MODULE 1

LESSON 1: THE ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION

COMMUNICATION - an act of transferring info from one place to another.

- It can be vocally, written, visually or nonverbally.
LANGUAGE- is one of the most important factors in communication.
Language is a French word which means tongue.

6 ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1. PARTICIPANTS - Both senders and receivers.
2. CONTEXT - refers to interrelated conditions of communication.
Physical Milieu -environmental conditions.
B. Social Milieu - nature of relationships
C. Psychological Milieu - Communicator’s moods and feelings.
D. Cultural Milieu - beliefs, values, norms.
E. Historical Milieu - background on previous communication
3. MESSAGE - symbols and signs w/c are transmitted.
4. CHANNEL - accessing messages via visual or auditory channel.
5. NOISE - distractions
External Noise- sights, sounds.
B. Internal Noise- within communicator
C. Semantic Noise- unintentional meanings
6. FEEDBACK - verbal or nonverbal responses.

4 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Physical Needs
2. Ego Needs
3. Social Needs
Inclusion - formal or informal
Desire for Control- sense of domination
Affection- to care for us
4. Practical Needs
Physical- food, water
Safety- protection
Social- feeling of belongingness
Self-esteem- belief in our own
Self-actualization- desire to become the best person.
 LESSON 2: MODELS AND LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

3 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL - also known "mother of all models"
2. BERLO'S COMMUNICATION MODEL- SMCR model
3. SCHRAMM MODEL - two way street.

4 LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. INTRAPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - communication with self
2. INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION - also called 'dyadic communication. Involve 2 people
3. SMALL GROUP COMMUNICATION- ex. conducting a meeting
4. PUBLIC/MASS COMMUNICATION - one to many communication.
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MODULE 2
LESSON 1: INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?

- sending and receiving of messages across languages and cultures.

4 ELEMENTS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

1. PERCEPTIONS - beliefs, views, attitudes.
2. VERBAL PROCESSES - employ symbols to portray things.
3. NONVERBAL PROCESSES- shared thoughts and feelings.
4. CONTEXTUAL ELEMENTS- business, education and personal relationships

WHY STUDY INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?

1. It increases self-awareness
2. Because of demographic changes
3. Because of workplace and economic globalization
4. To possess creative problem solving
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LESSON 2: CULTURE AND LANGUAGE

CULTURE - refers to large and diverse set of aspects of social life.

CULTURE AND SOCIETY

A SOCIETY is an organized group of individuals.
A CULTURE is an organized group of learned responses.
 10 CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE
1. Learned Behaviors 6. Culture is Super Organic - superior to nature
2. Culture is Abstract 7. Culture is pervasive- touches aspects of life
3. Culture a Pattern of Learned Behavior 8. Culture is a Way of Life
4. Culture is the Product of Behavior 9. Culture is a Human Product
5. Culture is shared by the Members of Society 10. Culture is idealistic

4 FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
1. Culture Defines Situations 3. Culture defines Myths, Legends and Supernatural
2. Culture defines Attitudes, Values and Goals 4. Culture provides Behavior Patterns

COMMUNICATION ACROSS CULTURES

1. HIGH CONTEXT vs. LOW CONTEXT
Context refers to the information that surrounds an event.
HIGH CONTEXT CULTURES rely on nonverbal communication
LOW CONTEXT CULTURES depends on words themselves
2. SEQUENTIAL vs. SYNCHRONIC
SEQUENTIAL CULTURES - view as a constant flow to experience in the moment.
SYNCHRONIC CULTURES - flow of time with past, present and future.
3. AFFECTIVE vs. NEUTRAL
A. AFFECTIVE CULTURES - do not telegraph their feelings but keep them controlled.
B. NEUTRAL CULTURES - they monitor the amount of emotions they display

WHAT IS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION?

- describes the way people send and receive information beyond words.

4 Functions:
1. to accent meaning of verbal messages
2. To complement verbal messages
3. To regulate interactions
4. To substitute verbal messages

7 FORMS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Eye contact
2. Touch
3. Gestures
4. Physical space
5. Facial expressions
6. Posture
7. Paralanguage - factors of speech such as accent, volume, pitch range
 LESSON 3: CULTURAL NORMS AND VALUES

WHAT ARE VALUES?

- Qualities we think are desirable

3 TYPES OF VALUES
IDEAS - beliefs, opinions
THINGS- material objects, people, places etc.
EXPERIENCES- events

CULTURAL NORMS AND VALUES

NORMS are closely related to our behaviors
VALUES related to attitudes

HATE SPEECH AND HATE CRIME

HATE SPEECH that attacks a person on the basis of race, religion etc.
HATE CRIME is a prejudice motivated crime

STEREOTYPING - is a preconceived notion

PREJUDICE - Negative attitudes to members of a group

TYPES:
1. RACISM - one owns cultural
2. SEXISM - system of attitudes
3. CLASSICISM - perceiving poor as the other
4. HOMOPHOBIA - fear of the people who are part in LGBTQ
5. RELIGIOUS PREJUDICE- judgments towards followers of religions
6. LOOKISM- measure standards of beauty
7. AGEISM - negative attitudes to young or elderly
8. XENOPHOBIA- fear from the people in other countries

WHAT IS "SOGIE"
SEXUAL ORIENTATION - who you want to kiss
GENDER IDENTITY AND EXPRESSION - identity who is you. Expression how you want to show yourself.
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MODULE 3
COMPREHENSION
Understanding what is being said or read.

3 KINDS
LITERAL COMPREHENSION - decoding message that is obvious
INTERPRETIVE COMPREHENSION- decoding message by making inference
APPLIED COMPREHENSION - decoding message by using information to express opinions