GENERAL STUDIES

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

Submitted for

All India Senior Secondary Certificate Examination

(CBSE, New Delhi)

2019-20

TOPIC : ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL

DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA
DONE BY : ALEENA ZERIN V W

CLASS: XII SECTION: A

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those who have provided
guidance and assistance for the successful completion of this project. I would like to first thank
my school, St. John’s Public School, for providing us with an environment to explore and gain
knowledge on the topic, economic and social development of India.

I respect and thank the correspondent, Dr. R. Kishore Kumar, for his constant encouragement
and for providing excellent facility for our academic endeavor

I would like to extend my gratitude to Mrs. Shanthi Samuel, the principal, for her continual
guidance and support.

I would like to express my special thanks to the teachers incharge for General studies
Mrs. Abhilasha (Health Officer ) and Mrs. Priya Lelith (Student Councellor)who assisted us
through our research and project, their valuable guidance, suggestions and instructions served as
a major contribution towards the completion of the project. Last but not the least, I would like to
show gratitude to my parents and would like to thanks them for their immense support and help
towards my project .

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INDEX:

TOPICS PAGE NUMBER

Introduction 4

India’s resource consumption 5

Industrial output 5

India’s GDP rate 6

Our Agricultural sector 7

Indian economy 7

Progress and development in education 9

References 10

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INTRODUCTION

The Land of Agriculture, where spices, cotton, wheat, grains, opium, coconut etc. burst out of the
fertile soils across the ‘Bharatiya’ land. A land of cultural and heritage site that earns through
tourism parallel to which has pictures its landscape the infamous Taj Mahal – one of the seven
wonders of the world. But, they all seem to be bedtime stories. The tales that were recited by Our
grandfathers. All that our generation could offer the next is more tales of our forefather and how
India looked before. The state that we are in now is miles away from the reach to betterment,
which can be resolved but with unity.

The causes are well known to us and of course, forgotten. They were the lessons studied, written
in the exams and forgotten during our high school in our Geography and Economics Text books.
Every lesson has its own purpose, the way resources are to humans. But the state that we live
have less of human resources than how much humans use resources. Most of the today’s youth
desire to pursue his degree and work abroad due to the present condition of our nation. It is well
known that corruption is one root cause, but a debate on that can never end, because it will all
end up only blaming others. There is not point in blaming when we can’t do that ourselves.

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INDIA’S RESOURCE CONSUMPTION :

India is blessed with abundant resources, but the way we take to exploit has taken us to a
downfall. Resources are like restaurants along the roads. They are open to everybody and can be
consumed by anybody, but you got to pay the price for it. India’s per capita energy consumption
is about one third of the global average. The release by The Ministry of Statistics and Program
Implementation has revealed that an average growth rate of Gross State Domestic Product
(GSDP) during 2005-15 for all states was around 7-8%. Eleven states registered a decline in their
natural capital while 13 states showed a marginal growth in the range of 0-5% , just 3 states saw
the natural capital rise by more than 5%. The model of economic growth may not let the country
sustain the rate of development for long.

INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT :

India has established several entrepreneurial business company, like the TATA, JIO etc. Owing
the credits to the Industrial revolution and the British colonization, it has to be appreciated that if
it were not for them, India would not have the abundant knowledge of trading and business skills
as today. Industrial growth shank 1.1%in August after a gap of 26 months, reinforcing fears of a
slowing economy and deteriorating consumer sentiment. Industrial production as measured by
the Index of Industrial Production had grown 4.8% August last year. Data released by the
statistics office showed April-August factory output growth at 2.4% well below 5.3% for the
same period in the last fiscal.

“IIP growth has been lowest in last 81 months and first contraction after June 2017,” said
Devendra Kumar Pant, chief economist, India Ratings. In all, 15 out of 23 industry groups
reported positive growth showed April-August factory output growth at 2.4% well below 5.3%

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for the same period in the last fiscal. “IIP growth has been lowest in last 81 months and first
contraction after June 2017,” said Devendra Kumar Pant, chief economist, India Ratings.
In all, 15 out of 23 industry groups reported positive growth..
Two of the three key constituents of IIP--manufacturing and and electricity .

INDIA’S GDP RATE

Though, the Gross Domestic Product have been learnt in our 9th and 10th grades, we have not
much pondered GDP stands for "Gross Domestic Product" and represents the total monetary
value of all final goods and services produced (and sold on the market) within a country during a
period of time (typically 1 year). GDP is the most commonly used measure of economic activity.
about the meaning of gross.

India's economic growth is "much weaker" than expected, according to the IMF, which attributed
it to the corporate and environmental regulatory uncertainty and lingering weaknesses in some
non-bank financial companies. India's GDP growth rate slipped to 5 per cent in the first quarter
of 2019-20, the lowest in over six years, according to latest official data.The International
Monetary Fund (IMF) in July projected a slower growth rate for India in 2019 and 2020, a
downward revision of 0.3 per cent for both the years, saying its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
will now grow respectively at the rate of 7 per cent and 7.2 per cent, reflecting a weaker-than
expected outlook for domestic demand.

However, India will still be the fastest growing major economy of the world and much ahead of
China, the Washington-based global financial institution had said.

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OUR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

“:Sugar production in India has reached 27.35 million tonnes (MT) in 2018-19 sugar season,
as of March 15 2019, according to the Indian Sugar Mills Association (ISMA). The
Electronic National Agriculture Market (eNAM) was launched in April 2016 to create a
unified national market for agricultural commodities. Agriculture storage capacity in India
increased at 4 per cent CAGR between 2014-17 to reach 131.8 million metric tonnes.” .

These seem to soothe the hearts of the bharatiya land. When it was reported that the
agricultural sector along with the people involved in the sector was going through a phase that
could even risk the india’s economy, followed by multiple protests by cultivators and farmers
on various issues reported by the media, increased high possibility of a downfall in the Indian
economy, it is wirth appreciating to see the reports of increased statistics.

INDIAN ECONOMY

News18 reported on October 18 2019 as follows :

A drop in private consumption poses risks to the Indian economy in the near future, the Reserve
Bank of India's monetary policy report has revealed raising concerns amid the economic
slowdown over the last few quarters. The RBI in its Monetary Policy Report, October 2019, has
also said that a combination of domestic and global headwinds has depressed economic activity
in the country.

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The private consumption is now beginning to slow down due to many factors. In this context,
the performance of large employment generating sectors such as automobile and real estate
remains less than satisfactory. Recent measures initiated such as the sharp cut in corporate tax
rates, stressed assets funds for the housing sector, infrastructure investment funds,
implementation of a fully electronic GST refund system and funds for export guarantee would be
helpful, it added. The bank credit growth has slowed down and overall fund flows to the
commercial sector have declined, due to risk aversion and a slowdown in demand.
Meanwhile, global uncertainties have weakened investment activity at home. Further escalation
of trade tensions could adversely impact export prospects, besides delaying the investment
upturn. A sharp deceleration in manufacturing GVA (Gross Valued Added) in Q1, 2019-20
essentially reflected weaknesses in the organised sector. In terms of the index of industrial
production (IIP), however, the performance of manufacturing improved in Q1, 2019-20 from the
previous quarter. In July, manufacturing output accelerated further," the report added.

This comes as a major concern for the economy, after the economy grew at its slowest pace in

over six years in the June quarter following a sharp deceleration in consumer demand and tepid

investment.

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PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT IN EDUCATION :

Many famous speakers agree with the fact that education is not all about learning the texts and
copying them in exams by studying them. In fact, education must provide a 65% of learning that
involves exposing students to the outside worlds, improving social skills, intrapersonal
development and other qualities. The rest 35% must include the learning of the world. India has
begun to recognize this and the literacy rates are also on the rise. In recent decades India has
made significant progress on access to schooling and enrollment rates in primary education but
dropout rates and low levels of learning remain challenges for the state and central governments.
Primary school enrollment in India has been a success story, largely due to various programs and
drives to increase enrollment even in remote areas.

Kerala has become the first Indian state to achieve 100 percent primary education. The Vice-
President of India, in January 2016, officially declared the 100 percent primary education status
achieved by the state. Additionally, the quality of learning is a major issue and reports show that
children are not achieving class-appropriate learning levels. Without immediate and urgent help,
these children cannot effectively progress in the education system, and so improving the quality
of learning in schools is the next big challenge for both the state and central governments.

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 REFERNECES

https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=U4SiXZOuJvLcz7sP2ayq8As&q=india%27s+industrial+production+&
oq=india%27s+industrial+production+&gs_l=psy-ab.3..0i22i30l10.33400.41568..41816...3.0..0.492.4283.10j21j4-
1......0....1..gws-

https://www.worldometers.info/gdp/what-is-gdp/

https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-s-gdp-growth-rate-much-weaker-than-expected-imf-
1568376606631.html

https://www.ibef.org/industry/agriculture-india.aspx

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