Q1. Disitinguish between random and raster scan display devices.

Ans :
RASTER SCAN :
In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a time
from top to bottom. As the electron beam moves across each row, the beam intensity is
turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots.

Picture definition is stored in memory area called the Refresh Buffer or Frame Buffer.
This memory area holds the set of intensity values for all the screen points. Stored intensity
values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer and “painted” on the screen one row (scan
line) at a time as shown in the following illustration.
Each screen point is referred to as a pixel (picture element) or pel. At the end of each scan
line, the electron beam returns to the left side of the screen to begin displaying the next scan
line.

In raster scan at the end of each scan line the electron beam return to the left most point of
the next line to begin displaying the next scan line. This is called horizontal retrace of the
electron beam. At the end of each frame the electron beam returns to the top left corner of the
screen to begin the next frame. This is called vertical retrace.
RANDOM SCAN :

In random scan technique, the electron beam is directed only to the part of the screen where
the picture is to be drawn rather than scanning from left to right and top to bottom as in
raster scan. It is also called vector display.

Figure showing random scan.

Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands in an area of memory referred

to as the refresh display file. To display a specified picture, the system cycles through the
set of commands in the display file, drawing each component line in turn. After all the line-
drawing commands are processed, the system cycles back to the first line command in the
list.

Q2. Explain RGB and HSV color models.

Ans.
RGB COLOUR MODELS :
A color model is a system for creating a full range of colours from a small set of primary
colors. The RGB color model is an additive color model. In this case red, green and blue
light are added together in various combinations to reproduce a wide spectrum of colors.
The primary purpose of the RGB color model is for the display of images in electronic
systems, such as on television screens and computer monitors and it’s also used in digital
photography. Cathode ray tube, LCD, plasma and LED displays all utilize the RGB model.
In order to create a color with RGB, three colored light beams (one red, one green, and one
blue) must be superimposed. With no intensity,each of the three colors is perceived as black,
while full intensity leads to a perception of seeing white. Differing intensities produce the
hue of a color, while the difference between the most and least intense of the colors make
the resulting color more or less saturated. Note the white center that appear in the color
chart.
Each primary color can take an intensity value ranging from 0(lowest) to 1(highest). Mixing
these three primary colors at different intensity levels produces a variety of colors. The
collection of all the colors obtained by such a linear combination of red, green and blue
forms the cube shaped RGB color space.
The corner of RGB color cube that is at the origin of the coordinate system corresponds to
black, whereas the corner of the cube that is diagonally opposite to the origin represents
white. The diagonal line connecting black and white corresponds to all the gray colors
between black and white, which is also known as gray axis.
In the RGB color model, an arbitrary color within the cubic color space can be specified by
its color coordinates: (r, g.b).

HSV COLOR MODEL :

HSV (Hue, Saturation and Value) – defines a type of color space. It is similar to the
modern RGB and CMYK models. The HSV color space has three components: hue,
saturation and value. ‘Value’ is sometimes substituted with ‘brightness’ and then it is known
as HSB. The HSV model was created by Alvy Ray Smith in 1978. HSV is also known as the
hex-cone color model
 HSV COLOR MODEL

HUE :
In HSV, hue represents color. In this model, hue is an angle from 0 degrees to 360 degrees.

The above circle shows the change in color with the change in degrees. Each angle
represents a unique color.
SATURATION :
Saturation indicates the range of grey in the color space. It ranges from 0 to 100%.
Sometimes the value is calculated from 0 to 1. When the value is ‘0,’ the color is grey and
when the value is ‘1,’ the color is a primary color. A faded color is due to a lower saturation
level, which means the color contains more grey.
VALUE :
Value is the brightness of the color and varies with color saturation. It ranges from 0 to
100%. When the value is ‘0’ the color space will be totally black. With the increase in the
value, the color space brightness up and shows various colors.