WK: COIICffll Of PAII\Sll()l()Gy

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARASITES

• Edopcmuie- a....,.. ..,._ ..,...._..,,_....,
utac. al. hoot.·-~ Ice, lcb. ........
· ~cnhs-pma,1,,ot,a1 . . . . . . . . . . al ....
- •-~ "-"oeba~
'Obligate Parasite · h PD111111 ■ •........, ......,.
=:::..":a ...... « .. al h •cycle,._~
• focullulve porusite-..,...., w..._ w,
pclalilcond,-,..... ,_..a1.,...1w1ce ...not
~ dlpend onh Pllalilc war
~ Ir) 11 plead OIi a halt
al•.W■....,,. a1
l~~lowle,i

IASIC COIICEm Of PAIUIIOIOGT

ASSOCIATION BEJWEEN PARASITE AND HOST

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PARASITES
• A pcl!01ie 11 a hi!lg OfgClllisn. which tokes Is nonhmellt Olld olll«
needs lrom a host.
• Host Is an Olg<lnhm which suP.l)Olls t h e ~-The~ • Accidental ~ - when a pma,lt cAx:b III I.IIIDlllol
ho,t a,d ...,;...,
induded in medical parasltcilogy are piolozoa, heminlhes, and
some arthropods. l g. ~ - . , . (•...,.._~

' Enulic ~ · ■ -lldwCl!donr,k,a,oigm,inllfbt

► lltdai1G .... ....-wl1chdonol.....,p,v-.-ln~ ll nof......,bm
1-........-,-1Mc1oc- -1n- • ~-
-.,,(oppotll.nlllcpa,a,1t1)k ~olpara,,oo.d~t - a l
lht lna-.gprnalonce ol llV/AIDS ln OIICO\dJ.

IIASIC COIICff'U Of PAMIIIOIOGT

Thtle is a dynamic eq• brium which txish In the
ilfwacfian ol organisms.
Alff organism !hat spends a parlon « GI of ils • cycle
inlmollly Otl()(;iattd with anolhtr organism ol a
DIFFERENT KINDS OF HOSTS
dillertnt species Is c<>Mdtrtd as symbiotll (symbiolt)
and llis rtlationslip is caltd s~i.osn (symbiotic • Del nifiv• host - a hoel lhal haibon a pcr,alt in h acMI
191afionslips~ llage or ...... h ~ ........ a•Ml!llhdal
~

• Intermediate host . i.t.s h '-11 . . . cl h pca,a1t

'"" common ,rmbiok rtlallonslips btlwMn two Commmuliim'
organhms: ic.w~ .,....,,,,,_.•~in•...,.,.,.,,...
or OIi . . .xud q'Cle al dtwelop,,,Ml lallts plac& in -

hol8 NlondlocaWandacondMIIMClde~
ce11e1,

•Mllltalbm
• Pcsotenic host - a 11oe1 w-.. ,. a~~ a
• Commtraalsm ¥elidtlorMC1CN1gca,~hoef.....,h ....... holl,
• ,annillm le lis rdMC.-y t«h ~ clhpa,alilt, .cycle.
'
',Mutualnmf~ Pamifun1
\'
/ '-.___ _/,
 •IASIC CONCf"5 Of ,AIASIIOtOGT
LAB DIAGNOSES

DIFFERENT KINDS Of HOSTS llop,y maltnal • waios will ..,..,,porQilic ffl<toni

• Reservoir host -a 11ot1 td mdcn t. Ex~. ,,_..,poncbtt11c-.diuii,,.-. -«»biaplyin-d

pa,a .,.aio1,1t forhll<fflniteion lo Cydct1e-. Tridnla,i, cnl Chago,' " - -. a1 ll'ip fa, Onchocotdom.
_.,..ho,I ,.,d is u,ualy nol~by • U..ttwaf o, wog,,a citchcsgt - fa, lrichomonoa waginca
t.rndlon
, Natural host- a hotl ttat i s ~
• ~ - ncnwdonolh,p<AumN ..... nh
rioctod wit, clNlar, ,pKit1 " pamilt. foloww,g
•Accidenlal host - a hotl td is '"""' &anpo:
,,..,,,.. ~.. nol nodtd will, . .
pma,ilo. In cmn wt.. hhci,iaf olh pcra,ile N
In ... !91pioby hxt .. ., ,cn,gorin,ic,li,
h t9111 o1,~..,. wetlenncn 011
hM.l1d

---------------
LAB DIAGNOSES ~ DIRECT EVIDENCES

depending on the nature of the parasffi~ ln~s. the following

specinens are seleded lor labololory d1agnosis:
II • Cylolaglcol changes in the blood:
~ :

. Blood-in tae pacuc neaom whole.,. pa,mh lhll" arr eawipllo on., i;... er, rdc:-, ol hut.,.,....,, htlm....,_ a
I
✓ by
s1agt o1 its drtfflpment ci'CIA<NI ri lht blood man.
exCllinalon o1 blood Im fonm ont ol lie meat pr_..,... fol
spoclcdaiJ!osi,
I red.octon "mle blood ctl OOlftl ii m indc-, ol lo:»arar
.,, cn,1110 i, a lwalln ol t.>olcwoon iftttaion <rd mdcrio

fxampl,:
, i-,Mdcrio lit paeans en loinl nude h ..d blood II °" ~" ~ .,_~
c...
In lalaollial crd Mdaycr, liabll. rncrc8aiat en
kM,dr, litbloodpio,mo
I • Serologicol tests -en cllriod
crlligom0110,aid,le.

_ , __J
I L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _" _ ____J

7
IAB DIAGNOSES TREATMENT
o 0
(l C 6
ox........,
ol h tlool fcnns er, i-.,o,kri pat it the

~
• Slool -
ciai,,osi, ol ~ paaiilc iftcb, cr,d dsolo,those
t.tmmic parailwtthalloccm ith biay taclcrd Many po,otfic inftclions can bt curtd by sptcitic chtmothtr0py. The
clochcrgt thoi.ggsitlohirnn. g19altst advanctS hove l>Hn made in the lrtofmtnf of protozoal
, U... - •hon h ,.._ loc<UI it h lfflllY tact. h Le t distas,s.
t1a....... olh1mtwilbeol~it~h -

~.
~ ciaptit. kif the nalmtnt of iritsfinci htlmrithiois. drugs en given oraly lor
bcrnplo.
dncf aclion on fht ti.lminlht1. To obfoin maximum paroncidol
tlltct, tt is dtsiroblt that the dnlgs administtrtd should not bt
In LIMY Sdislotornicais. .ggs ol Sditlosoma absorbtd and the dnlgs should also havt minimum loxic ttltct on tht

••' I}.
haemaloiaffn 011 fowidin h ,mo.
host.
lnCG1Holchyk,iclcanedbyWuchnriabor!aolli, •• t'• I ~
mic1o1ibiao ore lwid in h ,mo • , 11

.. ;. ' i}
 TERMINOLOGY
MfaS11m may b. laun ogallSI fftry paraslt inltcing i.mans. ~ • C-= Ir, ~ e.:h:>,1 hll haloono pao, ,.01\l A"'l'(lhie ol
~ ,t t) otw,,
fflfQSlffS dHgntd lo brtok ! h t ~ cydt en cruoai lo S¥ccffllul
pcl'Oiic t!Odicafion. S~ch lnt(!Slff! 1ndude: c..io.. ~

, lltO,don cl t. .....-.:. cl nadcn-

t.Nbr ~
t. po,:ait i ~...,
h hoot
t. clsanw-., cl h ~ agwt 1hoab. a
C.. l"lt>lozoo rro~ ti,, meo,, ol ala

C a a± • . ~ k rei:Jlo,np llenf'iool ti ..,,.,. mtntie< crcj ha,rtoi,

pomp - - cnl ....._. cl pmaliic: ..._. • .., ~ lc a,oh,
cOffll"l'W'I in h plWWl'licr, cl duu::i....,
c,,t 'hd-.ded ~ ol pooic,K,olftSb-; loodveneccrotm,
, Scntay crid « cnw,g . . cn1 lood
· Otliliw.. host '¼..-.t a,ppo,rg h.> adul or t!.uol ~ ol o pao,k It., <)<'ic>
, ri.,waileciip,sd-houg,~ ... -•,,__, uacl
ICl9.-llainel cnl~clrr,j-ltal Edapm,ait. Pa,o1te bm on tie RnX't' of o holl

1 n. .,,. cl iNldiodn en! 0hr damic:ds -.I ID add h -..c1Dr &du,x>cail. Pca:,n, tllrld fl!ldp a hod
popJaion ,..,,_, Bb;idor i m , e ~

· AQgalca Prolo,oo rroile by ITPOll ol l,gt-io

PREVENTION TERMINOLOGY
• Gfl:Md: ConlamgO¥O

✓ l'ralediv• dotting that would Pl".nt vecloB tom ming in the

H8nilt1<: Worms h:Jf nckodenerrotode, ~ ~•lode• ~ I
crcj l!emolodes ~l"'J
surtace of !ht body and inoculate pafhog.ns during 111K blood meal
- 1M11nop1odic. Orgcrum copable al d !Mizoion
✓ Goad per,onal hygwne.
· Hott 1.1mg orgcrum hit totm CJ'IOhr OIO(nlffl
✓ Avoidanct of u~cted sexual pracicn
~ cyu l<nel,!age ol fdrococcullJ1Y1Uml~
......,,_ hott" Hoslcontarwigfleoie,uolproieo1o poro,te

lava !J>enle !loge ofa ponnte

• ldizon a. mnollre sctwzont Ealy stoge of oiexuol iporozoo ~ le b.
Milure !dwnl: Dew-lo!>ed stoge ol cnewal si>MWO ~

Sl'ECIMIN COUECllON AND l'IIOCWIIG

I TERMINOLOGY
• Diagnosis of paasite inlecions often depends on observing
paimite forms that include protozoa, ova, larva. Of adult ·~ : Syrnooic relaliornhp bene6ciol lo bot, spec,e1
fonns. Specinen types include stools (most common).
tissue, wine, sputum, and blood. I I · Nemedt: Roundwom,

I
· Ooc.,.t Encysled loon ot on egg
• Siad sorrples shoukl be ht ol onliniaobiol agern ex other
iutxlonces lhol riribi! paosite growth. Sorum !from
enemas) con obsa.,e paasites di.King microscopic
I • ,.._., HJ cxgomm lhol obtains ,ts ooi'lenh rom onot.e< o,gcrilffl Ifie hos I) vhle
t-amnghlhod
exorninolion. ,Cll'C!lhn,: Syrrboic relak>nshp r, v"1ch one men-ber beneih al lhe e,peme of
I onolle< ment>er (lhe hos!)

o.r. • Synao,il; HJ 0 JSOC10fion belv.een ll'IC> "' rrore agau1111of diffMnl ipeoe,

• • ltcoat lOO Clld ocdc pH Wti 10111t pollllftl Clld diort

lhKmo,phology. slool mud I» lrff al o.mt.

"' f I •lipl ,tc. en bttl lo dtlld lrap,ozahs, """- lormtd slooh

en bt,I lo dtlld ow Clld cy,11.
I I
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _,,_ ___J L__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _
 .STOOL PRESERVATIVES
· I) Stool specmem sholAd no1 be frozen_ and
rnpre~ specimem lhoold nol be slaed of IOOl11
empeia,..e longer than a couple of ham.

· 2l folmalirl (5 o, 1~) i1 oo ol-pu,-poie p,eser,aN,e lo

prese1,oe sto'ol spec1mem lo! concentofion i;rocedures.

• J) Pclr,il)YI alcohol('"".A) is a mercury-conloi'ling

pre1e1vafi.e IOI prepamg pennonenl sloined smear~

· 4) Sodiuff! acel!M lotrrain (SAf) is a metcury-tee

preser,ati,e thaf ~ be used lo i;reserve slool !Omples
101 bolh concenlrohoo and pem,anenl stained IITleCn
1
• 5) less toxic ~e!e!Volives g_enerqly substitute line sulate
for merc!IY, Compared 16PVA. lheie preser,ati.esdo
not povide lhe qualify ot pre1e1VOlion of inleilinal
proknoa.
i
1
~
,,
i

--------- - -- - - - - - - -- ---,
· Oplimal detection of pmu1ites often
requies concenaion ol specinen. · INTESTINAL PROTOZOA
• 1) Gross txaminalion of stool rooy detect adult · General Charaderistics
fooru. portk,-ulo~ helminths (woons).
• 2) Conctn\"alion procedures fa feces remo~ · Pwudopod, ae extensions of cyloplosm providing mofiify urjque lo
deblis thof could obscure parasites. Baium is not omeboe.
remo~ d11ing coocenlrotion praced11es. · Trophozoi!e and cysi stages ore port of fhe omeboe life cyde.
• 3) Fecal concentralion methods • Most amebic lnlecfions ore spread to hum:ms through contaninated
• Farrotr>e-n,I ccetole sed,menloton waler.
• 1,-,csvl'o:ellolota, • Cyst is lhe infecti.e stage, whereaslhe trophozcite is lhe adive
, Sl'eo ..... "-90' lkllofla"_ reproduction slag• deslroyed by storroch acid.
· laborofory identific:alian: Miaoscopic idenffcalion of cysts (i, formed
• 4) Blood concenhation methods sfoob) and lrophozoites Pn iquid stools) based on ize, nuclear
, --.e ICnoll mtll>od .1e1 i0W-,;,ee<l c;en'11fl.-.lo' on to characlwristics, and inclusions
co-,ce,,!ro:e clood ,omp"' 1o.11pected or ccnonng
rrnmol'1u~ of poro,•es. · Size is one of fhe rrosl ~ ant a iferia fa idenlific:alion.
• loAtf cod sldr, ae used fa l 8ffl'<Yl0 or
rrw corosorrVJ oef 8Cfla'I

L
7
· MOIJ)hologic terms amclat.d with protozoa

• Koryosome: h eo of cll'omrlin whi h! nucleus

• Peripheral chromatin: Nucleic oad combi'led v.<lh profetn toond olong t.e
nuclear merrbrane
• Excystotion: Devefopmentoto cyst nfo o tophorolfe
• Encystolion: Development of a tophozoile i'llo o cyst
• Chromotoid bar: Rod-!hoped. RNA conlo,nng iiucfufe found ,nthf cylDp!ism
~ tamoeba histolytk:a -·- m
!ht «t, amoeba ~ c lor
tht gasici,,t!lilal lad
Cyis en 11i.ctiYt whtn ingflM(i
excy,lation occun inlht smaY
inltsintS- lnttdive cym art
poDld instools and <n rt!islant lo
,nvionmtntal snss.

W.Ction, ~ A~ ollis. liY.,~ "

A,-bic calm ~ chmactoriz.d by cixlomild
cram~ -•ict
fai9,o. ncicnhe<l Mcm,
aloo cau,e lAc.. cnl ~ -

Entamoeba histolytica c~

MORPHOLOGY:
~ - --
{~ Nlngt in lia flom 8-22 um.
and !hey art spherical.
✓I Coniai!IS I -4 nuclei: ~
chromalin n1iiiaiia' unilonnly
dmibuled.
' KCll'fOtOIM is centrally located
Morphologicany, E. histolytk;a is identical to the
' CVtopla,1!1 is lntty_ll!Qnvlarwilh nonpathogen E. dispar. These two species_can be
cliroinalcid ban with round ends.
differentiated by immunologic assays detecting surface
anffgens.

lnlNi,c,IAffloebat lnl9tlindAmoebal

Entamoeba histolytica En/amoeba histo/ylica

MORPHOLOGY: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS:
Trophozoiie chanideristics:
✓Tivphozoifes range In size from
llfflmlWAMOOlo\SIS: ~
5-70 um and they en motile by
means of pseudopods • Examination of a ..esh dysenteric
lecd specin.n or redd scraping for

'
' l hislolylica lropho10iles lrophozolle stage.
contain one nucleus. and they
-.semble lhote lound In the cyst • fxaminallan ol lonned or semilonned
leces for cyst~.
✓Cyloplawn Is lnety granulcl' and
may conlail red lllood eel
(IIC)indniofts. p,9Mnce IICsi,
inlothl ......._ ■ conoidorod

-- -
...... o i l ~

- - - - 4 - 11
 Entamoeba histolytica
WittlildA.-bca

Entamoeba coli
~·---
MORPHOLOGY: liJ-
LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: Cyst chaloctemla
,,
1X!WN1Ul111Al AMOUIASIS. ✓Cysts ronre
In sire ..om 8 lo 40
um. and ey ore spherical.
, Diagnosed by the u,e of sconNng
procedures for Iver and other
✓N confcins 1
~phetal c
gg_e1; the
nIs cocne
o,gans. and unevenly clslllbuled. YOUIHI
~ may conkin a large central
• Specllc serologic tem.logeffter ogenmon.
wlh mlc101coplc examination of the ✓l(myosome is eccentric and large
obscen maleflm. con conlnn the
clognosis. ✓~~~~·~~
ends.

fl

lntHm Amoeb<R

En/amoeba histolytir,a Entamoeba coli

MORPHOLOGY:
TREATMENT: Trophozolte characteristics:

· Acute, fulminating omebia~s ~ heoled with

melronidazole followed by iodoquinol ✓Trophoioffes range in Iii. from 1Oto
60 um, and they are matii. by means
· Asynl)lomotic corooge con be erndic:cfed with ol short/blunt pseudopods.
lodoquinol cloxanide furoalt. ex paromomycin
✓ Contain single nucleus wilh
coant,
• Ml4ronidcw>lt, chlo!Oquint, and dioxanide luroalt untHnly distributed chromatin, and
con be used for the lreolrrenl of exho intestinal they rtstmblt thew lound in the cyst.
orroebio s~ ✓ Cytoplasm is coarse and vacuolGltd.
with bac11riat Inclusions.

11

( ~ A.-bca

En/amoeba coli Blastocystis homini..-----~-

Notes: Notes:

• Cunnly do'1iitd as on amotba but rRNA

col is generoly
✓ E.
analysis lncicalts it is rtlaltd to algat and
nonpothogenic but may cause waftr moulds
lnlestild problems in
immunosuppressed polents. MOT.co.ika,• ..-dlwdcnlwai
:C:
✓If lound In a stool E. r:
•r ~ lmctions CCIUlld: DIAlllltfA end AIOOMINAL PAIN

''·
col con inclcote pmence
of pathogetic OIV(Jnlsms.
✓Needs to be cllerenloted m
E. hhtolyltco lor purposes of
lrealrnent
I

• '\ "·
••

fl •
Morphologr:lllecknliclom!vCliMincianlftf
hom 4 to Ml um end conl.irl a lalge cenl.al
~tiat• about molt. celvai.-
lhn ilan ~ liig ol cyt.,plan will 9"fl
nuclei caound the cenl.d ~ -

--- ))
 RAGfUATU

81astocystis hominis Giardia lamblia

LAI DIAGNOSIS MOffllOlOCT
• Ml(rOScopiC examination of stool ,ample
• TIit o,ganism may bt dtMdtd in Ml Cyst CharaderidC1
IIIOllnlsor.-;chomt -stained srnecn of ✓ G. lalNllo ~ or• oval-shaped, and
lht off1119f lilt rang• hom l2 um lo a
ltcci specimtns umwidt
✓ Cysts conlain 4 nudtl with no peripheral
TREATMENT clwonaln
✓ cytoplmm is rtlradod flom lht cyst wal
• Trtalmtnl with lodoquinal or mtlronidazclt and may c01min 2 lo 4 conma-shaptd.
mtdian bodies

RAGEILATU

FLAGELLATES Giardia lamblia

Genetal characteri,llcs:
MOmlOIOGT
✓ ~at., en a subclass of PIOlozoa. Iha! T,op/loloh Charadelhlcs
han one or mart llagelum Iha! provide
moilly.
✓ Al lagelalts have a "°l)hozn stage. bvt
•Hnll lock lht cy,I !lag,.
✓ ~- Jr.:",,::,"" ..... _.., ....._ 11m
, . . .. ~·~wlhbldttal"""'"'
.. ~
~ ,_
----
-.,....,.,........
cnl two klgt ru:111 on each lldt cl a crial
✓ Many 9agelatts livt in lhe smal int.sines. OIOtlyte
✓ Giardia lombia Is fht only pathogtric
lagtlcft: ii cou.s mild 10 modtratt
✓ "OID MAN wlh !l!GLAS.IES"
.......
...........
✓ C~2CMll-"-druct.l ........
...._
....--~
diarlhto. Severt inlecions can ltad lo ~-ml&
malabsorption. ✓ ....... pan ol llagtla
......_...
✓ -oplc-ol_...,..._

✓ 2 moc1c1, bocltl, 2 -. cnl alUda,g

lliagnotis: nicroscapic uaminalion rl slool lot
✓ 0111o< ~-(lloltttl..tt) ca,d
lrophoZOftl ....., _ -oaologlc ....,,.

RAGflLATU RAGEILATU

Giardia lamblia Giardia lamblia

LAB DIAGNOSIS
Taxonomy: G. duadtnalis and G.
inlltllnan en synonyms • Exaninalion ol diarrheal dool-tophollOiM
or cy,I, or bolh may be rec-.d in wtt
pl!PCIIQlon.
lnltdon caused: giardCl!ls ('laY.,.s
diarrhta1 • In •xaninationl rl lonnechloal (•-9· in
asymplomak canit!s) only cysts 01•
MOT: txposurt to contaminated wattr
and lood; Calll)trs and hunflrs en
prone lo inltcton ahr drinking
unnalld wa1tr tom slltams
✓
.
✓Cysts ate the inledive stage.
,c,.,_...._...
~
~~Clldnc'flllll

l,oplloahl aladl It . . dlodttowl 111/COIG.

• Giardia a ~ may occur i n • . -·.
ie. many orgarilms may be pr-nlintlw
slool an a giYtn day and few or nant may
bt d.tecfed the next day.

✓ fllc:JllallN oc-"' 11M

llocymwlpallllllosteol
lalgt ....... cad • Thttlfore ont dool sptcimtn per day for
3 days b important

w
 RAGfllATU
R.AGEllAllS

Dientamoeba fragilis
Giardia lamblia Ncm
', .
TREATMENT
t . . . CCJMI cl cianMa ccaad b¥ D. . . .
ocair In lnilwlcllCIII M1Qln dow ~ wdl ca
.. t#lfY._. fW' .__.. . . . . . . lb.
, fo,' asyn,ptomaic Camtl'S and
i"mCIIH , coltgl !lucltrl,, cn1ma.yrt<Mh 0 ....__..,..~.-i~,,.
~
....
.......-..-,.~
ci1fO,td pafitnls tilt drug of choice ✓lmch lht mucotal lnlg ol lht largt W
...._ -~ .....ir.-..rUIII
•p--:.lo,q#-•
is quinacnnt hydrochloride or I ,
PREVENTION ✓-- ii no cyrl tlagl cnl lht tit cyclt II nol ...·
n,fffOridazolt cllhd.
- Atyq,lomak MM1VOn cl nec1ion ihoud
be idlnllitd' -..cl. w.ctiom_.ct
Diagno•s:
- -'•~ akouluni.altd lood cnl wale!.
✓ AbdomiM pm, Microscopic examination of tl'Ophozoitts
- Dlningwallrliom ldlnnd tlr9Clllll ihoud ✓ And plllM [ildwlg) In the stool
be boiecl 111119d Clld/OI ioch ti.dtd,

- PIO!llf .... cilp,dcnl1Mcllailn

0

I
Fu\GELIA!U \ RAGEllATU

Chilomastix mesnili Dientamoeba fragilis

Nolel:

(Wectw•l
«...,
; MOT: ccriarninaad lood
h c-,.t tlagl
✓Genody no,,pd,ogl,ic but has bNn
contan,g
-..........
-~· ~,
.;..i._.,,,.,.......,.
._.
._.,. ,.,,
........ ...,.
,_
Trophoroila charact.ristics:
✓Sia range from 5 lo lt um; lhty Cllt

~c-
motile by 1M<1ns of hyalint pttudopods
aaociaad lritl checM in lmmunosuppr9Md and art round-shaped
pcMl'ft
✓#N,<A cells contain 1wo nuclei withovt
peripheral cl'lomotin but with clumps of
" lllocy,t- ■ su...,5h>10,..llo.....,aodil
,,. nuclear cl'lomotin

...----.........-
oYd-tlq>od
✓The cytoplasm is vacuolot.d with bocltriol
✓ C.--otlnglt oocloon ..,.ol inclusions

.,,.. ....,...... ~

' '"' cylotloolt ii wol dtlltd

' FIAGUIATU RAGELIAllS

'
Chilomastix mesnili Dientamoeba fragilis
TIQflhoroitt Chcsactlritk,
• liot11S1g111iom51o25uminlll,gf,
TREATMENT
r
cnlSlolOumin ...... hy-,-r-
,,,
-·-
. . .""' ... ~''Jl:I"
thapldu,d..,._ ~,.,.,. .._
Tht lhtnipeuic agent of choice
• Singlt NICIM •illout~ for this lnltdlon is iodoquinol, with
CN'OIIIC6I PREVENTION
✓l~ecataeu,dsnd
ltlhlcydint and parmomycint as
acceptable Clltmalrln Tht-oi'lor . . . . . . . cnl
✓flagala: Tine ..-.riot u,d -
~ llecycle-rinown. 'IM.~
✓Cylollome n•..., iwg. n a ,,_a r.commendaiion tor pwenlion ii ~
~••,-.nt
...._..
. " ii __...,.
coniidnd lo be a non•pmhoglric, cnl no
llowlWII, necion Cat be awoided bJ
.....,,_rJ....,.ecnlqy
~
 com

Balanfidium coli
Trophozoites c:harad.nslia
Gfllllal ehalactemlits
. Mo1tbydia ✓bvt In lirup to 100.m In leflglh
. rropt,ozoits and cym en
and 70 ,m In wldlll
part of the • cydt ✓lbh~. ~codlin2
Melli
. lalanidium col is the ONy
tptdls pathogenic lcr ✓Has one or two cOlmlCII ,actoles
tiumon wth cia C110und hell

b - - j>

I
< CIIATES CI IATES

Balantidium coli Balantidium coli

TREATMENT
· MOT: cOll!amilNJted (leces) or food
· Causes lalanlldknis, charadtlfzed Th• drug of choice is
by dklTlleo to dysente,y tatracycine; lodoquincl and
· lllaS,lotls: mlaoscopk metronidazde en ahmallve
exarnlnalon of stool tor c:ysls or agents.
~zoltes

0
0

I
\ ClllATES , INTU1IIAl SPOIOIOA I

Balantidium coli INTESTINAL SPOROZOA R'{ .f.: l,.•t_

Cryptosporidum parvum ~ •-'.J -~ ,
Cyst Charaderisfic:s: C' ' ... .
MOT:._.em...a.-d'-lorwallr G • •••
• lcqes In ia tom 43 to 65 um and Is (..... cow, Ilia Of cliclan '-s) al w.ct.d ~ \ "'I' • •
round inshape
I Comalns 2 ftU dei; Ont, the ::..CCMICt • }- I
macronucltus Is kidney-shaped and
wery large, the niaonudtus ls round 'Ct"""••ri·
clclihea
... ~ 1 o -
and 1111 ch srnahr (rcnly seen)
✓lnpaiei'ad!Al>S, C,yp6otpcricium
• Has a double cyst eel wal with imc:tionl- er. ........ _ a1.., 0acy,1, , IMNclnllo .. _
,-~ '-\
t::.J I
nufflllOUs cla belwN!! the two eel
WIiis
MID....., . o.a1--,,1...-••-•1t-
• Oocysaaoia114,,_....-IIIN...,o I
llidl t el wall
IM~IIOf~MW!llldalk. . .
 IIITUllNAI SPOIOlOA
r-- IIITUIIW SPOIOlOA

-
tNTfSTINAL SPOROZOA INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
•
{
c,yptosporidium porvum
LAl()IAIOIT DIAGIIOSIS:

~ is mado by ind1"41 OOCYfl II t.cal

.,,,..,,, .i..n uiing a modilied Kir,youn acid-
faitstoin.
c
t.i • I
·t ••"
e ,, ,
" ,IatJ;
.
.
~
'•
~c'I lsospora belll
MOT: ingtdan ol h nech• oocytt 11
....... ded lood and ....
Human en h cW.ih• hoot..._ en no
.,.,,,...hoth
.I;
.. \'
\
·,· \
\
Seld.ai lesaen noiCIII~. • ..• lrNc:tlcncauoed
'~•...•
•
•=
t ..

f~~~)
• isolpoliCllis, c ~ a d by .md Oocytl CIICIIOd9'1111C1
ciClmea lo wv... dytenlely • The CMi oocyst ~ 11 a hom 2S lo 4l 1.111
lnlqlh
'11 • '
.t\ \ J,J "'THEil IS NO ffRCTTVf DIUG lltEIAPT
Idll~
s,auacnlcmcinslwo
4 tpOfOmht taet,
di,:~,.:.~
,_.J ..... ~.
)I
j
ii
_ _
- --- - - - - - --

-- - - - -- - - - ·- - - -- - - - -
• INTUTlNAl SPOIOlOA IIITUTIW SPOlOlOA

INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
Cyclospora cayetanensis
- . INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
lsospora belll

MOT: hoult, i,ge1li0I, ol balih. .-peai, t ~ LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

IIIHCUl,AawbeiriH

· Humans en h rriy hott for C. c ~

trlti~ ~ is made by riildng h lypical
oocysts II fecal ipecimem s.rologic teth
en nol a,cikmle.
·. l ' ~~
. lkri>loody claihea
. \l DicvlOlif:
Exammion c1 l1aiwd 1eca1 ,nwcn: '-
,. ',\

cnl en I lo 10 um II ciamettf ' ~•

;~
=================-=.,,======:-
=.cdod
:...:
oocys15
==
~= .=~ac=
w1=ai •=
:,::
=mn=·==::JI l ==============·::..:,·=-t•=======
:,,,,...,
=ft<im
==1e1=
x=ol=
~~=·=•=islri=me1ti
::::::::
1op1~im=,.==::J
, u
=

IIITU1IIA1 SPOIOlOA

INTESTINAL SPOROZOA
Cyclospora cayet<l'lensls
MOT: hoult, lngetlic,r, olbalih. --,.ca.
..-scbl. . . . . .
· " ' - en h rriy hotl lo, C. cayeble.,lis

lrNclonscaaed
. Nortioodr dcma
~

TIEA1M811: Exannilon da,edt.cal -

. . oocysts .. .., .....
The ti.aliw,l ol choice ii ~i,al,cpi 11 modltd ~ ·, ocofailslain
..analhoxcaole. and en 8 lo to um ii clamellf