VETERINARY ACUPUNCTURE: CRIB #1

(mirrored from the pages of Janne Potter DVM, Vancouver, Canada)

This is Crib Page #1. Other study aids include Crib Sheets, Crib #2, Printer Points, IVAS Points and Acupoint descriptions and charts (Equine , Bovine and Canine).

This page has notes on :

The FIVE ELEMENTS

The EIGHT PRINCIPLES

THE FIVE ELEMENTS

1...for DIAGNOSIS
The 5 Elements, although often too rigid to accurately describe all physiological functions, are a very useful aid when determining a diagnosis based on TCM . The Element Correspondences can be utilized to assess
the health of a patient. An example would be the appearance of bloodshot eyes along with an angry temperament reflecting an underlying Liver Excess or Stagnation of Liver Qi. Careful analysis of a patient's overall
appearance and constitution is required to reach an accurate TCM diagnosis.

The following chart illustrates some of the Elemental Correspondences.

 2...for TREATMENT
Specific points on each meridian, the Transporting Points, correspond to each of the 5 Elements.

LU LI ST SP HT SI BL KI PC TH GB LIV
WOOD 11 3 43 1 9 3 65 1 9 3 41 1
FIRE 10 5 41 2 8 5 60 2 8 6 38 2
EARTH 9 11 36 3 7 8 40 3 7 10 34 3
METAL 8 1 45 5 4 1 67 7 5 1 44 4
WATER 5 2 44 9 3 2 66 10 3 2 43 8

These very important , very useful , points are seen on the Bubble Chart ...
I. TREATMENT using the SHENG (CREATION) CYCLE:
These points, the Transporting Points, are used clinically in the Sheng (Creation) Cycle according to the "Mother-Son Law". The Mother Point is before, and the Son Point after , the Horary Point.

The "Mother-Son Law" states:

In a Deficiency condition ->-> Tonify the Mother

In an Excess condition ->-> Sedate the Son

II. TREATMENT using the KO (CONTROL) CYCLE:

The sedation/tonification principle of the Ko Cycle utilizes (goes back to) the Grandparent.

In a Deficiency condition ->-> Sedate the Grandparent

 In an Excess condition ->-> Tonify the Grandparent

III. TREATMENT using both the SHENG & KO CYCLES:

In a Deficiency condition->->Tonify the Mother & Sedate the Grandparent

In an Excess Condition->-> Sedate the Son & Tonify the Grandparent

IV. TREATMENT using SHENG & KO CYCLES + the HORARY POINT:

This is also called the "4 NEEDLE TECHNIQUE".

The Horary Point is the point on a meridian that is the same Element as the meridian (ST 36 is an Earth Point on an Earth Meridian). Horary points have the ability to amplify the energy of the meridian, especially
during the meridian's period of peak energy.

In a Deficiency:
(i)Horary Point of Mother meridian
(a )Activate the SHENG CYCLE
(ii )Mother Point on affected meridian (Tonification Point)
(iii)Horary Point of Grandparent
(b)Shut down the KO CYCLE
(iv)Grandparent Point on affected meridian

Example: KI Deficiency...

LU 8
Tonify
KI 7
SP 3
Sedate
KI 3

In an Excess :
(i)Horary Point of Grandparent
(a )Activate the KO CYCLE
(ii )Grandparent Point of affected meridian
(iii)Horary Point of Son
(b)Shut down the SHENG CYCLE
(iv)Son Point on affected meridian (Sedation Point)

Example: SP Excess

LIV 1
Tonify
SP 1
LU 8
Sedate
SP 5

V. TREATMENT using the 5 TRANSPORTING POINTS:

Each of the 5 Transporting Points on a meridian can be used to expel the correlated Pathogenic Factor. To expel a Pathogenic factor the appropriate point is sedated.
Points to Expel External Pathogenic Factors:

WATER Cold
WOOD Wind
FIRE Heat
EARTH Damp
METAL Dryness

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THE EIGHT PRINCIPLES

The 8 Principles is a method of classifying disharmony/symptoms as a basis for diagnosis and treatment. Although different in approach from the 5 elements they are not exclusive of one another and the treatment
points for each situation frequently overlap.

The basic patterns are based on the balances of:

Yin/Yang

Hot/Cold

Excess /Deficiency

Interior/Exterior
 This system is based on Yin and Yang as applied to the Location (Interior/Exterior), Quality (Hot/Cold) and Quantity (Excess /Deficiency) of the disease factor.

I: (A) YANG causes are due to Exogenous Pathogenic Factors (ExPF)

Wind
Heat
-6 "climatic factors"
Dryness
Dampness
Cold
Summer -Heat
-infective factors of rapid onset & high morbidity
-parasites bites. .insect/animal
-bites ..insect/animal
-traumatic injury
-poor posture

I: (B) YIN causes are due to Endogenous Pathogenic Factors (EnPF)

Joy
Anger
Melancholy/sadness
-7 "emotional extremes" Meditation/Pensiveness
Grief/Sorrow
Fear
Fright
-inadequate diet &/or improper eating habits
-insufficient rest &/or overactivity
-insufficient exercise
-poor constitution
endogenous Wind, damp or Fire
Qi Stasis
-pathological products such as: Blood Stasis
Fluid Accumulation
Food accumulation

II: LOCATION... Exterior/Interior Exterior/Interior...reveals the location or depth of the problem.

Exterior Patterns..when the disease factor is located at the depth of the Exterior structures. (Channels/Collaterals = Jingluo)

-invasion of the superficial body by one of the 6 ExPF

Caused by : -trauma->Qi/Blood stagnation in the Jingluo
-Organ disorder ->Jingluo disorder

Interior Patterns...when the disease factor is located at the depth of the Interior structures. (Organs)

-transmission of an ExPF from the Exterior->Interior

Caused by : -direct attack on an organ by an ExPF
-Organ disorder due to a Yin cause
III: QUALITY..Hot/Cold...reveals the quality or nature of the problem.

Hot -> Expand ..moves upward & outward.

It: -moves Qi & Blood rapidly

-consumes Yin fluids

-stirs up Wind

-consumes Yin Qi

-disturbs Yin functions of cooling , moistening, nourishing & providing rest

Due to: -invasion of a Yang ExPF (Wind,Heat ,Dryness ,Summer-Heat) or an Infective factor
Cold->Heat
-the transformation in the body of a Yin pathogenic factor
Damp->Damp-Heat
-Yin insufficiency & realtive Yang excess OR
-internal disfunction of an Organ ->->
-endogenous production of heat or Damp-Heat
Cold -> Contract

It: -moves Qi & Blood slowly & tends to stagnate

-depresses the Yang functions of warming, moving, transforming, holding & protecting

Due to: -invasion of a Yin ExPF ( Cold or Damp)

-Yang insufficiency & relatine Yin excess OR
-internal disfunction of an Organ->->
-endogenous production of cold or Cold-Damp

IV: QUANTITY.. Excess /Deficiency..reveals the quantity/strength of the disease or pathogenic factor relative to the antipathogenic factor.

Excess...

Due to: -a relatively strong antipathogenic factor (APF) battling a strong pathogenic factor ( PF)

-an accumulation of Fundamental Substance (FS) ..Qi Stasis, Blood Stasis, Phlegm

-Organ dysfunction-> presence of Pathological Product (PP).. Fire, Damp, Food Accumul 'n

-a hyperactive Organ

Deficiency...

Due to: -a weak antipathogenic factor (APF)( compromised)

-Qi Deficiency
-Blood Deficiency

-an insufficient amount of Fundamental -Body Fluid Deficiency

Substance ( FS) -Jing Deficiency
-Shen Deficiency
-Poor Shen

-a hypoactive Organ
 [up]

SIGNS (SYMPTOMS) help depict the 8 PRINCIPLE PATTERNS

LOCATION:

EXTERIOR INTERIOR

-acute onset -chronic/recurrent onset

-mild symptoms -severe symptoms
-fever & chills -high fever
-aversion to cold or wind -no aversion to cold or wind
-head & body aches -changes in stool
-nasal congestion -changes in urine

Pulse: normal Pulse: deep

Tongue proper : no change Tongue proper: changes
Tongue coat: minimmal change Tongue coat: changes

QUALITY:

HOT COLD

-fever -chills & cold limbs

-aversion to heat -aversion to cold
-*perspiration -no perspiration
-discomfort increased with heat -discomfort increased by cold
-discomfort decreased by cold -discomfort decreased by heat
-dry mouth + thirst -*no thirst
-dry stools -watery stools
-scanty dark urine -lots of clear urine

Pulse: rapid Pulse: slow or tight

Tongue proper : red Tongue proper: pale
Tongue coat: dry yellow Tongue coat: moist white

QUANTITY:
 EXCESS DEFICIENCY

-often acute -often chronic

-loud voice -weak voice
-heavy breathing -weak breathing
-heavy movement -weak/nonforceful movement
-*discomfort increased by pressure -discomfort decreased by pressure

Pulse: forceful Pulse: weak

Tongue coat: thick Tongue coat: none or thin

COMBINATIONS:

EXTERIOR COLD INTERIOR COLD

-acute onset -chronic onset

-chills + slight fever -chills,cold limbs + no fever
-*no perspiration -spontaneous daytime sweating
-head & body aches -abdominal pain better with warmth
-stools normal -stools watery
-urine normal -urine copious & clear

Pulse: superficial & tight Pulse: deep, slow or tight

Tongue proper : normal Tongue proper: pale
Tongue coat: thin, white, moist Tongue coat: white moist
 EXTERIOR HOT INTERIOR HOT

-fever + slight chills -high fever

-aversion to wind -no wind aversion
-*slight perspiration -*perspiration
-sore throat -restlessness
-slight thirst -*thirst
-urine normal -urine scant & dark

Pulse: superficial & tight Pulse: deep rapid

Tongue proper : normal Tongue proper: red
Tongue coat: thin, white, moist Tongue coat: dry yellow

EXTERIOR EXCESS INTERIOR EXCESS

-as per Exterior Cold BUT..... -loud voice

-*no perspiration -heavy breathing
-discomfort worse with pressure

*Pulse: superficial & forceful Pulse: deep & forceful

Tongue coat: thin, white, moist Tongue coat: thick

EXTERIOR DEFICIENCY INTERIOR DEFICIENCY

-*mild perspiration -weak voice

-weak breathing
-discomfort better with pressure

*Pulse: superficial & relaxed Pulse: weak

Tongue proper : flaccid Tongue proper: flaccid
Tongue coat: none or thin Tongue coat: thin or none

HOT EXCESS *HOT DEFICIENCY = YIN DEFICIENCY

-high fever -afternoon fever

-entire body red & hot -malar flush
-discomfort better with cold -"5 hearts hot"..palms/soles hot
-discomfort worse with heat & pressure
-forceful, rapid movement -weak rapid movement
-restless, delerium -restlessness/insomnia
-*perspiration -*night-time perspiration
-urine dark & scanty -urine dark & scanty
-stools dry -stools dry

Pulse: rapid & forceful Pulse: rapid, weak, thin

Tongue proper : dark red Tongue proper: red
Tongue coat: thick yellow Tongue coat:thin yellow->none

COLD EXCESS *COLD DEFICIENCY = YANG DEFICIENCY

-chills & cold limbs -chills 7 cold limbs

-aversion to cold
-discomfort better with warmth
-discomfort WORSE with pressure
-forceful, slow movement
-*no perspiration
-urine copious & clear
-stools watery
-aversion to cold
-discomfort better with warmth
-discomfort BETTER with pressure
-lassitude, sleeps a lot
-*spontaneous perspiration in day
-urine dark & scanty
-stools dry

Pulse: slow & forceful Pulse: slow weak

Tongue proper : pale Tongue proper: pale
Tongue coat: thick white Tongue coat: thin white

COLLAPSE of YIN COLLAPSE of YANG

-flushed face -pale face

-hot hands & feet -cold hands & feet
-aversion to heat -aversion to cold
-restless..no rest -listless
-*thirst + prefers cold drink -*thirst + prefers for warm drink
-perspiration sticky & warm -perspiration cold & profuse
 -rapid respiration -slow respiration

Pulse: slow & forceful Pulse: thin slow

Tongue proper : pale Tongue proper: pale
Tongue coat: thick white Tongue coat: moist thin

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EIGHT PRINCIPLES & TREATMENT

I: FUNDAMENTAL SUBSTANCES

Most YANG Most Yin

Shen Qi Body Fluids Jing Blood

YANG = function YIN = substance

Special Empirical Channel

Signs
Theories Points Theory

Pts to
-pale,lethargic,weak pulse,dizzy benefit SP-
> make Qi ST 36

-poor appetite SP 2 -mother

SP 6 -3 Yin
Qi Deficiency -spontaneous sweating SP 3 -Source cross
CV 6
-frequent colds BL 20 -Shu
LIV 13-Mu
-shortness of breath CV 17
CV 17- IP Qi

-dizzy/vertigo
Pts to GV 20
-abd. distention benefit Qi
Qi Collapse
-chronic diarr. Pts for
as above specific
-visceral prolapse symptoms
 Pts to
-Qi defic. signs+ benefit Qi GV 4 GV 14-6
Yang cross
-worse severity+ + MOXA
GV 14
Yang Deficiency KI 7
Pts to GV 20 -
KI 3
-cold signs benefit head Yang
KI : BL GV 20 cross
23

-listless, cold, pale

CV4 MOXA
-profuse cold sweat
CV 6 MOXA Pts on GV
-weak Pts to
channel as
Yang Collapse benefit Yang
-cold aversion it governs
in general Yang QI
CV 8 MOXA
-prefers warm drinks

Pts to
-pale, depressed, insomnia, dizzy benefit Qi St 36

Pts to
Blood Deficiency -dry stool, skin, mouth, hair,stools benefit SP BL 17
Pts to
benefit KI
-thin body , pulse BL 20
BL 17

Blood Exhaustion -pale, faint, unconscious Pts to ST 36

benefit Qi & MOXA
Yang
-*very thirsty
Pts to
GV 20
benefit
-thin,weak pulse Blood MOXA

Pts to
-dry, thirsty benefit
Blood

Pts to
-pale
Body Fluid Deficiency benefit Yin
Pts to
benefit ST
-hot
( origin of
Fluids )

BL
-night sweats
18
Pts to Sp 6 - 3 Yin
benefit BL
-dry body, scant urine SP 6
Yin 20
Organs
BL CV 4 - 3 Yin
Yin Deficiency -"5 Hearts Hot" 23 +CV

-irritable, insomnia, restless

Pts to Ht 6 -Yind
CV 4
benefit KI Crevice
-thin body
 -malar flush Pts to
resusscitate :
-rapid, thin pulse
-restless.. no rest KI 1
Yin Collapse
-prefers cold drinks GV 26

-warm sticky sweat PC 9

Pts to
benefit KI CV4
CHILD :growth redtardation, slow maturity, poor dentition
Pts to
benefit SP CV 6
Jing Deficiency
GB 39-IP
Marrow
ADULT : mental slowness, premature senility, infertility GV 4
BL 11-IP
Bone

-unconsciousness SP 6 BL 62 -
-psychosis Qiao
Pts to
HT 7
Poor Shen -incoherent speech benefit the
Heart
-sleep disturbances SI 3 -GV
PC 6
-muddled thought
Pseudo- Shen *occurs during severe illness, patient suddenly becomes alert for a short time, "the last flicker of the candle"

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II: PATHOGENIC FACTORS & PATHOLOGICAL PRODUCTS

I : WIND

upward & outward Special Empirical Channel

characteristics: Sudden onset /Rapid changes Movement
dispersion Theories Points Theory

*affects upper body

*affects LU

*affects the skin

-fever
-facial paralysis
-wind/cold aversion
*LU points
-sneeze/cough /runny LU7 , LU 9,
nose LI4 , BL12,
External Wind + -migrating joint pain as is the 1st BL13, TH5,
Organ GB20 ,
-itchy throat attacked by GV14,GV16
Wind
-itchy skin
-stiffness
P: superficial
 -basic Wind sypmtoms
+

-chills/slight fever -facial paralysis

-no perspiration
External Wind-Cold + as above as above
-body aches

-itchy *pale rash -stiff & painful joints

P: superficial & tight

-stiff
-basic Wind sypmtoms
+ -painful
-joints
-red
-fever/slight chills
-sore LU10, LU11,
LI1, LI 4,
External Wind-Heat + *LU points
-perspiration LI11, TH5 ,
GB20, GV14
-sore throat

-itchy *red rash

P: superficial & rapid

-fever & chills

-body aches

-heavy sensation -points for

External Wind-Damp -points for
+ -stiffness , pain & swelling Wind &
-itchy/*weepy rash Wind & Damp Damp

P: superficial &
slippery

-facial paralysis
-headache *LIV points
BL18,
-tremors
GB20,
Internal Wind + -endogenous
-tics LIV2 ,
Wind affects LIV3 , GV 20
-vertigo the Liver
-convulsions

II: DAMP

Special Empirical Channel

characteristics: stagnation/heaviness turbidity sitckiness
Theories Points Theory
 -head/body /limb -cloudy urine *SP points
heaviness -sticky mouth
SP
-mucusy stools transforms
damp
SP3 , SP 6,
*sudden SP9 , BL 20,
External Damp -chest/abdomen fullness -purulent leukorrhea -sticky discharges BL21, BL23 ,
onset LIV13, CV6 ,
CV12
-oozing sores *Shu Stream
points ->
-sticky *tongue coat dispel/
-joint pain & heavy
transform
sensation -weeping rashes
Damp

*gradual for Internal

Damp ->
Internal Damp -as above -as above -as above as above
benefit Sp
onset T&T

III :HEAT

Rapid
Consumption of YIN
Expansion movement of
fluids
QI & Blood

Special Empirical Channel

characteristics:
Disturbance of YIN Theories Points Theory
functions of cooling ,
Sirring up of
Upward & Outward Movement moistening,
nourishing & Wind
providing rest

External Heat
-perspiration -fever/slight chills
*sudden onset P: rapid & as Wind-
as Wind -Heat
superficial Heat
-rash -slight thirst
like Wind-Heat

-++fever/no chills
P: rapid
-++thirst
Internal Heat/Fire( Xs) -++perspiration
-dry mouth *Tx Organ
affected by
-dizziness*
-dry stool Fire

-irritable *Spring
-convulsions * points ->
-insomnia dispel/clear
*gradual onset -red/purple rash with bleeding Fire
-delerium *due to Heat
stirring up
T: yellow coat Wind
 -suppurating sores
-afternoon fever
Damp Heat

-thirst with no desire

-irritated rashes to drink P: rapid & *Tx Organ LI 11, GV14,
affected by
internal(gradual) slippery GV26
Damp-Heat
-stool/urine foul
smelling

external(sudden) -painful/red /stiff joints T: sticky yellow coat

IVa :QI STASIS

Special Empirical Channel

characteristics: pain lumps/masses other signs
Theories Points Theory

-depression
-soft,mobile, poorly-
-soreness/distentions -moodiness
defined
*Tx LIV -local &
LIV2 , LIV3 ,
-*sighing points to distal points
GB34 , LIV 14,
maintain on affected
BL18
P: wiry flow of Qi channel
-often in breast/
come & go and shift location
abdomen
T: purple

Special Empirical Channel

IVb:BLOOD STASIS Theories Points Theory

-purple face &

lips
-hard,well defined
-sharp/stabbing pain *Tx LIV
immobile, fixed masses -purple rash
points-
>move Qi-
-bleeding w/ >move Blood -local &
dark purple
progression of Qi Stasis BL17, SP 10, distal points
clots
(more severe) *Tx HT SP8 on affected
points -> channel
P: choppy benefit Ht
-including Organ controlling
-constant & fixed location enlargement Blood
T: dark purple
w/ dark spots

V :COLD BLOOD

Special Empirical Channel

pain other signs
Theories Points Theory
 -*amenorrehea
Cold "contracts " & -pain: sharp/stabbing, constant, -pale face
"stagnates" Blood fixed
-chills/cold skin *Tx points to
local points
disperse Blood none
-better w / warmth with MOXA
Stasis

Uterus is often affected -severe dysmenorhea P: slow or tight

T: pale/pale purple

Special Empirical Channel

VI:HOT BLOOD Theories Points Theory

Hot "moves Qi & Blood -red/dark red

rapidly" bleeding & rashes

-abnormal uterine
bleeding

-red face

-fever/warm skin
*Tx points to
Hot disturbs YIN function -restlessness dispel/clear
Heat SP10, BL40 ,
of cooling , moistening , PC3 , PC9
nourishing & providing rest. -hematemesis
Spring points
-heamaturia

P: rapid

T: red /dry

VII :FOOD
ACCUMULATION

-leads to disturbance of ST disturbs ST /SP T&T Special Empirical Channel

disturbs ST descending function other signs
function function Theories Points Theory

-nausea -sudden loss of

appetite
-vomiting P: slippery
-distending abdominal/
epigastric pain
*ST points ST21, ST25 , local points
-belching/burping to benefit ST37 , ST 44, over
descending LIV13, LIV 14, abdomen &
-pain less with
belching, vomiting, & T&T CV12 epigastrum
bowel movement
-hiccups T: thick/
sticky coat
-awful smelling
-acid regurgitation flatulence

VIII:FLUID Empirical Channel

Special Theories
ACCUMULATION Points Theory
 LU : Facial & upper extremity edema

SP /ST: abdominaledema/ *Lu/SP/KI points ->

ascites ,boborygmi, watery stool, benefit Body Fluid none local points
*vomiting watery fluid after drinking metabolism

KI : lower extremity edema

Special Empirical Channel

IX :PHLEGM Theories Points Theory

Similar to Damp.
It stagnates & is Insubstantial Phlegm
Substantial Phlegm *(visible)
characterized by : *(invisible)

-heaviness

-turbidity /stickiness

P: slippery

T: sticky coat

-cough w / watery phlegm -stuffy chest

LU Phlegm-Cold
-other Cold signs -dypsnea

-cough w / yellow sticky phlegm -stuffy chest

LU Phlegm-Heat
-other Heat signs -dypsnea

-cough with profuse white watery -stuffy chest

phlegm
LU Phlegm-Damp
-no Cold signs -dypsnea

Subcutaneous Phlegm -soft, well defined , mobile lumps

ST40 all
-bony deformations w / chronic *Tx SP points- Phlegm
arthritis >benefit T&T
of Body Fluids
Joint Phlegm LU9 , CV22
-Qi Stasis ->Fluid Accumulation- for
*Tx HT points substantial
> Phlegm & bony deformation . -> benefit Phlegm
housing of
-limb numbness Shen (re
insubstantial PC5 for
Phlegm in Channels -hemiplegia Phlegm) insubstantial
Phlegm
-facial paralysis

HT Phlegm- Cold -rattling sound in throat -mental confusion

-letargy/stupor

-muttering

-unconsciousness

-mental confusion

-restlessness

-violent behavior

HT Phlegm- Heat -rattling sound in throat uncontrolled laughter/

crying

-muttering

-insomnia

-feeling of "lump in
throat"
Qi Phlem (Plum-pit)
-trouble swallowing

[up]

Next to come . ....8 principles as applied to Zang -FU Pathology with appropriate treatment points .... .