.2 Penetrant testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6 Personnel qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 A.3 Magnetic particle testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
A.4 Eddy current testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7 Test organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
A.5 Radiographic testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
8 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 A.6 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steels . . . . . . 8
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
Annex B (informative) Classification of
8.1.1 Written procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.1.2 Test plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Annex C (informative) Scope of testing . . . . . . 9
8.2 Documentation after testing . . . . . . . . . . . 5
8.2.1 Records of individual tests . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Annex D (informative) Non-acceptable
indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
8.2.2 Final report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this
9 Selection of test method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 European Standard addressing
9.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 essential requirements or other
9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration . . 5 provisions of EU Directives . . . . . . 10

Foreword to EN 12062 : 1997

This European Standard has been prepared by CEN/TC 121 ‘Welding’, the Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the Commission of European
Communities and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of the relevant EC
Directive. For relationship with this directive see Annex ZA.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by February 1998 at the latest.
In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard:
Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.

Foreword to EN 12062 : 1997/A1 : 2002

This Amendment to EN 12062 : 1997 has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 ‘Welding’, the
Secretariat of which is held by DS.
This Amendment has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of the relevant EC Directive. For rela-
tionship with this directive, see Annex ZA.
This Amendment shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, and conflicting national standards withdrawn, by November 2002 at the latest.
In accordance with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard:
Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom.
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

1 Scope
Based on quality requirements, material, weld thickness, welding process and scope of testing, this standard
gives guidance for the choice of non-destructive methods for testing welds and evaluation of results for quality
control purposes.
This standard also specifies general rules and standards to be applied for the different types of test, for either
the methodology or the acceptance level for metallic materials.
Acceptance levels cannot be derived directly from the quality levels defined in EN 25817 or EN 30042. They are
linked to the overall quality of the produced batch of welds.
Requirements for acceptance levels for non-destructive testing comply with quality levels given in EN 25817
or EN 30042 (moderate, intermediate, stringent) only on a general basis and not in detail for each indication.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of
the publication referred to applies.
EN 473 Qualification and certification of NDT personnel – General principles
EN 571-1 Non-destructive testing – Penetrant testing – Part 1: General principles
EN 970 Non-destructive testing of fusion welds – Visual examination
EN 1289 Non-destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing of welds – Acceptance levels
EN 1290 Non-destructive testing of welds – Magnetic particle testing of welds
EN 1291 Non-destructive testing of welds – Magnetic particle testing of welds – Acceptance levels
EN 1435 Non-destructive testing of welds – Radiographic testing of welded joints
EN 1711 Non-destructive testing of welds – Eddy current testing of welds by complex plane analy-
sis
EN 1712 Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing of welded joints – Acceptance levels
EN 1713 Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing – Characterization of imperfections
in welds
EN 1714 Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing of welded joints
EN 12517 Non-destructive examination of welds – Radiographic examination of welded joints –
Acceptance levels
EN 25817 Arc-welded joints in steel – Guidance on quality levels for imperfections (ISO 5817 : 1992)
EN 30042 Arc-welded joints in aluminium and its weldable alloys – Guidance on quality levels for
imperfections (ISO 10042 : 1992)
EN 45001 General criteria for the operation of testing laboratories
EN ISO/IEC 17025 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025 : 1999)

3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply:

3.1 Testing
Testing of a material in accordance with a standard, a specification, or a procedure.

3.2 Testing level

Degree of stringency and selection of parameter settings with which a test method is applied. Different levels
correspond to different sensitivities and/or probabilities of detection. The selection of testing levels is normally
related to the quality requirements.

3.3 Evaluation level

Testing level from which an indication is to be evaluated (see Annex B).

3.4 Recording level

Testing level from which an indication is to be recorded (see Annex B).

3.5 Acceptance level

Testing level below which components are accepted (see Annex B).
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

3.6 Test organization

Internal or external organization carrying out non-destructive testing.

3.7 Indication
Representation or signal from a discontinuity in the format allowed by the non-destructive testing method used.

3.8 Internal imperfections

Imperfections that are not open to a surface or not directly accessible.

3.9 Quality level

Fixed limits of imperfections corresponding to the expected quality in a weld. The limits are determined with
regard to type of imperfection, their amount and their actual dimensions.

3.10 Inspection lot

A group of welds (a group can be a part of weld or a full weld or several welds) which would be expected to show
a uniform quality because of the welding procedure applied, material, type of joints, welder, environmental
conditions during welding, time period or other items affecting the quality.

4 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this standard, the abbreviations given in table 1 apply.
Table 1: Abbreviations

Test method Abbreviation

Eddy current test ET

Magnetic particle test MT
Penetrant test PT
Radiographic test RT
Ultrasonic test UT
Visual check VT

5 Limitations
5.1 Stage of manufacture
This standard has been prepared for the testing of completed welds (see 10.3). Testing of parent materials prior
to welding or between welding sequences is not covered by this standard. It is, however, recommended that
such testing be performed in accordance with the standards referred to for methods and acceptance levels.

5.2 Scope of testing

The scope of testing shall be specified in an application standard or defined by specification.
Guidance on random testing is given in Annex C.

5.3 Materials
This standard includes requirements for testing fusion welds in the following materials, their alloys and their
combinations:
– steel;
– aluminium;
– copper;
– nickel;
– titanium.
The use of this standard for other metallic materials shall be as defined by specification.

6 Personnel qualification
Personnel performing non-destructive testing and the evaluation of results for final acceptance of welds shall
be qualified in accordance with EN 473 or equivalent at an appropriate level in the relevant industrial sector.
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

7 Test organization
The test organization should be organized independently of the production and its activities should be control-
led by a quality assurance system.
If required, an external test organization, which is employed with the inspection, shall be accredited in accord-
ance with EN ISO/IEC 17025.

8 Documentation
8.1 Documentation prior to testing
Prior to testing, all necessary preliminary information required by the test standards shall be provided.
8.1.1 Written procedures
Testing shall always be performed in accordance with written procedures as required by the standard for the
individual test method or as defined by specification.
8.1.2 Test plan
In certain cases, it may be necessary to carry out additional tests including more than one non-destructive
method (other than visual checks) or multiple applications of one method. In such cases, all methods used shall
be defined in a test plan, which is to determine the sequence and scope of testing and other relevant aspects
for control of tests and other related activities.

8.2 Documentation after testing

8.2.1 Records of tests
Test results shall always be recorded as required by the relevant standard for the particular test method.
8.2.2 Final report
For each component or group of components, a final report shall be prepared which contains the information
required in the test plan and shall include as a minimum:
– reports as required in the standards covering the individual test methods;
– identification of component;
– reference to individual test records, including status (not inspected, accepted, rejected);
– identification of welds examined and/or reference to documents identifying these welds;
– system for marking of individual welds and/or reference to documents indicating the description of the
coordinate system used for testing;
– identification of personnel and organizations that have performed the tests;
– record of deviations from the standard applied regarding testing technique and acceptance levels.

9 Selection of test method

9.1 General
This standard specifies requirements for selection of test methods for various types of materials and types of
fusion welds. These methods may be used alone or in combination in order to give the required result.
Before selecting test methods and levels, the following items should be considered:
– welding processes;
– parent metal, welding consumable and treatment;
– joint type and geometry;
– component configuration (accessibility, surface condition, etc.);
– quality levels;
– type of imperfection and orientation expected.
If necessary, test methods and levels other than those listed in Annex A may be selected. If an application
standard only requires another selection of methods, testing levels listed in Annex A may be used as appro-
priate. Such alterations shall be defined by specification.

9.2 Butt- and T-joints with full penetration

The generally accepted methods for testing welds are given in table 2 for surface imperfections and in table 3
for internal imperfections.
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

Table 2: Generally accepted methods for detection of accessible

surface imperfections for all types of welds including fillet welds

Materials Test method

Ferritic steel VT
VT and MT
VT and PT
VT and (ET)

Austenitic steel, aluminium, VT

nickel, copper and titanium VT and PT
VT and (ET)

( ) Indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.

Table 3: Generally accepted methods for detection of internal imperfections for butt-
and T-joints with full penetration
1
Thickness, t, in mm )
Materials, type of joint
Up to 8 Above 8 up to 40 Above 40

Ferritic, butt-joints RT or (UT) RT or UT UT or (RT)

Ferritic, T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT)

Austenitic, butt-joints RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT)

Austenitic, T-joints (UT) or (RT) (UT) and/or (RT) (UT) or (RT)

Aluminium, butt-joints RT RT or UT RT or UT

Aluminium, T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT) UT or (RT)

Nickel-and copper-alloys, butt joints RT RT or (UT) RT or (UT)

Nickel-and copper-alloys, T-joints (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT) (UT) or (RT)

Titanium, butt-joints RT RT or (UT)

Titanium, T-joints (UT) or (RT) UT or (RT)

( ) Indicates that the method is applicable with limitations.

1
) Thickness, t, is the nominal thickness of the parent material to be welded.

9.3 Butt- and T-butt joints without full penetration and fillet welds
For partial-penetration welds and fillet welds, the unfused root can prevent satisfactory volumetric testing when
using the methods given in table 3. In cases where special test methods have not been defined by specification,
the quality of the weld shall be ensured by controlling the welding process.
Techniques other than those given in tables 2 and 3 can be defined for determining the actual degree of
penetration and the dimensions of other types of imperfection.
It is recommended that welds in steel with a minimum yield strength above 280 N/mm 2, in austenitic steel, in
aluminium, in nickel and copper alloys and in titanium be examined using method(s) in addition to VT as in
table 2.

10 Performance of testing
10.1 Determination of standard to be applied
See Annex A.

10.2 Prerequisites for testing

Prior to testing, the test personnel shall have access to all information relevant to the object including:
a) necessary preliminary information required in the standards specifying the individual test methods;
b) test plan, if required;
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

c) actions to be taken in case of detection of non-conforming welds;

d) responsibility for coordination of the inspection of parts of subassemblies manufactured by subcontrac-
tors;
e) time and place of testing.

10.3 Time of testing

Testing should be carried out after completion of any required heat treatments. Welds in materials sensitive to
hydrogen cracking (e.g. high strength steels) or other time delayed cracking shall not be examined until the
minimum time required after welding is achieved or as defined by specification.
If required by specification, special conditions may call for testing prior to final heat treatment or elapse of a
certain time.
If surface testing is to be carried out, it shall be performed prior to any testing for internal imperfections.

10.4 Non-acceptable indications

In the case of detection of non-acceptable indications, the procedure for handling shall be given in the appli-
cation standard or defined by specification.
In case of repair of non-acceptable indications, the weld shall normally be tested at least as required for the
original weld.
Further guidance is given in Annex D.

Annex A (normative)
Rules and standards to be applied
This annex gives the correlation between the quality levels specified in EN 25817 or EN 30042 and testing
techniques, testing levels and acceptance levels specified in test standards.
It should be noted that the correlation does not represent relations in quantitative tems.

A.1 Visual testing

See table A.1.
Table A.1: Visual check

Quality level as in EN 25817 Testing technique and level 1

Acceptance level )
or EN 30042 as in EN 970

B Not specified B

C Not specified C

D Not specified D
1
) The acceptance levels for visual checking are the same as the quality levels specified in EN 25817 or
EN 30042.

A.2 Penetrant testing

See table A.2.
Table A.2: Penetrant testing

Quality level as in EN 25817 Testing technique and level

Acceptance level as in EN 1289
or EN 30042 as in EN 571-1

B Not specified Twice the level

C Not specified Twice the level

D Not specified Three times the level

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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

A.3 Magnetic particle testing

See table A.3.
Table A.3: Magnetic particle testing

Testing technique and level

Quality level as in EN 25817 Acceptance level as EN 1291
as in EN 1290

B Not specified Twice the level

C Not specified Twice the level

D Not specified Three times the level

A.4 Eddy current testing

See table A.4.
Table A.4: Eddy current testing (ET)

Quality level as in EN 25817 Testing technique and level

Acceptance level
or EN 30042 as in EN 1711

C Not specified To be defined by specification

A.5 Radiographic testing

See table A.5.
Table A.5: Radiographic testing (RT)

Quality level as in EN 25817 Testing technique and level

Acceptance level as in EN 12517
or EN 30042 as in EN 1435

B B 1
1
C B ) 2

D A 3
1
) However, the maximum area for a single exposure shall satisfy the requirements for class A of EN 1435.

A.6 Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steel

See table A.6.
Table A.6: Ultrasonic testing of ferritic steel

Quality level as in EN 25817 Testing technique and level

1 Acceptance level as in EN 1712
or EN 30042 as in EN 1714 )

B At least B 2

C At least A 3
2 2
D Not specified ) Not applicable )
1
) When characterization of indications is defined by specification, EN 1713 shall apply.
2
) UT is not recommended but can be defined by specification (with the same requirements as for quality
level C).
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

Annex B (informative)
Classification of indications
See figure B.1.
TESTING LEVEL ACTION
Size of Indication
ˆ
Rejection/repair
Acceptance level
(fitness for purpose)
Rejection/repair or further evaluation based
on fitness for purpose criteria
Acceptance level
(quality assurance)
Recording of indications
Recording level
Evaluation of indications with regard to size,
type or others characteristics
Evaluation level
No action required

Figure B.1: Classification of indications

Annex C (informative)
Scope of testing
If the scope of testing is defined as a part (as a percentage, p) of an inspection lot, the following rules should
apply unless otherwise required:
– each weld in the inspection lot should be examined over a length of minimum p % of the individual length,
the area to be examined being selected by random;
– if the total length of all the welds in an inspection lot is less than x m (e.g. x = 1), at least one weld should
be examined over its entire length regardless the p %.
– if an inspection lot consists of several identical welds with individual lengths less than x m (e.g. x = 1),
randomly selected welds with a minimum total length of p % of the total length of all welds in the inspection
lot should be tested over their entire length.

Annex D (informative)
Non-acceptable indications
Where testing of part of an inspection lot reveals non-acceptable indications, the following guidelines for the
scope of any additional testing can be used. Testing should be performed at welds executed using those
parameters which might be the main cause of failure (e.g. welder, welding procedure or other of the items
mentioned under 3.10):
a) two additional samples or areas of the same weld should be given the same type of testing; and
b) if the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required under item a) are acceptable, the defective
item should be repaired or replaced and reexamined and all items represented by these two additional
samples or areas of the same weld should be accepted, but
c) if any of the samples or areas of the same welds examined as required under item a) reveals a non
acceptable indication, two further samples or areas of the same weld per defective one should be examined
and
d) if the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required under item c) are acceptable, the defective
item(s) should be repaired, replaced and retested and all items represented by the additional samples or
areas of the same weld should be accepted, but
e) if any of the samples or areas of the same weld examined as required under item c) reveals a non-
acceptable indication, all items represented by the progressive sampling should be either:
1) repaired or replaced and retested as required, or
2) fully examined and repaired or replaced as necessary, and retested.
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EN 12062 :1997 + A1 : 2002

Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or other provisions of
EU Directives
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of Directive 97/23/EC of the Euro-
pean Parliament and the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States
concerning pressure equipment.
WARNING. Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the
scope of this standard.
The following clauses of this standard as detailed in tables ZA.1 and ZA.2, are likely to support requirements
of Directives 97/23/EC and 87/404/EEC.
Compliance with these clauses of this standard provides a means of conforming to the specific essential
requirements of the directives concerned and associated EFTA regulations.

Table ZA.1: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 97/23/EC

Clauses/subclauses of Essential requirements

Qualifying remarks/notes
this European Standard of Directive 97/23/EC

All Annex I, § 3.1.2 Non-destructive tests

Table ZA.2: Correspondence between this European Standard and Directive 87/404/EEC

Clauses/subclauses of Essential requirements

Qualifying remarks/notes
this European Standard of Directive 87/404/EEC

All Annex I, § 3.2 Welds in pressurized parts