870

Irregular verbs
This list gives the infinitive form of the verb, its past tense, and then the past par-
ticiple. If two forms are given, look the verb up in the dictionary to see whether they
have a different meaning.

Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle
arise arose arisen dream dreamed, dreamed,
awake awoke awoken (also UK) (also UK)
be was/were been dreamt dreamt
bear bore borne drink drank drunk
beat beat beaten drive drove driven
(also US) beat dwell dwelled, dwelled,
become became become (also UK) dwelt (also UK) dwelt
befall befell befallen eat ate eaten
begin began begun fall fell fallen
bend bent bent feed fed fed
bet bet, betted bet, betted feel felt felt
bid bid, bade bid, bidden fight fought fought
bind bound bound find found found
bite bit bitten flee fled fled
bleed bled bled fling flung flung
blow blew blown fly flew flown
break broke broken forbid forbade forbidden
breed bred bred forecast forecast, forecast,
bring brought brought forecasted forecasted
broadcast broadcast broadcast foresee foresaw foreseen
(also US) (also US) forget forgot forgotten
broadcasted broadcasted forgive forgave forgiven
build built built forgo forwent forgone
burn burnt, burned burnt, burned forsake forsook forsaken
burst burst burst freeze froze frozen
bust (UK) bust, (UK) bust, get got got
(US) busted (US) busted (also US) gotten
buy bought bought give gave given
cast cast cast go went gone
catch caught caught grind ground ground
choose chose chosen grow grew grown
cling clung clung hang hung, hanged hung, hanged
come came come have had had
cost cost cost hear heard heard
creep crept crept hide hid hidden
cut cut cut hit hit hit
deal dealt dealt hold held held
dig dug dug hurt hurt hurt
dive dived dived input inputted, inputted, input
(also US) dove input
draw drew drawn keep kept kept
kneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled
know knew known
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Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle
lay laid laid rewrite rewrote rewritten
lead led led rid rid rid
lean leaned leaned ride rode ridden
(also UK) leant (also UK) leant
ring rang rung
leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped
rise rose risen
learn learned learned
(also UK) (also UK) run ran run
learnt learnt saw sawed sawn
leave left left (also US) sawed
lend lent lent say said said
let let let see saw seen
lie lay, lied lain, lied seek sought sought
light lit, lighted lit, lighted sell sold sold
lose lost lost send sent sent
make made made set set set
mean meant meant sew sewed sewn, sewed
meet met met shake shook shaken
mislay mislaid mislaid shear sheared sheared, shorn
mislead misled misled shed shed shed
misread misread misread shine shone shone
misspell misspelled misspelled shoot shot shot
(also UK) (also UK) show showed shown, showed
misspelt misspelt
shrink shrank shrunk
mistake mistook mistaken
shut shut shut
misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood
sing sang sung
mow mowed mown, mowed
sink sank sunk
outdo outdid outdone
sit sat sat
outgrow outgrew outgrown
slay slew slain
overcome overcame overcome
sleep slept slept
overdo overdid overdone
slide slid slid
overhang overhung overhung
sling slung slung
overhear overheard overheard
slink slunk slunk
override overrode overridden
slit slit slit
overrun overran overrun
smell smelled smelled
oversee oversaw overseen
(also UK) smelt (also UK) smelt
oversleep overslept overslept
sow sowed sown, sowed
overtake overtook overtaken
speak spoke spoken
overthrow overthrew overthrown
speed sped, speeded sped, speeded
pay paid paid
plead pleaded pleaded spell spelled spelled
(also US) pled (also US) pled (also UK) spelt (also UK) spelt
prove proved proved, spend spent spent
(also US) proven spill spilled spilled
put put put (also UK) spilt (also UK) spilt
quit quit quit spin spun spun
read read read spit spat spat
(also US) spit (also US) spit
rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
split split split
repay repaid repaid
spoil spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt
rethink rethought rethought
spread spread spread
rewind rewound rewound
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Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle Infinitive Past Tense Past Participle
spring sprang sprung tread trod trodden
stand stood stood undercut undercut undercut
steal stole stolen undergo underwent undergone
stick stuck stuck understand understood understood
sting stung stung undertake undertook undertaken
stink stank stunk undo undid undone
(also US) stunk unwind unwound unwound
stride strode strode uphold upheld upheld
strike struck struck upset upset upset
string strung strung wake woke woken
strive strove,strived striven, strived wear wore worn
swear swore sworn weave wove, weaved woven, weaved
sweep swept swept weep wept wept
swell swelled swollen, swelled wet wet, wetted wet, wetted
swim swam swum win won won
swing swung swung wind wound wound
take took taken withdraw withdrew withdrawn
teach taught taught withhold withheld withheld
tear tore torn withstand withstood withstood
tell told told wring wrung wrung
think thought thought write wrote written
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust