Standardized Scores:

Raw Scores
- converted into another form to facilitate comparison and meaningful interpretation

Includes:
 Percentiles
- Represent as a whole number between 1-99
- Number represent percentage who scored at or below the given score

 Stanines
- Abbreviation for standard nine
- Standard nine- divides the normal distribution to nine components to provide equal
units of measure

 Standard scores
- Use standard deviation to obtain scale with equal intervals

 Age- grade-equivalent scores

- Individual’s performance on test of a particular age or grade

Three measures of central tendency:

1. Mean- average of cumulative measures
2. Median- divide scores into half
3. Mode – most frequently occurring score

Scale Measure:
Four scales:
1. Nominal
- Exclusive categories
- Numbers not meaningful in a quantitative way

2. Ordinal
- Rank order of score
- Indicates greater than, no inference about the magnitude between scores

3. Interval
- Most common in measures found in OT
- 0 is not absolute point on scales
- 0 is not arbitrary, ratio comparison between scores cannot be made

4. Ratio scales
- 0 have a fixed point, ratio comparison can be made
- Absence of attribute measured must be meaningful