GMELINA (Gmelina arborea) EXTRACT AS BATTERY FOR CALCULATOR

A Research Proposal
Submitted to the Faculty of
Integrated Developmental School
Mindanao State University at Naawan
9023 Naawan, Misamis Oriental in
Partial Fulfillments of the
Subject

Research

JECHIE REY P. TAGANAS

KEZIAH GRACE A. CABALLERO
RUSSELL ANN C. DACOCO
NOELLHA JEANETTE G. LIWAGON
LILLIANA ELLINE C. OLE
CHERRY LYN L. PULOT
ANNE CARMELA L. SIMBAJON

December 2017
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationale

In this era, electricity is the primary component in our daily lives because it is an outlet for

our devices to work. It is the most versatile and easily controlled form of energy. At the point of

use it is practically loss- free and essentially non-polluting. At the point of generation, it can be

produced clean with entirely renewable methods, such as wind, water and sunlight.Including the

fruit extract of Gmelina Gmelina arborea, electricity can be produced even with this annoying fruit

droppings that many has considered as an eyesore.

Gmelina is a fast-growing, unarmed, moderately sized to large deciduous tree with a wide

spreading canopy with numerous branches forming a large shady crown. It can grow from 3 - 30

metres tall, sometimes even taller. The first flowers are borne 3 - 4 years after planting, and the

mature fruits are produced 1 week after the flowering peak and fruiting may be spread over a 2

month period. This is a common tree in the Philippines and abundant for fruit source.(Retrieved

from http://www.worldagroforestry.org/on September 2, 2017)

Gmelina Gmelina arborea fruits are found in the ground that nobody cares. It contained

1.76 tannic acid, acids when contact with metal cause it to corrode, a chemical reaction (electro

chemistry). Two different metals, namely copper and iron, reacting in different way in same acid

causes an electron unbalance making one of the metal to become positive and other negative in

its electric charge. Then resulting a small (cell/battery) source of electricity. (Ahamad, M.A.

Quraishi, 2009)

The battery will be used for the Casio fx-83ES calculator is a replacement of the worn-out

to death tripleA battery. The voltage of the calculator only ranges in the minimum to be turned on.

Hence, a perfect testing object for the Gmelinafruit extract’s exhibition of electrical energy.

With this study, we can minimize the use of battery as well as money to buy it. It will be

an eco-friendly substitute compared to chemical batteries. Gmelina Gmelina arborea fruit like said

are found in the ground, nobody cares about it, with this we can to reduce the droppings and use

it for good. It can also help our environment because we will be using a natural battery for our

device instead of commercial batteries to lessen the bad effects because of those batteries. This
study is not only very interesting but also through this study we can help our mother nature and to

know that using natural ingredients is better in order to power up a certain device which is

calculator, a very useful device in our school especially when we are computing something in our

Math subject.
1.2. Objective of the study

1.2.1 General Objectives

This study aims to make battery made out of Gmelina Gmelina arborea

extract to power up a calculator.

1.2.2 Specific Objective

Specifically, the study aims:

1.) To determine the concentration needed in order to power up a Casio fx–

83ES calculator with:

a.) 30% Gmelina extract

b.) 50% Gmelina extract

c.) 80% Gmelina extract

d.) 100% Gmelina extract

2.) To determine the power rate that the Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract

can produce as a battery for Casio fx-85GT PLUS calculator.

3.) To determine the significant difference between the power rate in all

concentrations of the Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract.

4.) To determine the significant difference between the power rate of the

calculator with 30% Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration and

between 30% and 50%extract concentration.

5.) To determine the significant difference between the power rate of the

calculator with 50% Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration and

between 50% and 80%extract concentration.

6.) To determine the significant difference between the power rate of the

calculator with 80% Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration and

between 80% and 100%extract concentration.

1.3. Null Hypotheses

This study will test the following null hypotheses:

H01: There is no significant difference between the power rate in all concentrations of the Gmelina

Gmelina arborea extract.

H02: There is no significant difference between the power rate of the calculator with 30% and 50%

Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration.

H03: There is no significant difference between the power rate of the calculator with 50% and 80%

Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration.

H04: There is no significant difference between the power rate of the calculator with 80% and

100% Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract concentration.

1.4. Significance of the Study

Today’s time and age, electricity is a constant necessity in terms of using one of our

devices. The devices use are needed to be available anytime and day, away or in the rage of an

available socket, that’s why batteries are important to remain its function. It just so happened that

a battery only lasts for a while and when that comes, the battery drained of its stored electricity

becomes obsolete.

If this study proves successful, students and researchers alike will be able to recreate

their own homemade batteries to lessen their cost of expenses and even make use of the

common Gmelina arborea fruit’s extract, battery for the calculator. Calculator in the field of Math

and Science is important in every students’ academic life. This enables them to use the device for

their quantitative based problems. Which is very convenient for the students’ part for they never

have to learn the tricks and shortcuts in doing Math.

1.5. Scope and Limitations of the Study

The main focus of this study is to make use of the acidity content of the Gmelina’s fruit

extract to power up a low voltage device, one of which is the calculator. This study needs a total

of 500ml of Gmelina Gmelina arborea’s fruit extract, 1000ml of distilled water, alligator clips, and

the metals: copper and iron.

The fruits will be harvested from the sides of the road, near a Gmelinatree, within the

range of the research members’ walking distance from their homes or the proximity of their

hometown, to widen the search. The number of fruits needed would be a lot in general for the

extract in its fruit is only so little.

1.6. Definition of Terms

Acid is essential in the Gmelina fruit extract, the other factor of electric producing chemical
reaction.

Battery isthe end result in the combination of different specific components used in the study.

Calculator is a device used as a test subject, considering this device uses such low energy.

Electricity is harvested from the chemical reaction of the Gmelina fruit extract and metals.

Gmelina Gmelina arborea is a deciduous tree, native to Southeast Asia, its fruit will be
harvested and have its extract wrung-out.

Metal is a good reactor between metal and acid reaction.

Power rate is the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form. This will be
measured in the voltage meter-device and the numbers will depend on the calculator’s case of on
and off.
 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In exploration, with the knowledge and procedures, researchers can develop a new

source of energy with the use of electrochemical reaction. The commodities and services of this

study is for man’s use of a cheaper substitute for battery for calculator. This useful study is the

product of the natural chemical from Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract. In this fast-growing

economy with high-priced commercial batteries prompts researcher to conduct studies using fruit

extract as a source of energy. This Chapter presents a brief review of related literature from

fellow research paper, both published and unpublished that is related to this study.

Unfortunately during the search of Gmelina battery in the net and in the archives of this

school, nothing was found. Though some component of the Gmelina Gmelina arborea extract will

be used as the relating factor for this chapter.

2. 1. Types of Batteries

Batteries store chemical energy and transform this energy into electricity. There are two main

types of batteries based on the type of electrolyte it uses. There is what we call the wet cell,

which makes use of liquid electrolytes in the form of a solution, and there is also what we call dry

cell, which makes use of electrolytes in the form of paste. There are many more types of batteries

available on the market now, like carbon-zinc cell, alkaline cell, nickel-cadmium cell, Edison cell

and mercury cell. All of which are according to Travis V. (2017). (Retrieved from

http://bit.do/dPrqm- on October 8, 2017)

2.2. Lemon Battery on a 3-Watt Light Bulb

Citric acid is natural acid that is found in many fruits. Citric acid is used in highly

concentrated batteries and in normal batteries but it is much stronger and higher in concentration

the reason is because people use more citric acid and the citric acid that is used is highly

concentrated and cannot be found in stores. (Cited from http://bit.do/dPrqa- on October 8, 2017)
2.3. Boiled Potato Battery

Schoolchildren are routinely shown how to convert potatoes into makeshift batteries

using copper and zinc electrodes. Haim Rabinowitch at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in

Israel and his colleagues now report a way to rev up the power output: by boiling the potatoes

first. (Taken from http://bit.do/dPrrh- on October 8, 2017)

Credits to J. Renew. Sustain. Energy 2, 033103 (2017), boiled or electroporated Solanum

tuberosum produced a voltage up to ten times higher than raw potatoes. The authors calculate

that energy production from these potatoes is five- to fiftyfold cheaper than commonly used

batteries and can produce light, through LEDs (light-emitting diodes, pictured), more cheaply than

kerosene lamps. Potatoes could thus provide an inexpensive way to power low-energy

appliances. The authors suggest that rupturing tissue membranes by boiling or electroporation

alters the properties of the tissue sandwiched between the electrodes such that it enhances the

energy-generating capabilities of the biological power cell. D.C.

2.4. Pineapple Galvanic Cell

The fabrication of an electric generation experimental kit which is comprised of pineapple

peel residue from agricultural industries. Juice from squeezing pineapple peel was used as

electrolyte of a galvanic cell. Sufficient acidity of the juice could activate electrochemical

reaction in the galvanic cell kit using a zinc plate and copper plate as electrodes. (Found in

http://bit.do/dPru4- on October 8, 2017)

2.5. Salt Lamp

A lamp that takes two tablespoons of salt and a glass of water in order to work. This is

from the Sustainable Alternative Lighting, or SALt Corp. This is a startup focused on delivering a

cost effective, environmentally safe lamp that runs on salt water. The lamp "uses the science

behind the Galvanic cell, the basis for battery-making," they said, in changing electrolytes to a
saline solution—an approach that is nontoxic, and avoids the tragic incidents of fires that are

caused by candles and tipped-over lamps. (Found in http://bit.do/dPrv3- on October 8, 2017)

2.6. The Components of a Handmade Battery

The reaction typically occurs between two pieces of metal, called electrodes, and a liquid

or paste, called an electrolyte. For a battery to work well, the electrodes must be made up of two

different types of materials. This ensures one will react differently than the other with the

electrolyte. This difference is what generates electricity. Connect the two electrodes with a

material that can transport electricity well (called a conductor) and the chemical reactions fire up;

the battery is generating electricity! As you make connections, note that electricity likes to take

the path of least resistance. If there are multiple ways to go from one electrode to the other, the

electricity will take the path that lets it flow most easily. (Taken from http://bit.do/dPrqx- on

October 8, 2017)

2.7. Chemical Composition of Gmelina Gmelina arborea Fruit Extract

The chemical composition of the fruit oil of Gmelina arborea Roxb., Verbenaceae, was

examined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

(GC/MS). One hundred components were identified which accounted for 92.7% of the oil

including 24 trace compounds. The ubiquitous terpenes occurred in lesser amount. The fruit oil

was characterized by the abundance of (Z)-3-hexenol (17.9%), 1-octen-3-ol (8.4%) and hexanol

(6.1%) among the aliphatic alcohols; heptacosane (5.6%), pentacosane (3.8%) and 1-

pentacosene (3.2%) among the hydrocarbons; and nonanal (8.7%) and (E)-2-decenal (3.0%) as

the main aldehyde constituents. (Cited from http://bit.do/dPruf- on October 8, 2017)

 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

3.1. Research Design

This study will use experimental research design. Using four (4) setups with three (3)

replicates for each setup and will be done in three trials. The four (4) setups will include three (3)

experimental with one (1) control setup.

3.2. Study Area

Study
Area

Fig.1: Location of the study (Cited from goo.gl/aTFg3A)

The study will be held at Liwagon’s residence.

3.3. Materials and Equipment

 12 pcs 2” iron nail  1000ml distilled water

 24 pcs 2” copper nail  500ml Gmelina extract

 16 pcs alligator clips  100ml syringe

 1m hook wire  4 pcs long rectangular plastic container

 1 pc. voltage meter  Casio fx–83ES calculator

3.4. Data Gathering Procedure

Identifying a Problem

Formulation of Objectives

Proposal Defense

Completion of Setups

Compilation of All Materials and Equipments

Gmelina Fruit and Extract Harvest

Measurements for the

Different Mixtures

Completion of Setups

Recording of Results

Analysis of Data

Making Conclusions and

Recommendations

Conceptual Development

Fig.2. Flowchart of the study

 3.4.1. Identifying a Problem

The researchers will be required to make a project. In doing so a problem is needed in

order to make the required project possible. The choice consists with an experimental or social to

create a proposal.

3.4.2. Formulation of Objectives

When the problem is served, the researchers will be formulating objectives

connected to the problem. The objectives will show a possible traits; experimental, where the

researchers adds another variable in a setup, while the observational only analyzes the results

from the prepared setups.

3.4.3. Proposal Defense

The researchers will be busy reviewing and preparing for the proposal defense

on the scheduled date.

3.4.4. Compilation of All Materials and Equipment

Most of the following materials and equipments will be bought from stores in

stock. When the required materials and equipments is bought, then the researchers will compile it

on a specific location and working area.

3.4.5. Gmelina Fruit and Extract Harvest

The fruits of the Gmelina tree are located in various places in the Poblacion,

Naawan Misamis Oriental, which will give the researchers easy picking from the ground. The

fruits at that time will either be ripe or not either way, all will be taken to use. The researchers will

have to collect as many pieces of the Gmelina fruit to fulfil the extract requirement of 500ml.

When the fruits have been gathered, the researchers will proceed to cutting the

fruit in half and squeezing its sides in order to take the brown extract. The work will go on for

some time unless the 500ml is achieved.

 3.4.6. Measurements for the Different Mixtures

The given liquids consist of; 500ml Gmelina fruit extract and 1000ml distilled

water. The researchers will have to divide the given into four parts, all the while considering the

percentages required in the different mixtures. The measurement will be done with the 100ml

syringe.

It will be decided that the 100ml of Gmelina extract is to be used in the fourth set-

up while the remaining 400ml Gmelina extract will be used to the other three, which will be a

mixed and controlled with the percentages of the 1000ml distilled water.

3.4.7. Completion of Setups

The setups will consist of; a plastic rectangular container habiting the Gmelina

extract or the different mixture concentration of Gmelina extract and distilled water, arranged

nails, and hooked with alligator clips.

All of the setups will have the same appearance and arrangement but the

difference of mixtures remains authentic.

3.4.8. Recording of Results

When the setups are all set, the researchers will first measure the power rate

with the voltage meter to all the setups. They will have to record all of the data from the different

setups. Then the researchers will test each of the setups to the Casio fx–83ES calculator and will

see whether it’s on or not. The results will be recorded with photos and succinct observations.

3.4.9. Analysis of Data

The given results will be kept and analyzed with the following agendas; the

differences of the power rate and if the calculator is powered up.

 3.4.10. Making of Conclusions and Recommendation

The analysis will provide the data required for conclusions and will be needing

recommendation afterwards.

3.4.11. Conceptual Development

The final step will be the construction of the conceptual development.

3.5 Statistical Tools

3.5.1 ANOVA: Single Factor

This will be used to determine the significant difference between the power rate

of the Gmelina (Gmelina arborea) extract in all the setups.

𝑀𝑆𝑇
Formula :𝐹 = Where: 𝐹 = Total concentration to power up
𝑀𝑆𝐸

Casio fx-85GT PLUS

𝑀𝑆𝑇 = Gmelina extract’s power rate difference in

all setups

𝑀𝑆𝐸 = Estimated concentration to power up

Casio fx-85GT PLUS

3.5.2 T-test

This will be used to determine the significant difference between the power rate

of Gmelina (Gmelinaarborea) extract from the four different setups.

∑𝑋
Formula: 𝑋̅ = Where: 𝑋̅= Total power rate of Gmelina extract in all
𝑁

setups
 APPROVAL SHEET

A research proposal entitled “GMELINA EXTRACT (Gmelina arborea) EXTRACT AS

BATTERY FOR CALCULATOR” submitted by Keziah Grace Caballero, Russell Ann Dacoco,
Noellha Jeanette Liwagon, Lilliana Elline Ole, Jechie Rey Taganas, Cherry Lyn Pulot, and
Anne Carmela Simbajon in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the subject Research was
successfully defended and approved on November 2017.

ROSALINA L. DIVINAGRACIA PAUL ANDRIAN O. PACQUIAO

Panel Member Panel Member

MERRIAM DANIELLE G. TARRE

Adviser

The Department of Mathematics and Science endorses acceptance of this research

paper in partial fulfillment of the subject Research.

RUELA C. VILLAROZA
Math, Science, I.T. and Research Department Chair

The Department of Math, Science, I.T. and Research endorses acceptance of this
research paper in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Research . This research
paper is hereby officially accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject
Research.

PROF. JUVY S. ARJONA

OIC Principal
Integrated Developmental School
Appendix 2. Line Item Budget

Materials / Expenses Amount

1. Printing (includes: bond paper) Php. 500.00

2. Fare Php. 900.00

3. Sliding Folder Php. 50.00

4. 4 pcs. of rectangular plastic Php.100.00

container

5. 12 pcs 2” iron nail Php. 50.00

6. 24 pcs. 2” copper nail Php. 75.00

7. 16 pcs alligator clips Php. 25.00

8. 1m hook wire Php. 15.00

9. 1000ml distilled water Php. 40.00

10. 100ml syringe Php. 15.00

ESTIMATES: Php. 1770.00