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Excavation combined with loading of soil can be effectively carried out by laborers
up to a loading height of about 1.00 e.g. into wheel borrow or head baskets. Above that
height, it is preferable to have a separate group of loaders whose output must be
matched with that of the excavators.
Activity Productivity
1) Excavation Depending on the type of soil, there
use similar productivity data as those
used for Excavation in Item 105
If the length of the culvert exceeds 6 meters, the number of man-days has to be
increased accordingly.
Culvert laying- this task consist of the excavation of the trench preparing the bed,
laying of culvert, backfilling & compaction. Number of man-days required varies with
the volume of the excavation and the soil type.
FACTORS TO BE MULTIPLIED TO DETERMINE THE REQUIRED
QUANTITY OF EACH MATERIAL
In these cases, the work split over two or more days. First the trench should be
excavated and then the preparation of the bed, the laying, backfilling and compaction is
done. Only 3 times. Therefore the volume of the excavation has to be limited following
rates and then applicable:
After completion of the trench approximately 4 man-days are needed to lay 6 rings,
backfill and compact to finish road level.
I. MECHANIZED ASPECT
A. CLEARING AND GRUBBING
Dozer Production
Horse Dense of Vegetation ( No. of Trees/Hectares )
Power 0-50 51-100 101-200 201-250 251&>
120 360 250 190 160 130
140 420 290 220 185 150
160 480 330 255 210 170
180 540 375 285 240 195
200 600 420 310 265 215
B.3 BACKHOE
Bucket ( cu.m.) Production ( cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Canal Structure Creek
0.50 20 15 15
0.75 30 20 20
1.00 40 30 30
1.25 50 40 40
1.50 60 45 45
C. QUARRYING
Dozer ( H.P.) Production (cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Common Aggregate Cobbles/Boulders
140 55 60 27
160 60 65 29
180 65 70 31
200 70 75 33
D. LOADING
Bucket ( cu.m.) Production ( cu.m./hr.) Bank Volume
Common Aggregate Cobbles/ Boulders
1.0 50 55 35
1.5 75 80 55
2.0 100 110 75
2.5 125 135 90
3.0 150 165 110
E. SPREADING
Grader ( H.P.) Road ( cu.m./hr.) cmp.
Common Aggregate
80-100 60 70
100-125 70 80
125-150 90 100
150-175 100 110
H. EMBANKMENT COMPACTION
Capacity ( cu.m./hr.) Compacted Volume
Tons Self-Propelled
Tamp. Foot drum Vib. drum
10 80 60
12 90 70
15 120 90
K. DEMOLITION OF CONCRETE
160 CFN Compressor & two (2) Jack Hammer
Capacity- 8.00 cu.m./day for massive concrete
-12.00 cu.m./day for slab & wall
L. DRIVING OF PILES
Steel Pipes: Crane 25 tons with 2-tons drop hammer, Capacity = 8 L.M./Hr.
Concrete Piles : Crane 25 tons with 2500 kgs. Pile hammer, Capacity = 2.00 L.M.
per Hr., 4.00 LM/Hr. for thick & thin concrete piles.
N. MANUAL ASPECT
A. Excavation
A.1. Common Materials
Capacity ( cu.m./day) Bank Volume & Depth of Excavation
Type of Work ( meter )
Farmditchs 3.00 2.50 2.00
Canal 2.50 2.00 1.75
Structure 2.00 1.75 1.50
E. QUARRYING
Capability cu.m./day/man
Sand & Gravel Cobbles Boulder
3.50 2.50 2.00
F. DEMOLITION OF CONCRETE
Slab & Wall 0.50 cu.m./man-day
Massive Concrete 0.20 cu.m./man-day
G. SCREENING OF AGGREGATES
Gravel 4.00 cu.m./day/man
Sand 6.00 cu.m./day/man
H. MANUAL BACKFILL
Capacity : 3.00 cu.m./man
J. SPREADING OF AGGREGATE
Capacity : 2.50 cu.m./day/man
L. GROUTED RIPRAP
Crew : 1- Foreman, 2- Mason, 10- Laborers, & 1- L.E. Operator
Capacity : 7.50 cu.m./day
N. CONCRETE LINING
Crew : 1- Foreman, 2- Mason, 1- L.E. Operator, 10- Laborers with one (1) bagger
mixer
Capacity : 4.50 cu.m./day
P. CONCRETE WORKS
P.1. Fabrication, Placing & Dismantling of Forms
Crew : 2- Carpenters & 4- Laborers; Capacity : 3.50 cu.m./day for 3000 psi
Crew : 1- Carpenter & 1- Laborer; Capacity : 4.50 cu.m./day Canal lining
OTHER MATERIALS
Class Type of Strength F. Lumber ½ pl. wd. Tie wr. Nail
Structure kgs. bd.ft/cu.m. pcs/cu.m. kgs.cu.m kgs/cu.m
A Bridge/Flume 211 40 1.00 1.25%RSB 2.50
A Siphon/Box Cul. 211 25 1.25 1.205 RSB 2.00
A Other Str. @ inc 211 25 1.25 1.10% RSB 2.00
A 211 5 0.10 - 0.50
B 200 5 - - 0.25
A 211 15 0.40 1.00%RSB 1.50
B 200 5 0.10 1.005RSB 0.50
A 211 5 - - 0.25
Note: The total contract price should be equal to or less than the total COA estimate plus
10% in order to sustain a finding of reasonableness otherwise the contract price will be
deemed excessive.
Lumpsum
Installations:
Timber:
Walling/Sliding :
Covering 30 sq.m./man-days
Framing, Studs 12 cu.m./man-days
( Multiply by the no. of days Double walling)
Ceiling Joist and Hangers 16 sq.m./man-days
Ceiling Boards ( 4’ x 8 ‘ Ply Wood) 30 sq.m./man-days
Windows sashes :
Jambs Fabrication 4 sq.m./man-days
Frames Fabrication 2 sq.m./man-days
Jambs Installation 14 sq.m./man-days
Frames Installation 10 sq.m./man-days
Doors :
Jambs Fabrication/Installation 2.5 sq.m./man-days
Door Fabrication/Installation 1 panel/man-days
Paintings :
Paint Rollers 125 sq.m./man-days
Paint Brush 50 sq.m./man-days
Neutralizer 100 sq.m./man-days
Truss Fabrication 0.25 truss/man-days
Purlins Installaation 60 L.M./man-days
Fascia Boards 0.05 cu.m./man-days
Roof Coverings ( G.I. sheets ) 35 pcs./man-days
Concrete Works :
Concrete Pouring 0.30 pcs./man-days
Rebars 20-30 kgs/man-days
Finishing:
Rough Finish 10 sq.m./man-days
Plain/Fine Finish 8 sq.m./man-days
CHB Filling/Laying 6-8 sq.m./man-days
A. CEMENT MORTAR
Table -1 Quantity of Cement and Sand for CHB Mortar per Square Meter Wall
Size of CHB No.per sq.m. 40 Kg. Mixture Cement Bags
A B C D Sand
4 x 8 x 16 12.5 0.525 0.394 0.328 0.0438
6 x 8 x 16 12.5 1.013 0.759 0.633 0.0844
8 x 8 x 16 12.5 1.500 1.125 0.938 0.1250
Table-2 Quantity of Cement and Sand for Plastering per Square Meter
40 kg. Cement Bags
Mixture Class 16 mm thk. 20 mm. thk. 25 mm. thk.
A 0.288 0.360 0.450
B 0.192 0.240 0.300
C 0.144 0.180 0.225
D 0.120 0.150 0.188
Sand 0.016 0.020 0.025
Table-3 Quantity of Cement, Sand, and Gravel for CHB Footing per Meter Length
1. PATCHING POTHOLES – Should be done to the areas specified by the contracts and
plans duly approved by the Engineers. Materials to be used must be suitable to acquire best
result when compacted.
SCHEDULE OF WORKS : MONTHLY
2. RESHAPING- should also be done to areas required in the plan and contracts. All works
should conform to what will be described in the specification.
SCHEDULE OF WORKS : QUARTERLY
3. VEGETATION CONTROL AND CLEANING DITCHES – All objects subject for the
obstruction of the designed areas should be removed and cleared.
SCHEDULE OF WORKS : TWICE A YEAR
4. REGRAVELLING –All materials shall consist of hard, durable particles or fine divided
mineral matter that can be compacted reaching for stable sub-base. Using especially
equipped vehicles material should be distributed in a continuos uniform layer. The uniform
thickness of sub-base material shall be adjusted prior to the compaction by watering or by
drying as required in order to obtain the required compaction. Compaction shall continue
until a field density of at least 100 (%) per cent of the maximum dry density.