Experiment 1-Tensile Test - Deformation (Engineering) - PDF

10/18/2019 Experiment 1-Tensile Test | Deformation (Engineering) | Strength Of Materials
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Experiment 1-Tensile Test
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MEC 291 : Mechanics and materials lab
EXPERIMENT 1
TENSILE TEST
1.0 Objective
i. To obtain a general understanding of how different materials

behave under uniaxial tensile loading.
ii. To determine the stress-strain relationship and compare m
properties of various materials and cross section.
iii. To obtain the mechanical properties: the modulus of elasticity, t
ultimate stress, the fracture stress and the ductility ratio.
2.0 Introduction
The tensile test is the most commonly performed and is the simplest
mechanical tests. In this experiment, a specimen is subjected to a gradually
load until failure occurs. The typical testing procedure is to deform or stretc
constant speed. A circular and rectangular cross section will be use as tested
made of steel and copper or aluminum. The load-deformation data is re
experiment so this data can be plotted once the procedure is complete. The
how to properly conduct a tensile test and obtain the relevant material p
https://www.scribd.com/document/253129861/Experiment-1-Tensile-Test 1/13
how to properly conduct a tensile test and obtain the relevant material p
results. Further, the student will discover how different materials as well
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section behave under similar loadingconditions.  
3.0 Background
Mechanical testing play an important role in evaluating fundamental proper
materials (i.e: modulus of elasticity, Poisson`s ratio, ultimate strength, yield
strength, resilience, toughness, % reduction in area, and % elongation) as we
new materials and in controlling the quality of materials for use in design
Hardness Test Lab Most
Tensile Testof these ME2113-1
Lab engineering
Lab values areTest
Tensile found
Lab by graphing
Experimentthe5 - stress and Test
Tensile strain
Labv
Report.pdf A number ofReport…
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Tensile Test for mechanical
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materials subjected to tension, compression, bending and torsion loading.
Ductile materials will neck down through the plastic range before rupture (
materials do not neck down significantly (Figure 1b). Instead they fail sharp
the maximum load because brittle materials do not exhibit much plasticity.
a) Failure of ductile material b) Failure of brittle m
Figure 1: Typical of failure of materials
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When a specimen is loaded so that the resultant force passes through th

specimen cross section, the loading is called as axial and can be either tensi
Hardness Test Lab Tensile Test Lab ME2113-1 Lab Tensile Test Lab Experiment 5 - Tensile Test Lab
Report.pdf
The test measures
Report Report…
force and Report(3)
change of length of the specimen
Tensile Test
which are
Report
nominal stress and nominal
nominal strain. The term nominal (or engineering) is us
the stress is based on the original test specimen cross section area and the str
original gage length as shown in Figure 4. Stress is a measure of the inten
force. Stress is defined as the force P per unit area A:
P 2
Stress, σ = (SI unit; N/m )
A

Strain is a measure of the deformation that has occurred in a material. In t
magnitude of deformation is the same over the entire length of a body, strain i
−
Strain, ε =
L f Lo (m/m-i.e. dimensionless)
Lo
where: L o = the initial length

L f = final length
A typical stress-strain diagram from a tensile test for structural steel is show
particular properties are designated on the Figure
Figure 2 and are described as belo
belo
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1. Young`s Modulus (Modulus of elasticity), E
Young`s Modulus is the ratio
Uploadof your
stressdocuments
to strain fortothe initial straight line po
download.
strain curve (slope of the straight line). Determined by:
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σ p
Ε=
ε p
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where: σ p = proportional limit stress
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ε p = proportional limit strain

2. Proportional limit Continue for Free
Proportional limit is the value of engineering stress (the load is divided by
sectional area) at the
t he point where the straight-line portion of the stress-strain c
3 Yield point
3. Yield point
Yield point is a point on the stress-strain curve, after which there is a sign
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strain with little or no increase 
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in stress. The corresponding stress is
strength/Stress of the material. For materials that do not possess well-defined
method” is used to determine it.
4. Elastic limit
Elastic limit is the value of stress on the stress-strain curve after which the
plastically (maximum stress for which stress
stress will be directly proportional to s
Hardness Test Lab 5. Ultimate

Tensile Test Lab strength
ME2113-1 Lab Tensile Test Lab Experiment 5 - Tensile Test Lab
Report.pdf Ultimate strength
Report is the
Report… highest value of apparent
Report(3) Tensile stress
Test on the stress-strai
Report
known as the tensile (or compressive) strength.
6. Fracture strength
Fracture strength is the value of stress at the point of final fracture on the stres
7. Percent elongation
Percent elongation is the measure of the deformation at the point of final fra
by:
L f Lo
−
%elongation = x100
Lo
8. Percent reduction of area
Percent reduction of area is the measure of the fracture ductility. Determined b
% RA = A A f x100

o −
Ao
where; A f = the final cross-sectional area at the location of fr
A 0 = the initial cross-sectional area

9. Ductility
Ductility is the characteristic of a material where the material can und
10/18/2019
yExperiment 1-Tensile Test | Deformation (Engineering) | Strength Of Materials
deformations before fracture, especially in tension. Ductility of material
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ductility ratio;   
ductility, µ = ε u

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where; εu = the ultimate strain
ε y = the yield strain
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Figure 2: A typical stress-strain diagram for a ductile mater

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4.0 Apparatus
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Universal testing machine, vernier caliper, steel ruler, two or three test specimens (steel,
aluminum and brass)
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Figure 3: Universal testing machine

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a Un
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s ecimen
Figure 4: A typical tensile test specimen
5.0 Brief Procedure Continue for Free

1. Measure the dimensions of the each test specimen before and after test and fi
table 1. Mark the gauge length on the test specimen.
2. Switch on the machine.
3. Mount the test specimen in the grips of the machine.
4. Apply and record load and the corresponding deformation
5. Repeat steps (1) to (4) for various type of the test specimen.
Note:
Important!! Step by step procedure to run the machine and experiments should be follo
instructions as stated on the machine.
8
6.0 Result
1. The experimental data should be filled or can be printed from the machine.
2. Complete the tables as provided in the worksheet by using the appropriate eq
and experimental data. Find the reference values for the tested material of the sp
3. Plot the graph of load versus deformation and stress versus strain with suitabl
for each tested specimen. (Stress on Y axis and Strain on X axis). Mark and la
elastic limit, upper yield point, lower yield point, yield stress, ultimate str
fracture stress on curve.
4. Plot 0.2% offset line on the graph so that 0.2% offset yield stress can be determin
5. Calculate the slope of the graph on the elastic limit region which is Mod
Elasticity.
6. Sketch the final condition of the specimen and showing the location of failure.
7.0 Discussion
1. Compare and discuss the results in table 4 to reference values and comment
possible reasons for discrepancies
discrepancies obtained for a tested specimen.
2. Compare and discuss the similarities and differences in mechanical/material pr
for the materials tested.
3. Distinguish between yield point and yield strength on a stress-strain curve. Whi
the more accurate indication of a material`s fitness for a particular tensile applica
4 Di i i hb
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4. Distinguish between the proportional limit and the elastic limit for each material
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more important indicator of a material`s mechanical behaviour?
  
5. What are the advantages of stress-strain diagram over a load-deformation diag
showing the results of a test?
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MEC 291 : Mechanics and materials lab

i. To obtain a general understanding of how different materials

a) Failure of ductile material b) Failure of brittle m

Figure 1: Typical of failure of materials

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 2-7) by

Continue for Free

Download 1 of 7  Search document 

When a specimen is loaded so that the resultant force passes through th

where: L o = the initial length

Hardness Test Lab 5. Ultimate

MEC 291 : Mechanics and materials lab

% RA = A A f x100

ductility, µ = ε u

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Figure 2: A typical stress-strain diagram for a ductile mater

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Figure 3: Universal testing machine

5.0 Brief Procedure Continue for Free

MEC 291 : Mechanics and materials lab

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