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Born in Leribe, Jonathan was a minor chief, like many others a great-grandson of the
polygamous King Moshoeshoe I.
Jonathan worked as a mine induna at Brakpan but because he was a chief he went back to
Rakolo's and got involved in local government in Basutoland from 1937 and was a member of
delegations to London that sought self-government in Basutoland.
State of emergency[edit]
Early results of the first post-independence elections in January 1970 indicated that the Basotho
National Party (BNP) might lose control. Under the leadership of Prime Minister Chief Leabua
Jonathan, the ruling BNP refused to cede power to the rival Basotholand Congress Party (BCP),
although the BCP was widely believed to have won the elections. Citing election irregularities,
Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan nullified the elections, declared a national state of emergency,
suspended the constitution, and dissolved the Parliament. In 1973, an appointed Interim National
Assembly was established. With an overwhelming progovernment majority, it was largely the
instrument of the BNP, led by Prime Minister Jonathan. In addition to the Jonathan regime's
alienation of Basotho powerbrokers and the local population, South Africa had virtually closed the
country's land borders because of Lesotho support of cross-border operations of the African
National Congress (ANC). Moreover, South Africa publicly threatened to pursue more direct
action against Lesotho if the Jonathan government did not root out the ANC presence in the
country. This internal and external opposition to the government combined to produce violence
and internal disorder in Lesotho that eventually led to a military takeover in 1986.
Under a January 1986 Military Council decree, state executive and legislative powers were
transferred to the King who was to act on the advice of the Military Council, a self-appointed
group of leaders of the Royal Lesotho Defense Force (RLDF). A military government chaired by
Justin Lekhanya ruled Lesotho in coordination with King Moshoeshoe II and a civilian cabinet
appointed by the King.
In February 1990, King Moshoeshoe II was stripped of his executive and legislative powers and
exiled by Lekhanya, and the Council of Ministers was purged. Lekhanya accused those involved
of undermining discipline within the armed forces, subverting existing authority, and causing an
impasse on foreign policy that had been damaging to Lesotho's image abroad. Lekhanya
announced the establishment of the National Constituent Assembly to formulate a new
constitution for Lesotho with the aim of returning the country to democratic, civilian rule by June
1992. Before this transition, however, Lekhanya was ousted in 1991 by a mutiny of junior army
officers that left Phisoane Ramaema as Chairman of the Military Council.