ticulación

puertaWhen enthe
se abre,elywater
punto A.
pesoDetermine
b) ellevel 15a)ft,la
del cilindro
reaches thefuerza
por ft hidrostática
de longitud
cylindrical gatedelopens
que actúa
mismo. sobre elabout
by turning cilindro
they su líneaatdepoint
hinge acciónA.cuando la com-
Determine (a) the
puertahydrostatic
se abre, y force
b) el peso
actingdeloncilindro por ftand
the cylinder de longitud
its line ofdelaction Cengel 03.qxd 2/22/06
cen72367_ch03.qxd 5:262:22
10/29/04 AM PMPage
Page110
110
mismo. when the gate opens and (b) the weight of the cylinder per ft
90 cm
  COMPILADO PROBLEMAS DE FUERZAS
length of the cylinder. 3-66 SOBRE SUPERFICIES SUMERGIDAS :  
  CENGEL – WHITE – MUNSON – Solution
FOX. A rectangular plate hinged about a horizontal
  axis along its upp
plate is Lizcano
Ing. Waldo restrainedG.
from opening by a fixed ridge at a point B. The force exerted to
 
Assumptions Atmospheric pressure
110
acts on both sides of the plate, and th
PRESIÓN Y ESTÁTICA DE FLUIDOS
15 cm 15 pies convenience. 110
Problemas de Fuerzas sobre superficies b) Compuertas
3-65 El ladoFLUID
del muroVerticales*
de una presa de 100 m de largo que es-
MECHANICS 3
dos
2 pies Properties tá enWe take the
contacto condensity of water
agua tiene formatodebeun1000 kg/m
cuarto throughout.
de círculo con sore
ano PLANAS sumergidas
15 pies 15 ft A 𝑴𝒆𝒋𝒆  𝒅𝒆  𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏
(un3–65
radio de
The10water
m. Determine = 𝟎)
side of thelawall
fuerza
of hidrostática
a 100-m-long ejercida
dam isso-a toget
laThe
Analysis brequarter average pressure onofa cuando
surface is thepresa
pressure at the centr
2 pies 2 ft
A A presa y suwith
circle línea a de acción
radius 10 dicha
m. Determine está
the llena
hydro- the l
ano (midpoint) hasta
ofstatic
theelsurface,
borde.onand
force the isdam
determined to of
and its line be action when the dam is when
úa sobre
filled to the rim.
c02FluidStatics.qxd 2/22/12 5:51 PM Page 91 = ρ ghUna
Pavg = PC3-66 C = ρ g( h / 2 )
placa rectangular de 4 m de altura y 5 m de ancho
úaacting sobre on a FIGURA P3-61I bloquea
3–66 el A extremo
4-m-high, de 5-m-wide
un canal de agua dulceplate
rectangular de 4blocksm de pro- the
ud de la ⎛channel, 1 kNas La ⎞
sumer- a) Superficies FIGURA FIGURE verticales
P3-61I P3–61E fijas ( fundidad,
P3–66.
ticulada enThe
)(
= 1000 kg/m 9.81 m/s ( 4 / 2 m ) ⎜
end of a3 4-m-deep
como se
plate
torno a
muestra
is
un
)
2 freshwater
hinged
eje
en la
about
horizontal
figura
1000
a que
P3-66.
kg
horizontal⋅
está m/sa
shown
placa
⎟ = 19
2axis
lo
in
está
along
largo de
Fig.
ar- 2
.62 kN/m
its
su
neud
onociera de
the lamagni- ⎝ ⎠
sumer-
surface
ada des- sub- upper
borde edge
superior through
y que a
pasa point por Aun and is
punto restrained
A, y su from
apertura opening
la res-
3-62 3–62 ConsidereConsider a 4-m-long,
una alberca construida 4-m-wide,
sobre el suelo, and 1.5-m-high
con 4
toThen
the the resultant hydrostatic force el on
onociera
ntation
na afir- if shem de aboveground by a un
tringe fixed
borde ridge fijoat enpoint B.each
punto B.wall
Determine becomes
Determine the force
la fuerzaexerted queon se
largo, 4 m deswimming ancho y 1.5pool m de that is filled
altura, con with agua waterhasta el
ada des- from3-62
surface Considere unalaalberca construida force sobre elcada
suelo, conyand4 the the
ejerce plate
sobre by la the ridge.
placa por el borde.
snathis
borde.rim.
afir-a validm
distancia
a) Determine
(a) Determine
de distance
largo,al 4suelo
m of dedeancho
the la
fuerza
linelíneay 1.5
of
hidrostática
the hydrostatic
de m deofaltura,
acción
action
sobreon
de esta
this
each
confuerza.
force agua
pared
fromhasta
wall la
el
theSiground.
b) se ( )
FR = Pavg A = 19.62 kN/m 2 ( 4 m × 5 m ) = 392 kN
Problems 91
pendida borde. Determine la fuerza
A
duplica a)laIf
(b) altura de
the height las of the hidrostática
paredes de
walls la thesobre
ofalberca y
pool cada
se isllena, pared
doubledla yand
la the
fuer- A arte
perficie The line of action of the force passes through the pressure center, which 3–71 is
distancia
za pool al
hidrostática
issuelosobre
filled, de la
cada
will línea
theparedde acción
¿se
hydrostatic de
duplicará esta
force ofuerza.
on se b) Si
cuadriplica-
each wall se
double llen2
ependida
suspended
un eje in 2.87 GO A homogeneous, 4-ft-wide, 8-ft-long rectangular from gate
the 2.92
free surface, A vertical plane area 1having 1
m
m
the shape shown in Fig.
upperperficie
erza surface.duplica
hi- or laquadruple?
rá? Respuesta:altura a)de44.1
weighing
las
Why?
800
paredes
kNis held
lb
de la (a)
Answer: alberca ykNse llena, la fuer-
in place44.1 by a horizontal flexible cable as P2.92 is immersed in an oil bath (specific weight " 8.75 kN/m3). to3-71
ea
easses un eje za hidrostática sobre cada pared ¿se acts
duplicará o the
se cuadriplica- P3–7
a placa through 3-63I 3–63E shown
Considere in Fig. P2.87.
una presa
Consider Water
de 200 ft de
a 200-ft-high, against
altura y 1 200
1200-ft-wide gate, which
damftfilled is
de to hinged 2h 2 × (4 m)
Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on one side está
erza
aticspheric hi- act-rá?
force
perma-
Respuesta:
at point
anchocapacity.
llena a toda
a)A.44.1
Determine
kN in
suFriction
capacidad.
(a)
b) the
the
0.5m hingedesde
Determine
hydrostatic
el piso
is negligible.
la fuerza
a)force on Determine
hidros-
the dam the ten- y Pof=the area
and = as a result=of2.667 the oil. m sides
com
athis
alculate rotation.3-63I
placa sion
Considerein theuna
cable.Air
presa de 200 ftunidad
de altura y 1 200 ft de 3 3 toget
tática (b)
sobretheHlaforce
presa y b)
per la fuerza
unit area porthe
of dam de
near área
4 in the detopla mis-
and near un á
ancho llena O 4m
s.perma-
2690 m ma cerca
the dea2sutoda
bottom. partesu superior
capacidad. Determine
y cerca del fondo.a) la fuerza hidros- Taking the moment about4point m A and 4m setting
4 m it equal to zero gives
the
de al
s (b) presas
an tática sobre la presa y b) la fuerza por unidad de área de la mis- when
uch thicker at3-64 3–64 Un cuarto en el in niveltheinferior de un of barco 4 inpara cruceros tens
las pre- ma cerca deAsu A parte
room superior ylower
cercaAir level
del fondo.a cruise ship has a
y. ground
s presas tiene 30-cm-diameter
una ventana circular circular de 30 cm de diámetro.
Cable window. If the midpoint Si el punto
60°of the win-
M A = 0 45° F R ( s + y P ) = F ridge B AB arte
or both 3-64 Un cuarto Meriam Meriam
enbelow
elestá
nivel inferior Meriam
de un barco para delcruceros B llen
las pre-
Explain how medio dowde la
is ventana
5 mBlue Blue 5
the m abajo
water de la
surface,
Blue superficie
determine agua,
the hydro-
xplique tiene una ventana circular de 30 cm de diámetro. 6 in Si el punto Solving for F Oiland bathsubstituting, the reaction force is determined to be
of the hydro-determine staticlaforce
fuerzaacting
hidrostática
on the que actúa sobre
window, and the la ventana
pressurey center.
el ridge
FIGURE P3–66
erza
as with hi- medio de presión.
centroTake
de lathe
ventana Tome
specific
B 5 m abajo
estágravity
la gravedad of
C de la superficie del agua,
específica
seawater to del 1.025.
be agua de Answers:
mar s + y P FIGURA (1 + 2P3-66.667) m
xplique determine la fuerza hidrostática que actúa sobre la ventana y el F ridge = F R = (392 kN) = 288 kN
ture of como 3554
1.025. Respuesta:
N, 5.001 m
P3.49 3 554 N, 5.001 m AB Reconsider5 m
erzaExplain
face hi-
is howcentro de presión. Tome la gravedad específica del agua de mar 3–67 Prob. 3–66. Using EES (or other)
xplique ■ Figure P2.92
the hydrosta- como 1.025. Respuesta: 3 554 N, 5.001 m 3-67The difference Vuelva
software, a considerar
between investigateF el the
and problema
F effect 3-66.
of water Use el soft-
depth on
alculate
idrostá- Hydrostatic Force on Submerged Surfaces Discussion R ridge is the force acting on the hin
5xplique
20 km Water Gate the force ware
exerted de EES
on the (o cualquier
plate by otro
the programa
ridge. Let de
the este
water ti-
3.50 ft 8 B
6along ft
density Semicircular plane gate AB is hinged and held by 2.93
po)
depthe vary A
investigue 3-m-wide,
from el0 efecto
m to 8-m-high
5 dem la
in rectangular
profundidad
increments gate
ofdel
0.5 is
agua
m.located
sobre
Tabulate atla
idrostá-
o hydrostatic horizontal force F applied at A. The liquid to the left of the GO
fuerzas
on the A Hinge the
fuerza
and endplotof ayour
que rectangular
se ejerce
results.sobre passage
la that por
placa is connected
el borde. to a large que
Suponga openla
nitudes of the gate is water. Calculate the force F required for equilibrium. tank filled with
eant deter-
hydrosta- 5m A Sea profundidad
3–68E The delwater
aguaasvaría shown in Fig.
desde P2.93.5 The
a0 reservoir
hasta m, gate
en is hinged
incrementos
fuerzas
vertical A at
de its
0.5bottom
m. Hagaandflow heldof
una tabla
waterby
closed y
from
tracea horizontal
la gráfica de
is controlled
force,sus H, located at
Fresultados. by a
da find plane the line Mar 5-ft-wide
the center of L-shaped
the Answers
gate. gate
The tohinged
maximumSelected atvalueProblems
point for A,F as is 841 kN.
shown
3500 in Fig.
(a)
eontraría
deter- 5 m H 3–72
svertical
upper ■ Figure P2.87
3-68I
Determine
P3–68E. El the
flujo de desired
If itmaximum
is agua water desde un
therecipiente
thatdepth, h, above
gate open sethecontrola
when centerthepor una
ofwater
the troug
30 cm Mar compuerta
gate that is
height con
can12 ft,forma
exist without
determine de theL the ygate
demass5opening.
ft of
de theancho,
(b) Is articulada
required weighten
the answer the
W.el
spheric 5 3.17
m p 5 6.39 kPa (gage) h 5 39.3 mm
ontraría
ter in a lake 3–73
same ifA,the30,900
gate is hinged at enthe latop? Explain yourSianswer.
eun
e car lago
wateris 1.1 m H = 25 ft
2.88 A
3.19 30pcm
rectangular gate
5 128 kPa (gage)
6 ft tall and 5 ft wide in the side of an
punto
Answer: como selbmmuestra figura P3.68I. se desea que
mide
ction 1.1
of A FA la compuerta se abra cuando la altura del agua sea de 12 ft, de- 3-72
struc
un doorlagois 8 m open tank is held in place
H 5by the mmforce F as indicated in Fig. P.2.88. termine la masa del peso necesario W. 5 Respuesta:
e misma
door.
3.21
30 cm
17.75
ft 30,900 lbm llena
conc
rce acting
mide 1.1 on The weight of the gateh is negligible, and the hinge at O is friction-
a.3fuerzaatm, 3.23 5 1.67 in Gate: la ar
Fig.
n mismaof the pres- FIGUREless. P3–64 R = 10 ft
(a) Determine the water depth, viewif the resultant hydrostatic
side h, W B
yaction?
la ubi- the c
3-73
athe fuerza force of the water 3.25 actsAmplification
2.5 ft above factor the bottom5 5.78 of the gate, i.e., it A
cerrado
sur- FIGURA P3-64 B abou
rrum
ye lawhen ubi- is collinear with the applied force
3.27 p 5 24.7 kPa (gage) F. (b) For the depth
h 5 0.116 m of part (a), 5 pies
h may
FIGURA P3-64 determine
P3.50 the magnitude of the resultant hydrostatic force. (c) De- 2 70
cerrado 3.29thatl 5 W B rises
termine the force the1.600
hinge m puts on the gate under the above mue
3.51 A triangular
conditions.
access port must be provided in the side of A
Gate4 m 15 ft
a plane a form containing liquid 3.31 l 5 0.549 m
concrete. Using the coordinates and FH suel
ong its 12 ft dor
dimensions shown, determine 3.33 s 5 6 resultant force that acts on
the 4m
Atmo- the port and its point 3.35 of application. Compuerta de c
h 5 7.85 mm s 5 0.308
r. (a) If Hinge 15 pies quie
at force 3.37 l 5 0.407 m 12 pies
■ Figure P2.93
rder to 3.39 Water x 5 0.1053 in
ce gage FIGURE P3–68E
Hinge 0 3.43 ∆z 5 270 m for 3% pressure drop ∆z 5 455 m for 5% density drop
applied Liquid a = 1.25 ft
y 2.94 Two square gates close two openings in a conduit connected
3.45 ρ 5 3.32 3 h23 kg/m3
10 to3–69E
an open Repeat
tank of Prob. as
water 3–68Eshown forinaFig. water height
P2.94. When of 8the ft. water
r from Gate concrete
Port depth, h, reaches 5 m it is desired that both gates open at the same
surface 3.47 F1atm 5 14.7 kN F0.5atm 5 52.6 kN 3–70 A FIGURA water trough P3-68I of semicircular cross section of radius
F 6 ft time. Determine the weight of the
0.5 m consists of two symmetric parts hinged to each other homogeneous horizontal gateat
when pC 5 1.048andpsigthe horizontal
3.49 pA 5 0.289 b = 1 ftpsig pB 5 0.416 psig
the
pair1 5 0.036
bottom, as force,
shown
psig R, acting on the vertical gate that is re-
in Fig. P3–70. The two parts are held
2.5 ft
pair2 5 0.668 psig quired
3-69I toRepita keep the gates closed
el problema 3-68Iuntilpara this una
depth is reached.
altura del agua Thede
n-cylin- P3.51
3.51 FR 5 81.3 lbf yu 5 0.938 ft
weight
8 ft. of the vertical gate is negligible, and both gates 3-38 are hinged
ored in 3.52 A plane gate of uniform thickness
■ Figure P2.88
holds back a depth of PROPRIETARY at one end MATERIAL
as shown. Friction . © 2006 Thehinges
in the McGraw-Hill
is negligible. Companies, Inc. Lim
to the water as shown. Find3.55 FR 5 2.04 weight
the minimum N needed to keep teachers and3-70 educators Una artesa
for course de agua de secciónIftransversal
preparation. you are a semicircular
student usingy this Ma
levator the gate closed. 3.57 FR 5 552 kN yu 5 2.00 m xu 5 2.50 m
con un radio de 5 m consta de dos partes simétricas articuladas
he least †2.89 Sometimes it is difficult to open an exterior door of a entre sí en el fondo, como seHorizontal muestra en la figura P3.70. Las
gate, 4m × 4m
3.59 F 5 600 lbf Hinge
equire- building because the air distribution system maintains a pressure
 6 Hinge
e. (c) De- h
Water B, C
3
the above BMAns.qxd 2/15/12
3 m 9:01 PM The weight of the gate is (7.85)(62.42 lbf/ft
Page ANS-2 ft
)(15 ft)(1/12 ft)(8 ft) =
4m FH acts downward atA the CG of
30° 4 ft the full gate as shown (not the C
  COMPILADO OPROBLEMAS
4m
DE F UERZAS SOBRE S UPERFICIES S C
UMERGIDAS
portion). Thus, W is 7.5 ft above point B and y′ has  moment arm (7.5 c
:
Water
CENGEL Hinge
– WHITE – MUNSON – FOX Stop
. are now in a position to find h by summing
  Hinge We   moments about t
Ing. Waldo Lizcano G.
■ Figure P2.93 B
4m ! M   B = (10000)(15) − (288.2h 2 )[(h/2)csc 60° − (h/6) csc 60°] − 48
y′ = 4(x′)2
2.94 Two square gates ANS-2 Answers
close two openings in a to Selected
conduit Even-Numbered Homework Problems
connected
A
or: 110.9h 3 = 150000 − 18369, Plan of h = (131631/110.9)1/3 =1
B A
to an open tank of water as shown in Fig. P2.94. When the water gate
P x′
depth, h, reaches 5 m it2.64
is desired that
0.304 ft both gates open at the same c ) Tapones oblicuos
3.28 46.5 m!s
time. Determine the weight 1!2 ■ Figure P2.104
2.66 of! the
! 2[dhomogeneous horizontal
2 gate
m " 11.31 # 1d " 18.61d " 1282 ]!2 3.32 20.9 ft!s Problems 111
and the horizontal force, R, acting on the vertical gate that is re-
quired to keep 2.68
the gates 36,000 lb 3.34
closed until this depth is reached. The 2.63 The tank in Fig. P2.63 has2 a 4-cm-
45.7 ft
■ Figure P2.101
2.70is negligible,
p ! 0.416 andu both gates are hinged 3.36
2.105 The tankAn open 1248 lb!ft
rectangular
weight of the vertical gate P2.63 hastank is 2 m wide and 4m at long.
2.74 2.90
at one end as shown. Friction in thelbhinges is negligible. diameter P2.63
plug
The tankwhich3.40
contains
in Fig.
will 20.8
water poplb!s
to out aofif4-cm-diameter
a depth 2 the
plug
m and oil (SG ! 0.8) on
the
bottom on the right. All3 fluids are at 20°C. The plug will
2.76 12.19 ft hydrostatictopforce
pop on
of the water
3.42
out ittothereaches
if
a0.0119
depth of ft 25
hydrostatic
1!sm.N.
force onFor
Determine
iton
the magnitude and
is 25 N.end
Forofthis
location of the
3.44resultant fluid force acting one thecon-
tank.
2.78 7200 lb1.8 m 20°C fluids, what will
dition, whatbe 15.4
will bemthe
the reading
reading hhon onthe mercury manome-
door of a
ospheric *2.106 An open rectangular settling tank2 contains a liquid sus-
2.80Air 665 lb gate, 4m × 4m the manometer ter on3.46
the left0.223side? ft; 9.22 lb!ft
pensionwhen atthis happens?
Water
Hinge Horizontal
aalculate
pressure that3.48 a given time has5 kN!m
a specific weight that#6varies
Estimate h H2O 2.82 107 kPa 1.2 m
4 in 2.45 & 10 3
; 5.50 & 10 m3!sap-
2690 m 10 m proximately with depth according to the following data:
difficult” 2.84 3 m7.11 m; No A 3.50 3.19 ft
(b) an
2.86 Water FB ! $%R 3
!4 4 inR Solution: The water depth when the plug
3.52 0.0156 m3!s for any D
ground A Air
2 m pops out is h3.54 6.59 ft; B above AWater
(m) G (N"m3)
Meriam 1a2 9.00
d ft; 1b2 11,200 1c2 0 lb
Meriam 2.88 lb;gate,
aseboth
width Water Vertical
or Meriam Glycerin 50°
4m × 4m 2 4 2 1!4
ne wall of 4 m 2.90
Blue Blue
33,900 lb Blue
B 6 in 3.56 D ! D1![1 # 1p gD 2 1 z!8Q ]
79.8 lb/ft3.
gas with 2.92B 373 kN C
Hinge
F = 25 N = γ h CG A3.58 3.13 ft π (0.04) 10.0
=0 (9790)h
e horizon- 2m 0.4 CG H 10.1 Fig.
ature
aboveofthe
■ Figure P2.94 2.94 314 kN; 497 kN 3.60 2.94 m 4
P3.49
2.96 1680 lb 0.8 3 10.2
3.62 0.0758 ft !s; 499 lb!ft ; 488 lb!ft ; #11.7 lb!ft2
2 2
rfacewhen
is
area P2.60
2.100 or h =1.22.032
CG 3.64 1a2 m3.98 ft; 1b2 36.0 ft!s;
10.6 2
ea. Show,
alculate Hydrostatic
2.95 A Force on
gate having
3.63 ft Surfaces
Submerged
the cross section shown in Fig. 2.95 h 1.6 11.3#510 lb!ft
5ocated.
20 km closes 2.102 1a24 2.11 m;in1b2 941 kN 3.66
2.0 19.63 psi 12.3
density 3.50 an opening
■ Figure
Semicircular 5 ftplane
widegate
P2.102
2.104
and AB ft is
599 of
high
hinged a water
along reservoir.
B and held The
lb gravity is 1 ft to the left ofIt makes little numerical
by
3.68
2.4 difference,
6.262 m but the12.7 mercury-water interface
aced with gate weighs 500 lb, and its center
horizontal force FA applied at A. The liquid to the left of thethis, by the amount 2.8 cm
adeonasthe
the AC and 2 ft above BC.2.106
gate is water. Calculate the 426
Determine kN,
force FA 2.46
the horizontal
required m belowreactionsurface
that is
for equilibrium. 3.70 1a2 1.06 & 10 ; 1b2 3.02 & plus
(0.02 sin 50°) of plug-depth,
#3 12.9 10 #3 2 cm of tube le
Plug,
; 0.118
D = 4 cm
developed 2.103
on the gate 2.108
at C. 3.2 13.0
A thin 2.34 ft right-angle gate with negligible mass
4-ft-wide, 3.72 29.5 Pa
patm + 3.6 + 0.02 13.1
(9790)(2.032 m sin 50° + 0.02) − (133100)h
GO
a plane is free to pivot 2.110about0.146
a frictionless hingeWater at point O, as shown in Mercury 3.74 0 1gage2; 0.146
ts upper Fig. P2.103. 2.116
The horizontal
392 kN; portion
437 ofkN; theYes
gate covers a 1-ft-diameter P2.63 3.76 1a2 0.0696 m3!s; 1b2 0.574 m
ospheric drain pipe that contains air at atmospheric pressure. Determine the The depth h ! 0 correspondsor: to thehfree≈ 0.152
surface.
1!2
Ans. by
mDetermine,
2.118 581Glycerin
lb; 0.289the psigate will pivot to allow wa- means of numerical 3.78 H!H0 ! 1!11 " cx!L2 , where
he water minimum water depth, h, at which integration, the magnitude2 and location of the
H = 25 ft
ter to flow into 2.120 7.77 & 109 lb acting 406 fth above base *P2.64
the pipe. resultantGate
forceABC that cFig.
inthe ! P2.64
liquid 2
dmaxa !rV
2$Hsuspension
Ohas fixed 0 hinge
exerts on line
a at B and
vertical wallisof
ction of A F
he door. 2.1222 m64.4 kNA the tank2 that
m wide into the
3.80 0.0132 m !s
is 6 m wide. paper.
The The
3depth gate
of will
fluid open
in the at A to
tank release
is 3.6 m.
2.124 3360 psi water3.82
if the water depth
2.50vessel is high enough. Compute
in. of Fig. P2.107 contains water with the depth
0.3 atm, Gate:
A 2.107 The closed
Width = 4 ft R = 10 ft h for which
action? 2.126 203 kN downside view an air pressure3.84 of 10the gate will begin to open.
4psi at the water surface. One side of the ves-
2.128 3370 B 1 m882 lb
lb; sel contains 3.86
a spout 13.0that ispsi
closed by a 6-in.-diameter circular gate
the sur- Right-angle gate
2.130 485 kN that is hinged along one side as
C illustrated. The horizontal axis of
e when P3.50
60°
Water
3.88 0.607 ft3!s;
the hinge is located 10 ft below
1b2 21.3 ft
the water surface. Determine the
2.132 h Blb!ft3
46.8 3
3.51 A triangularHinge access port must be provided in the side of minimum torque 3.90 that0.123 be!s
must ft applied at the hinge to hold the gate
a plane a form containing P2.61 2.134concrete.
liquid 1.22 ft; Using
no change the coordinates and shut. Neglect3.92 0.400offtthe gate and friction at the hinge.
the weight
long its dimensions shown, 2.136 O
determine 786,000 lb; 315,000
the resultant forcelb that acts on 3.94 R ! 0.998 z1!4
Atmo- the port and its point 2.138 54,600 lb
of application. 1-ft-diameter pipe
3.100 A 404.5 kPa B
r. (a) If P2.62 Gate AB in Fig. P2.62 is 15 ft long and 8 ft wide into the 10 psi 20 cm
2.142 127 lb 3.102 252 kPa; 114 kPa h
at force EES paper and is hinged 3 ft at B with a stop 3 at A. The water is at
2.144 18.9 kPa; 0.208 m
20°C. The gate is 1-in-thick steel, SG ! 7.85. Compute 3.104 9.10 & 10 #3
m 3
!s; 57.9 kPa
order to 1m Air
2.146level
the water 681 lb at
h for 6.22the
which ft gate
to right
will of A to fall.
start 3.106 3120 ft3!s; 2080 ft3!s; 2200 ft3!s
ce gage ■ Figure P2.103 Water at 20°C
applied
2.148 89.5% y 3.108 155 N!m 102ft Axis
Liquid a = 1.25 ft 2
or from 2.150 8.63 ft!s
concrete 3.112 0.630 ft; 4.48 ft 6-in.-diameter
Port 2 Water
surface 2.152 1a2 68.9
2.104 The inclined face AD of the tank lb!ft ; 1b2 57.4 lb
Pulleyof Fig. P2.104 is a plane
3.116 6.10 & 10#3 m3!s gate
2.154 a 30' P2.64
d when surface containing gate ABC, which is hinged along line BC. The 3.118 1.016 in. 3
b = 1 ft
shape of the2.156 gateA ishshown
! a!!g in the plan view. If the tank contains 3.120 1.73 m 2
!s 4
water, P3.51
determine the magnitude 10,000
of thelbforce that the water exerts
n-cylin- 2.158 6.04 rad!s *P2.65 Gate AB in Fig. P2.65
3.122 25.4 m; 6.51 m; #9.59 m is semicircular, hinged at B, and
on the gate. ■ Figureheld P2.107
by a horizontal force P at A. What force P is required
tored in 3.52 A plane gate of2.160 uniform 5.76 ft
thickness holds back a depth of
to the water as shown. Find 2.162the 28.8
minimum kPa weight needed to keep for equilibrium?
Chapter 4
P2.66 Dam ABC in Fig. P2.66 is 30 m1!2
elevator the gate closed.
15 ft
Water 4.2 19y2 " 12y " 682 wide ft!sinto the paper and
made of concrete (SG !2 2.4). Find the hydrostatic force
he least Chapter 3 h 4.4 x ! y " y !2
require- on surface AB and its moment about C. Assuming no seep-
3.2 13.7 m!s 4.8
age of water xunder ! #2, the ydam, ! 2could this force tip the dam
ad is 10 4.10 x2 "change
y2 ! ifconstant
3.4 #30.0
θ = 30° 60˚
LkPa!m
=3m B Everywhere;
over? How does your argument there is seepage
800 kPa
P2.623.6 #0.838 psi!ft; 0.0292 psi!ft under4.14the dam? x ! #h 1u0!v02 ln 11 # y!h2
iameter
n have a 3.8
Water 1a2 #2ra2V 02 [1 # 1a!x22]!x3 4.18 10, 9, 6, 4 ft!s
Perform 1b2 p
w=2m 0 " rV 2
0 [1a!x2 2
# 1a!x2 4
!2] 4.20 2c2x3; 2c2y3; x ! y ! 0
system 3.12 12.0 kPa; #20.1 kPa 4.22 4xî " yĵ " zk̂
mulator P3.52 3.14 1a2 4.97 lb!ft ; 0.681 lb!ft
3 3
4.24 1a2 4ft!s2; 2 ft!s2; 1b2 negative
s safety 3.20 3.21trough
3.53 Consider a semicylindrical
2
N!mof radius R and length L. 4.26 10 ft!s; 10 ft!s2
11 2 9
 3.51 A triangular access port must be provided in the side of
a plane a form containing liquid concrete. Using the coordinates and
in Fig.
long its P2.74dimensions
for
shown, determine the resultant force that acts on
orce on the rect-
Atmo- the port and its point of application. 90 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics
e as
r. (a) the
If force   on COMPILADO PROBLEMAS DE FUERZAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES SUMERGIDAS:  
atbelow.
force Find the 90horizontal Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Staticsis half filled with a liq- hinged
et them
order toequal:   CENGEL – WHITE – MUNSON – FOX. 2.79 A 2-m-diameter conduit  
Ing. Waldo uid
Lizcano (SG
G. ! 1.6) and is capped at both ends with plane vertical within
ce gage
applied = γ RH
[(2R)(H)] 2
Liquid a = 1.25 ft
y
Problems 113
  90
surfaces.
is 200
2.79
uid
The
Chapter
kPa. (SG
A airhorizontal
Determine
! 1.6)
3
pressure2-m-diameter
FluidtheStatics
and
in the conduitconduit
resultant
is capped force
at
above the
both of the
is half
ends fluid
liquid
with
filledsurface
acting
plane
with a liq-
on
of the h
vertical
2.83 A w
+or4R/3 fromπ )[(π /2)R 2 ] concrete Fig. P2.74 one ofsurfaces.
the end The caps,airand locate in
pressure this theforce
conduit relativeabove to the
the liquid
bottomsurface
Port specifio
surface of the isconduit.
3.66 200gate
The kPa.shown Determine is hinged the resultantat H. The force gate of is the3 fluid
m wide acting whereon
3.702
2 2 3 2 2
dentRH when = (π /2)R
to keep * H
P2.74 + 2RIn
d ) Compuertas Inclinadas/3,
“soft’’ or: H
liquids − (
(lowπ /2)RH
bulk − 2R
modulus
b = 1 ft
/3 =
! ), 0it may be neces- 2.80
normal one to
Concrete of thetheis end
poured
plane caps, into
of and the
the locate
forms
diagram. this
as force
shown
Calculate relative
in Fig.the toforce
P2.80thetobottom suredwatds
sary to account for liquid compressibility in hydrostatic produce of athe
required atconduit.
set of
A steps.
to hold Determine
the gatethe weight of the sandbag needed magnitw
closed.
{(π /4)2 + 2/3}1/2
n-cylin- ] ≈ 1.92R
cen72367_ch03.qxd P3.51
calculations.Ans. An 10/29/04approximate2:22 densityPM relation
Page 118 would be to keep 2.80 the Concrete
bottomless forms into
is poured fromthe lifting
formsoff as theshown ground.
in Fig.The P2.80having
to s
weight of3-137
produce the a[Also
forms
set ofsolved
is 85
steps. using
lb, and
DetermineEES the onspecific
enclosed
the weight DVD
weightof ] ofsandbag
the the con- tical com
needed
tored in 3.52 A plane gate of uniform thickness holds back a depth of
Solution 1.5 m
A rectangular gate thatlifting
leans against off thetheground. floor with an an
3
! crete isto150 keep lb/ftthe. bottomless Hforms from The
2.84 h
to the water as ! "" d#Find
dpshown. $ a2 thed# minimum or ! p0 % needed
p weight a2(# & #to 0)
keep its lower edge by applying a and
normal force
F at its center.ofThe minimum
elevator the gate closed. # weight of the forms is 85 lb, the specific weight the con-
water. t
determined. 3
ure is hinged
he least Cengel 03.qxd at A, crete is 150 lb/ft . water 2i
paper, where a is2/22/06 the speed of5:26 soundAMand Page (p0, #0118 ) are the condi- Assumptions 1 Atmospheric
Open top A
3 m pressure acts on both sides of the the gate
require-and makes tions at the liquid surface z $ 0. Use this approximation 3 ft Water
8 in. risers convenience. 2 Friction at the hinge is negligible. 30°
resw
eadgateis 10 has density Sand Open top be zerow
s t. For to show that the density variation L = 3 mwith depth in a soft liq-
kPa what gate uid is # $ # e&gz/a2 where
3
800 θ = 30°
118
Properties
8 in. risers
We
3 ft take the density of water to be 1000 kg/m throughou 2.85 A t
ρ θ g is the acceleration of gravity
ction of (h, t, , ), P3.66 The length of the gate and the distance of the upper edgb
0 Sand the ve
iameter FLUID MECHANICS Analysis
and z is positiveWater upward. Then consider a vertical wall of
nn haveto lifta off the width b, extending 3.67 plane of the gate are mount2
nswer independent 3–134 A system 118from the surface
is equipped with(z $two 0) down
pressure to depth
gages and a rately A inlong, square
air. Consider wooden
a woodblock log that is pivoted
weighsalong 1540one N in edge.
air. top of t
Perform w=2m Open bottom
zPRESIÓN
$ & h. Find
manometer, Y ESTÁTICA
asanshown
analyticDEinFLUIDOS
expression
Fig. P3–134. for Forthe !hhydrostatic
" 8 cm, deter- IfThe block34
it takes is in
kgbequilibrium
of lead
=
3 m (r "
10 in.= tread
when immersed
4.24311,300 m and kg/m 3 in 0water .5 m to the
s )= to completely = 0.7071 m rectangm
system force Ftheon pressure
this wall,difference
and compare it" with the incompress- depth shown. Evaluatesin 45 thewater, specific gravity the of sin the45wood, if
3-134 mine Un sistema se equipa con !P dos P #
manómetros P . de carátula sink the log and the lead in determine average den- of the t
mulator P3.52 2
2 1
■ Figure
completo
friction inP2.80
junto the con
pivot el plomo,
is negligible. determine la densidad
Open bottom promedio
ible result F $ #0gh b/2. Would the center of pressure be sity of the log. Answer: 835 kg/m 3 shaft. r
sacts
safetydown at 3.53 theyConsider
uno de tubo en U, como se muestra en la figura P3-134. Para del tronco.The Respuesta: average pressure 835 kg/m on10a in.surface
3 tread is the pressure at the centroid (midpoin
force
B. The hydrostatic
below the
!h " 8 cm, determine
incompressibletrough
a semicylindrical
Fig.laP2.75
position z $ &R2h/3?
of radius
diferencia de presión !P " P2 # P1.
and length L.
3–137■ FigureThethe surface, P2.80 and multiplying Lit by the
200-kg, 5-m-wide rectangular gate shown an plate area
Air gives the resultant hydrosao
omplete 3-137
2.81 Forms Una
used compuerta
to make a concrete rectangular basement de 200wallkg arey shown
5 m dein axiss
*P2.75 Develop Gate AB in expressions
general Fig. P2.75 isfor hinged
the at A, has width
magnitude andb line into theof on the surface,
in Fig. P3–137 is hinged at B and leans against 3.71
the way downaction
mpletely the of the hydrostatic force on one end, if the trough is par- Fig. P2.81. Each
paper, and makes smooth contact at B. The gate has den- d 4-ft-long
ancho, = 0.5que m se form is helden
muestra together
la figuraby four P3-137, ties—twoestá a 5f
ginning
Why? to lift tially off,”filled
there is no force thethefloor at Atwo FRat= the
making Pavg an ρ ghCas
A = angle A of 45° with the horizontal.
sity with
#s and uniform
water andatopen B. Summing
thickness
moments
t. For what Plot
to atmosphere. gate thedensityresults #s, at
articulada topen
2.81 andForms
B y se used
apoya tobottom
makeWood
contra indicated.
aelconcrete
piso L =basement
en Determine
1.0formando
A, m wallthe areten-
un shown inmaga
án-
dn at
in A theand
The in
sion gate theis to beand
upper openedlower from
ties.La its lower
Assume edge byacts
concrete applying
asfour
a fluid a⎛
expressed as a function
(in nondimensional form) over of (h,the t, #,range
'), willofthewater gate just depth be- gulo deFig. 45° P2.81.
conatlaEach ( 4-ft-long
horizontal.
=center.
1000 3 kg/m
3form
)( is held
compuerta
9.81 m/s 2 together
) 2sem )va
(minimum ( byabrir
5 ×a4.243 2ties—two
mpor ) 1 kN
spacing is normal
with a at force
weight
the top of its
150
and lb"ft
two at. theDetermine
bottom as the
indicated. force
Determine F ⎜the ten-abo
0 # d/Rgin # 1. to lift off the bottom? Why is your answer indepen- su borde inferior Water
por medio de la aplicación
Problems de una fuerza
89 nor- ⎝ 1000 kg ⋅m
2L h required toinopen the water gate. ties. Answer: 520concrete
kN poin
cosθ = F , F = ρdent g bL of ,gate = ρs gbLt
Wlength L and width b? Air mal en sion su centro. the Determine
upper= 416 and kNlowerla fuerza Assume
mínima F
Pivot, O necesaria actsparaas a fluidWate
3 2 with a weight of 150 lb"ft3.
abrir la compuerta.
The 10 in.
distance Respuesta:
of the pressure 520 kN from the free surface of water along t
center
3.54 A rectangular gate (width w 5 2 m) is hinged as shown, 3.60 A large open tank
P3.67 contains water and is connected to a
e density of thewith gate. L and
a stop onbthe and g drop
lower edge. ∆hAt what depth H will the gate tip?
out! 6-ft-diameter conduit the gate isas shown. A circular plug is used to
C 3.68 A solid 10 1
concrete in.ft dam is to be built to hold back a depth
A seal the conduit. Determine b the bmagnitude, 2 direction,
4.2430.5the mand 4.243 2
1m 2h Manometer D ofTiewater. y P of
For = sthe
+ of
ease + construction =plug.
0the
.7071 + of
walls + dam must =
ρs = ρ fluid
Ans. location of the force water
2 12(1s ft+ b / 2)on the 2 12(0.7071 + 4.243 / 2)
3 t cosθ SG = 2.67
be planar. Your supervisor
Water
asks you to consider B the following
Water dam cross-sections: a rectangle, a right triangle
Oil The Tiedistance of the pressure center from the hinge atwith pointthe B is
3m H Concrete
L Hinge #
SG = 0.87 hypotenuse in contact with the water, and a right triangle with
0.55 m h L P = y9P ft− s = 3.359 − 0.7071 = 2.652 m
Stop
the vertical in contact with the water. She 3wishes
10 ft
m you to ■ Fig
P2.76 is circular. Compute (a) the hydrostatic force of the 0.45 m Form Concrete
determine Taking which of theseabout
the moment would point require
B and the least
F setting it equal amount to zero ofgives
its center of pressure; and (c) the moment t of this force about concrete. What will your report say? You decide to look at
3.72
P1 P3.54 P2 Form M B = 0 1045° ft F L = Fb / 2 c 5A
c02FluidStatics.qxd '2/22/12 5:51 PM Page 90 one more possibility:
Water a nonright R P
triangle,
D = 6 ft as shown. Develop 2.86
mag
to let fresh 3.55 For P2.75 a mug of tea (65 mm diameter), imagine it cut and plot an expression
Solving for F and substituting,
A the cross-section area A as a
for the required force is determined to bedue
shown
symmetrically FIGURE BP3–134
in half by a vertical plane. Find the force that function of a, and find the minimum cross-sectional area. charge2
hinge at A FIGURE P3–137 2 FR L P Plug requ
each half experiences due to an 80-mm depth of tea. 2( 416 kN)(2.652 m) shut ags
ean level h F = 1 ft = = 520 kN
b 4.243 m on the c
vert
ht. 3.56 FIGURA Gates in the Poe Lock at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, close
P3-134 FIGURA P3-137
P3.60 Water of equ
the s
*P2.76 Consider
W 5 34the m angled Lgate ABC in Fig.and P2.76, 5 hinged at C
a channel 3–135 An wide,
oil pipeline 5 360 m long,
and a 1.3-m 3D rigid 10air m deep.
tank 3.61
are con- ■ Figure
What holds P2.81
up a car
Discussion onThe 1 rubber
ft
itsapplied forcetires? Most
is inversely people proportional to the distano
The geometryand of width b into the paper. Derive an analytic formula 3–138 Repeat Prob. 3–137 for a water height of 1.2 m
nected oftoone eachpairother
of gates byis ashown; each gateasis shown
manometer, hinged in Fig. would above tell you the required
that force
D
it atis B. the can air be reduced by
pressure insideapplying the the force at a lower point oo
tires.
for the horizontal force P required at the top for equilib- the hinge
at the channelP3–135.wall. If the When
tank closed,
contains the 15gatekg edges
of air at are80°C,forced determineHowever, 3-138 the Figure
■Repita
air pressureel P2.81
problema is the3-137 BMAns.qxd
same con una
all around altura
2/15/12 the del hub9:01aguaPMde Page ANS
3-135
together 90
rium, Se
(a)attheas conectan
a function
Chapter
theabsolute
entre
2of■the
center pressure
of the sí una
angle
Fluidchannel
in the
tubería de
'. by water pressure.
Statics aceite y
pipeline and (b) the change (inner
un tanque
in 1.2 2.82
3–139m
wheel), por A A structure 6-m-wide
3-m-high,
arriba
and the de la
air
is attachedrectangular
articulación
pressure inside
to the oceangate
en B.
the tire
floorisashinged
therefore
shown at in
rígido de aire mediante un manómetro, como seradius
muestra and en la Fig. P2.82. A 2-m-diameter hatch is located
P2.77
Evaluate Thethe
!h circular
forcethe
when gate ABCby
exerted
temperature intheFig.
inP2.77
water theon has
gate
tank a 1-m
A. Determine
drops to 20°C. Assumepushesthe down top fromedge at Atop
the andas ismuch restrained as it pushesby ina an inclined
fixed
up from ridge wallat andB.
figura
is P3-135.
hinged
2.79 A and at Si
B.
horizontal el tanque
Compute the contiene
force P 15
just kg de
sufficientaire toa 80°C,
keep de- 3-139 Una
2.82 compuerta A structure rectangular is attached de 3 m
to the de alto
ocean y 6 m de
floorbyasthe an-
shown in
the magnitude the pressure in the2-m-diameter
direction oilofpipeline
the force toconduit
remainis constant,
components half exerted
filledand withthe
a liq-
air hinged
Determine on one the edge. Determine
hydrostatic force the minimum
exerted on air
the pressure,
gate p 1,
termine
by the the uid gate la!presión
a) the
on from
(SG opening
1.6) and absoluta
when
is capped en 8weight
h the
$ lam.both
tubería
Neglect yatmospheric
b) el plane
cambio enbelow, cho
having no net effect on the
está thearticulada
Fig. P2.82. A en el will
2-m-diameterbordeα b hub. Resolve this paradox
superior
hatch is en y está
ANeglect
located incenter.
antherestringida
inclined wall and
gate
volume hinge.
in the (Neglect
manometer to beat negligible ends
of the with
gate.)
relative vertical
to the vol-
by within
5-m-high
explaining container
wherewaterthe and that
the
force location
is open
that the
ofFree
keeps hatch.
the pressure
surface
the car off the weight
cuando
!h pressure.
surfaces. laThetemperatura
air pressure eninelthetanque
conduit desciende
above thehasta liquid20°C.
surface mediante
of the hatch unand reborde
frictionenin B. the Determine
hinge.b la fuerza hidrostática
ume Planof the tank.
view: y
Suponga
P2.78 Repeat que
is 200 Prob. la presión
kPa. Determine
2.77 to derive en la tubería
theHinge
resultant
an analytic de aceite
force permanece
of the fluid
expression cons-ground.
for Pacting on ejercida sobre la compuerta por el agua con 5 liquid
m de altura y la
2.83 An open rectangular container contains asurface that has a
tante one
as ya que
of theel volumen
function end h. Isde
of caps, and aire
there en elthis
locate manómetro
force relative es despreciable
to the bottom 3.62 ubicación
The circular del access
centro P3.68 Seawater
port
de presión. in the side of Free a water stand-
x anything unusual about your 10 m weight that varies according to the ANS-2
specific equation # ! c1Answers $ c2h, to Selecte
of the conduit.
consolution?
relación al volumen del tanque. pipe has
3.69
where
a diameter of 0.6 m and is held in place by eight bolts
1 and
cFor the are constants
c2geometry shown, andwhat
Seawater
h is ais vertical
the vertical coordinate force on mea-
the 3.73
P2.79 Gate 2.80 ABC Concretein Fig.is P2.79
poured isinto
Gate 1 Amthesquare
forms and asisshown
hinged B. P2.80evenly
in atFig. to sured spaced
dam? downward
The
aroundfrom the circumference.
steps arethe 0.5 free m high, surface.
30°0.5 m If theanstandpipe
Derive
deep, and equation
3 m wide. for the
10 m
3 diameter is 7 m and the center of the 2 mport 2.64
is located 0.304 12 m ft form
Itproduce
willOilopen a set
Water automatically
of steps. Determine when the Wthe water
= weight
34 mlevel of hthe becomes
sandbag needed
1.3 m magnitude of the liquid force exerted on one wall of the container 2
belowhaving the free Hatch
surface of height
theHinge water, 2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31 # 1d
the "
high SG
to keep = 2.68
the bottomless
enough. Determine forms
the fromheight
lowest liftingforoffwhich the ground.
the 80°CThe
Air, a width b and H anddeterminean equation
30°
(a)that thegives totalthe ver- A
h = 75 15° cm
weight of the forms is 85 lb, and the specific weight of the con- tical coordinate of this force on the port and (b) the force. p
appropriate bolt 2.68
diameter. 36,000 lb by t
Air Water
pressure, A
crete is 150 lb/ft . 3
∆h = 20 cm Hatch 1 2.70 p ! 0.416 u
3.63 As 2.84water rises on the
A long, left
vertical side Hinge of the rectangular
Water wall separates2.74 seawater gate, fresh
2.90from lb 3-90 B
A
the water.
gate willIf the seawater
PROPRIETARY
open stands
automatically. at
MATERIALa
At depth m p of. depth
3what 7
© m,
2006Gate
whatThedepth
above McGraw-Hill
the of fresh- Companies,
P3.56 Air pressure, 2.76 12.19 youftare
1
3D Open top hinge water■ Figure
will is required
this P2.82to
teachers
occur? andgive
Neglecteducators
a the
zeromassfor course
resultant of the preparation.
force gate. on theIfwall? a student■using
When Figu
3.57 A section of vertical wall is to be constructed from ready-
the resultant force is zero, will the moment
Dam2.78
B due to 7200
the fluid lb forces
8 in. risers 3 ft A
mix concrete poured between forms. The wall is to be 3 m be zero? 2.80 665B lb
Sand D = 4 mm ■ Explain.
Figure P2.82 3 ft ■
high, 0.25 m thick, and 550° m wide. Calculate Mercury the force exerted Gate 2.82 107 kPa
2.85 A gate having the
FIGURE P3–139 shape shown in Fig. P2.85 is located in
by the ready-mix concrete on each SG form.= 13.6 Determine the line
5 ftof P3.69
2.84 7.11 m; No
the vertical
D side an open tank containing water. The gate3 is
of application of the force. 12 ft2.86 FB ! $%R !4
mounted on a horizontal shaft. (a) When the water level is at the
3.58 A window FIGURE P3–135 in the shape of an isosceles triangle and top of the gate, determine the magnitude of 2.88the fluid 1a2force 9.00 on 1b2 11,200 lb
ft; the
Open bottom 3–140 Hinge
RepeatFIGURA Prob. 3–139 P3-139 forWater a total water 2.90 height 33,900 C of lb 2 m.
 bottom
where on the right.
c1 and c2 areAll fluids are
constants andath 20°C. The plug
is a vertical will
coordinate mea-
2.80 Concrete is poured Hingeinto the forms as shown in Fig. P2.80 to pop suredoutdownward
if theStophydrostatic
from theforce freeon it is 25Derive
surface. N. Foran this con- for the
equation
r, and stop produce a set of steps. C1.8Determine
m the weight of the sandbag needed dition, magnitude
what of willthebeliquid force exerted
the reading h on theon one wall
mercury of the container
manome-
00
with lbf.a For
liq- hinged ontoone keep edge.the Determine
bottomless the formsminimum
from liftingair pressure,
off the pground.
1, The ter having
on thea width
left side? b and height H and an equation that gives the ver-
ne vertical within theweight container of C Hinge
thatforms
the will "open
is 85the lb, hatch.
and theNeglect
specifictheweight
weightof the con- tical coordinate of this force.
uid surface
r. Suppose
 
of the hatch
Chapter
9 ft
2 •
and
crete friction
Pressure
is 150
OMPILADO
Distribution
lb/ft ma FluidP ROBLEMAS DE F
in3.the1.2hinge.
in 89UERZAS SOBRE WaterS UPERFICIES h
4m UMERGIDAS :  
SGasoline
P2.59 CWater B
ENGEL – WHITE – MUNSON – FOX .
A 2.84 A long, vertical wall separates seawater from fresh
on  2.83 An open rectangular
water. If the seawater stands at a depth of 7 m, what  depth of fresh-
acting
eaks when container contains a liquid that has a
Water surface
he
h !bottom # ! c1 $Ing. c2h,Waldo Lizcano waterG.
.433 m vertically
13 ft. specific belowweight hCG =varies according
A, so that Hinge
2 m to the equation Open top is required to give a zero resultant Water force on the wall? When
Glycerin
433 = 1.567 m, *P2.60 and wec1Find
where may
and3 compute
c2 are
the
ft
8 in. risers
net constants
hydrostatic
3 ft andforceh is per
a vertical
unit width coordinate
on the mea-
rec-   ■ Figure
the resultant P2.99
force is zero, will the moment due to the50° fluid forces
g.erin force
P2.80
ar opening toand its
sured line of action:
downward from the free surface. B Derive
tangular gate AB in Fig. P2.60 and its line of action.
B SandA an equation for the be zero? Explain.
bag needed *P2.61 magnitude Gateof ABthe inliquid
Fig. force
P2.61exerted on one wall of the container
a 200-kg 2isma homogeneous mass of 180 kg, 2.85 A gate having the Hshape shown in Fig. P2.85 is located in
hA
ound.= (12360)(1.567)(1.2)
The having a1.2 = 23242
width N into
b and height
the H and an equation
at A,thatandgives theonver- 2.100 A 4-ft
C. At what m wide paper, hinged resting a the vertical side
c02FluidStatics.qxd of by an 3-ft
open massless rectangular
tank containing
2/22/12 5:51 PM water.gate
PageTheis93
used
gate to is
of
thethe con- tical
(1/12)(1.2)(1)
weight 3 coordinate
sin 60 of this force.
° smooth bottom at B. All fluids are at 20°C. For what wa- close the on enda of the water tank(a) shown inthe
Fig. P2.100. Ais 200-lb
mounted horizontal shaft. When water level at the
− =P2.60
− Figure
■0.0461 m P2.96 weight attached to the arm the of the gate at a of distance / from
(1.567)(1.2)2.84 A
ter depth long,
h will vertical
the forcewallatseparates
point B be seawater
zero? from fresh top of the gate, determine magnitude the fluid forcetheonfric-
the
water. If the seawater stands at a depth of 7 m, what Open bottom
depth of fresh- h tionless hinge is just sufficient to keep the gate closed when the
10 in. tread rectangular portion of the gate above the shaft and the magnitude
re shown on the water is required
freebody to give a zero resultant force on the wall? When
at right. water
of depthforce
the fluid is 2 on ft, the
thatsemicircular
is, when theportion water of fillsthethe
gatesemicircular
below the
■
2.97Figure P2.80
The massless, 4-ft-wide duegate shownfluidinforces
Fig. P2.97 piv- shaft.lower (b)portion
ter force and the resultant
its line force are
of action is zero, will the moment to the For of 2the
this cm tank.fluid
same If thedepth
waterdetermine
were deeper, the
Plug,
the gate would
moment of the
be zero?because ots about
Explain. the frictionless hinge O. It is held in place by the 2000 lb force open. acting
Determine distance /. portion of the
on thethesemicircular
without numbers, they D =gate4 cm with respect to
counterweight, w. Determine the water depth, h.
upon the centroidal 2.85 A depth gate onForms
2.81having the theused shapeto make
showna in concrete
Fig. P2.85 basement in shown in an axis that coincides with the shaft.
wall are
is located
de: the verticalFig. sideP2.81.
of anEach open 4-ft-long form isWater
tank containing held together
water. The by gate is ties—two Mercury
four "
Hinge
mounted on a horizontal shaft. (a) When the water level is at the the ten- P2.63
at the top and two at the bottom as indicated. Determine Hinge
Fw = (9790)h (1.2)
top of the sion gate,indetermine
CGthe upper and lower ties. Assume concrete acts as a fluid
the
Glycerinmagnitude of the fluid force on the 1 ft
Open to atmosphere
rectangularGate with a weight
portion 3 ofgate
of the 150 lb"ft3. the shaft and theWater
(1/12)(1.2)(1) sin 60° above 0.0722 magnitude *P2.64 Gate 200 lb
ABC in Fig. P2.64 has a fixed hinge line 2 ft at B 3and ft is
of the = − force on the semicircular
y CP fluid = − portion of the gate h below the h Gate radius
h (1.2) h CG Water Water
2 m wide into the paper. The gate will open at A to release 6 m
shaft. (b) For thisCG same
2 m fluid depth determine the moment of the
10 in.
force acting on the semicircular portionAof the gate with respect to water if the water depth Shaftis high enough. Compute 4 ft the depth
ight of the gate, W = 180(9.81) = 1766 N, acts at the centroid, as shown above. h for which the gate will begin to open. 3m
ee shown an axis that coincides with the shaft. ■ Figure P2.100
force atinB equals zero, we may sum moments1 ftcounterclockwise about A to find
Pivot O
1m 3m
ties—two
er depth: Width = 4 ft O
ne the ten- Tie
2 ft C WaterSide view
as a fluid ! MA = 0 = (23242)(0.5461) +B3(1766)(0.5 ft 60° cos60°) 2.101 The rigid gate, OAB, ofofFig. gate P2.101Hinge
Rta: a)1010
is hinged at O and KN -
rests
b) 1370 KN*m
− (9790)h CG (1.2)(0.5 + 0.0722/h CG ) against a rigid support at B. What minimum
BMAns.qxd 2/15/12 9:01 PM Page ANS-2 horizontal force, P, is
P2.61
Concrete required to hold the gate closed if its width is 3 m? Neglect the
Water 6m
Solve for h CG,water = 2.09 m, or: h = h CG + 0.433 ! = 2.52 m Ans. weight of the gate and friction in the hinge. The back4of m the gate
Form Shaft
10 ft
is Figure to
■ exposed P2.85
the atmosphere.
P2.62 Gate ■ FigureAB in Fig. P2.97 P2.62 is 15 ft long and 8 ft wide into the
A 20 cm B
2.102 A rectangular gate that is 2 Bm wide A his located in the
paper and is hinged at B with a stop at A. The water is at
3 m P
Gate AB in Fig. P2.62 is
EES
15 ft longgate is 1-in-thick steel, SG ! 7.85. Compute 2.86
verticalA wall
pump of a tank
supplies containing
water underwater as
pressureshown to ainlargeFig. P2.102.
tank as
20°C.
*2.98 The A 200-lb homogeneous gate 10 ft wide and 5 ft long is 1mshown
It is desired
in Fig. to have
P2.86. the
The gate open
circular-plateautomatically
valve fitted when
in the
the depth
short dis-of
t wide into the paper, the hinged at level
B Side view
water
hinged at pointhAfor ofwhich
and held in
gate theplace
gate by willa 12-ft-long
start to fall.brace as shown charge water abovepipe thethe
on
Water topattank
of the
20°C gate about
pivots reachesits10diameter
m.
2m (a) At A–Awhat anddistance,
is held
stop at A. The e ) gate is 1-in-thick
Compuertas
in Fig. P2.98. As Verticales
the bottom of the con braceEje is moved to the right, the shut d, should
against thethefrictionless
water pressure ANS-2
horizontal Answers
shaftatbeB.located?
by a latch Show that tothe
(b) Selected
Whatforce is Even-Num
SG = 7.85. Compute the 20°C 1 ft ■ Figure P2.101
water level remains at the top of the gate. The line of action of the on thethemagnitude of the
latch is independent forceof onthethesupply
gate when
pressure,it opens?
p, and the height
evel h for which Intermedio the gate will start
of the tank, h. 2.64 0.304 ft
■ Figure■P2.85 Figure P2.81 Pulley P2.64 2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31 # 1d 2 " 18.61d "
36,000 lb Supply Pressure p2.68
n: Only the length (h csc 60°) Aof Fig. P2.62
10,000 lb
lies below the2.86
water.AOnly
pumpthissupplies
2.82 part A water
structureunder pressure
is attached totothea ocean
large tank
floor as *P2.65
as shown in 2.70 phinged
Gate AB in Fig. P2.65 is semicircular, ! 0.416 at B, u and
shown in Fig.
Fig. P2.82. A 2-m-diameter hatch isfitted
P2.86. The circular-plate valve locatedin the short
in an dis- wall and
inclinedheld by a horizontal force P at A.2.74Water 2.90 lb
What force P is required
charge pipe on the tank pivots about its diameter A–A and is held for equilibrium? 10 m 2.76 12.19 ft
shut against the water pressure by a latch at B. Show that the force
Water Dam ABC in Fig. P2.66 is 30 m2.78
P2.66 wide into 7200thelbpaper and
on the latch is independent
BMAns.qxd 15offt the supply pressure,
2/15/12 p,
FreePM
9:01 and
surface the height
Page ANS-2
of the tank, h. h made of concrete (SG ! 2.4). Find 2.80
Water the hydrostatic
665 lb force
d
on surface ABh and its moment about 2.82C. Assuming
107 kPa no seep-
Seawater 4m
Supply age of water under the dam, could2.84this 7.11
forcem; tip No
the dam
10 m Pressure p
60˚ B over? How does your argument change
2.86 ifFBthere ! $%R is seepage
3
!4
s shown in P2.62 under the dam?
30° 2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,200 lb; 1c2 0 lb
d wall and
Hatch
2.90 33,900 lb
Hinge A A 2.92 373 kN
ANS-2
Air pressure, p1 Answers to Selected Even-Numbered Homework Problems 2.94 314 kN; 497 kN
Water ■ Figure P2.102
h
B 2.96 1680 lb
2.64 0.304 ft 3.28 46.52.100 m!s 3.63 ft
■ Figure P2.82 ■ Figure P2.86 2.102 1a2 2.11 m; 1b2 941 kN
2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31 # 1d 2 " 18.61d " 12821!2]!2 3.32
2.103 GO A ft!s
20.9 thin 4-ft-wide, right-angle gate with negligi
2.68 36,000 lb is3.34
free to45.7
pivot2.104
ftabout599 lb
a frictionless hinge at point O, as s
2.70 p ! 0.416 u Fig. P2.103.
3.36 1248 2.106
The 2426 kN,
horizontal
lb!ft 2.46ofmthe
portion below surfacea 1-ft-
gate covers
A A 2.74 2.90 lb drain pipe that
3.40 20.8 lb!s 2.108
contains 2.34 airftat atmospheric pressure. Deter
minimum water depth,
2.110 3 0.146h, at which the gate will pivot to al
2.76 12.19 ft 3.42 0.0119the
ter to flow into
!s
ft pipe.
B 2.78 7200 lb 3.44 15.42.116 m 392 kN; 437 kN; Yes
3.46 0.223 2.118 581 lb!ft
lb; 0.2892 psi
2.80 665 lb ft; 9.22 9
■ Figure P2.86 2.120 7.77 & 10 lb acting 406 ft above b
2.82 107 kPa 3.48 2.45 & 10 kN!m ; 5.50 & 10#6 m3!s
Width = 4 ft 5 3
2.122 64.4 kN
2.84 7.11 m; No 3.50 3.19 ft
Right-angle gate2.124 3 3360 psi
2.86 FB ! $%R3!4 3.52 0.0156 m !s for any D
2.126 203 kN down Water
2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,200 lb; 1c2 0 lb 3.54 6.592.128 ft; B 3370above
h A 882
lb; lb
2.90 33,900 lb 3.56 Hinge
D !2.130D1![1485 # kN 1p gD14 z!8Q2]1!4
2

2.92 373 kN 3.58 3.132.132 ftO 46.8 lb!ft3

2.94 314 kN; 497 kN 3.60 2.942.134 m 1.22 ft; no change 1-ft-diameter pipe
2.96 1680 lb 3.62 0.0758 2.136 ft3!s; 499 lb!ft
786,000
2
; 488 lb!ft
lb; 315,000
2
lb ; #11.7
3 ft 2
 e it cut c02FluidStatics.qxd 2/22/12 5:51 PM Page 91
orce that
4m tensores
the lengthcolocados cada Calculate
of the trough. 6Am a lothe largo de lainlongitud
tension de la
each cable ■ Figu
a. Plug artesa.theCalcule
when trough4 la
is tensión
filled to en
the cada
rim. cable cuando
Answer: 5510laN artesa está
ft Gate
B llena hasta el borde. Respuesta: 5510 N
an, close P3.60 B B C
force t
m deep.  3.61 What holds up COMPILADO PROBLEMAS DE FUERZAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES SUMERGIDAS
a car on its rubber tires? Most people
Cable :  
the ma
3 ft
s hinged   would tell youFIGUREFIGURA
CENGEL
that P3-66
it is the – airW HITE –inside
pressure MUNSON the tires.– FOX . Cable
  functio
e forced P3–66
However, the air pressure is the same all around the Ing. hub Waldo Lizcano G. the cal
pressure. ■ Figure P2.95 ligible.
etermine
3-67
3–67
Vuelva
(inner wheel), anda the
Reconsider
considerar
Prob.
el problema
air pressure
3–66.
inside the
Using
3-66.
tireUse
EES
el soft-
therefore
(or other)  
pushes down warefrom the (o
de EES topcualquier
as muchotro as it pushes up
programa fromti-
de este 0.75 m 2.99
exerted c02FluidStatics.qxd software, investigate the effect of water depth on 45° 45°
po) below, having
e investigue noel net effect
efecto de on
2/22/12 la the hub.
profundidad
5:51 Resolve
PM delPage this
agua
92 paradox
sobre la 2.96
2.87 GO 0.75 A
A gate
m having the 4-ft-wide,
homogeneous, cross section shown rectangular
8-ft-long in Fig. P2.96 is
gate contain
2.92
ate.) the
by force exerted
explaining where on the
the force
plate isbythat
thekeeps
ridge.the
Letcartheoffwater
the 45° 45° as show
fuerza que se ejerce sobre la placa por el borde. Suponga que la 4weighing
ft wide and800 islb hinged
is held atin C. Thebygate
place
Hinge weighs 18,000
a horizontal flexiblelb,cable
and its
as P2.92
fprofundidad
)ground.
Compuertas
depth vary from 0 m
del agua varía condesde
to 5 m Contrapesos
in increments of 0.5 m.
0 hasta 5 m, en incrementos
Tabulate
mass
showncenter
in Fig.is P2.87.
1.67 ft Water
to the acts
rightagainst
of the plane BC. Determine the 2Determ
mw
and plot your results. Articulación the gate, which is hinged is
de3.62 0.5 m.
TheHaga una tabla
circular accessy port
traceinla the
gráfica
sidedeof sus resultados.
a water stand- FIGURE
vertical
at point P3–71
reaction at Ainonthe
A. Friction thehinge
gate when the waterDetermine
is negligible. level is 3 ftthe
above
ten- of slow
the
3–68E The flow ofofwater from a held
reservoir is controlled by a the
sionbase. Allcable.
inFIGURA
the contact surfaces are smooth. will th
pipe has a diameter 0.6 m and is in place
3-68I El flujo de agua desde un recipiente se controla por una by eight bolts P3-71
5-ft-wide L-shaped
evenly spaced gatethe
around hinged at point A, Ifas the shown in Fig.
compuerta con forma de L y circumference.
de 5 ft de ancho, articulada standpipe
en el 3–72 Repeat Prob. 3–71 for the case of a partially filled
P3–68E.
diameter Ifis it7 is
m desired
and the that
centertheofgate
the open
port iswhen
locatedthe 12water
m trough with a water height of 0.45 ftm directly above the hinge.
punto A, como se muestra en la figura P3.68I. Si se desea que
height
below isthe12free
ft, determine
surface of the
the mass
water,ofdetermine
the required (a)weight
the totalW. 3-72 A Repita el problema 3-71 para el caso de isuna artesa semi-
la compuerta
Answer: 92
force on30,900
se abra
the port lbm
cuando
Chapter 2 ■la Fluid
altura Statics
del agua sea de 12 ft, de-
and (b) the appropriate bolt diameter. 3–73 retaining wallCable
against a mud slide to60°
be con-
termine la masa del peso necesario W. Respuesta: 30,900 lbm llena y con una altura del agua de 0.4 m directamente arriba de
Hinge
structed by placing 0.8-m-high and 0.2-m-wide rectangular
3.63 As water rises on the left side of the rectangular gate, la articulación.
concrete blocks (r ! 2700 C kg/m3) side by side, as shown in O
the gate will open automatically. At 5what
ft depth above the
3-73P3–73.
Fig. Se debeThe construir un muro Answers
friction coefficient de to the
contención
between Selected
contraProblems
ground un de- 841
and
hinge will this occur? Water
Neglect the mass of the
W gate.
m ready- B 5 pies rrumbe
the de
9 ft lodo
concrete blocks con is bloques
f ! 0.3, rectangulares
and the 12density
ft deofconcreto
the mud (r
Moveable is ! Wate
A 3.17 p 5 6.39 h 5 39.3 mm 53ft
be 3 m A kPa (gage)
B 2 700
about kg/m
1800Water
3) de
kg/m .0.8 m
There Gate
de
is altura
concern y 0.2
that m
the de stop
ancho,
concrete como
blocks se ■ Fig
8 ft Wft B
exerted Gate 3.19 p3 5 128 kPa (gage) muestra
may slideenorWater
latipsurface
figura
over P3.73.
the El
lower coeficiente
Braceedge as
left de fricción
the mud entre
level el
A Water θ Gate
the line 3.21 H 5 17.75 mm suelo Determine
rises. y los bloques the es 0.3, yatla which
A f !height
mud densidad (a) del
6 ft ft lodo
8the es will
blocks alrede- 2.93
D 5 ft Hinge 3 ft ■ Figu
Gate 12
3.23
ft
h 5 1.67
15 ftin
dor de 1 800 kg/m3. Existe B
la preocupación
A
de que los bloques the end
A ■ Figure P2.98 Hinge
ngle and de concreto puedan resbalarse
0.2 m o voltearse sobre el borde iz- tank fi
Hinge 12 ft Compuerta
Water
3.25 Amplification factor 5 5.78
orm that 4 ft Gate 15O pies C quierdo inferior conforme suba elA nivel del lodo. Determine la at its b
2.100
m force 12 pies B 3.27 p 5 24.76kPa
ft (gage) h 5 0.116 m Rta: 1350 Lb the cen
close t
C 8 ft
force that the brace exerts on the gate is along the brace. (a) Plot Determ
w closed 3.29 l 5 1.600 m ■ Figure
■
the Figure
magnitude
P2.96
P2.87 of the force exerted on the gate by the brace as a weight
Plot the 3 ft gate th
tionles
P3.63 3.31 l 5 0.549 m
P3.64 function of the angle of the gate, u, for 0 ! u ! 90". (b) Repeat same id
FIGURE P3–68E the 0.8 m
calculations for thegate
caseMud
in which the5 weight water
3.64 The■ gate
Figure
AOC shown is 6 ft wide3.33
P2.95 56
and iss hinged along O. 2.88
2.97 A rectangular
The massless, 64-ft-wide
rmft tallh and
gate ft wideof
shown
the
thegate
ininFig. sideis of
P2.97
neg-
an
piv- lower p
ligible.
open Common
tank is held on
in the
place result
by the u → F0.as indicated in Fig. P.2.88.
asforce
ots about the frictionless hinge O. It is held in place by the 2000 lb open. D
Neglecting
3–69E FIGURA
the weight
Repeat P3-68I
Prob. of the gate,
3–68E for a determine
water
3.35 height
h5 the offorce
7.85 8mmft.in bar
s 5 0.308
The weightAn
2.99 of the
open gate is negligible,
tank has a andpartition
vertical the hinge at O
and on isone
friction-
side
AB. The gate is sealed at C. counterweight, w. Determine the water depth, h.
3.37 l5 0.407 mof radius less. (a) gasoline
Determine thea water
3–70 A2.96 water trough of having
A gate semicircular
the crosscross section
section shown Fig. P2.96 is contains
in be with densitydepth,
r # 700h, ifkg/m
the resultant
3
at a depth hydrostatic
of 4 m,
3.65 The gate
0.5 m consists
3-69I Repita
shown
elofproblema
4 ft wide two is
and
is 3
symmetricm wide and
3-68Iat parts
hinged para
for
hinged
unagate
3.39
C. The
analysis
to0.1053
each
x 5weighs
altura
can
other
del inagua at
18,000 lb, and its as shown in Fig. P2.99. A rectangular gate that of
de force of the water acts 2.5 ft above the bottom is the
4 mgate,
highi.e.,
andit
considered
the bottom, massless.
as shown For
in whatP3–70.
Fig. depth The
mass center is 1.67 ft to the right
of water
two will this
parts are rec-
held 2ism collinear
wide FIGURE
andwith the
P3–73
hinged applied
at one force
end is F. (b)
located Forin the
the depth of
partition. part (a),
Water
8 ft. 3.43of the
∆z plane
5 270 m BC. forDetermine
3% pressure thedrop ∆z 5 455 m for 5% density drop
tangularvertical
gate be in equilibrium
reaction at A on theasgate
shown?
when the water level is 3 ft above determine
is slowly the magnitude
added to the of theside
empty resultant
of the hydrostatic
tank. At force.
what (c) De-
depth, h,
Water
3-70 Una theartesa de agua
base. All contactde surfaces
sección are
transversal 3 1023 kg/m3
smooth. semicircular y
3.45 ρ 5 3.32 termine
will
Gate the force
the gate start tothat the hinge puts on the gate under the above
open? 200 lb
con un radio de 5 m consta de dos partes 3.47simétricas
F1atm 5 14.7articuladas
kN F0.5atm 5 52.6 kNconditions. h
entre sí en el fondo, como 2500
se muestra
kg en la figura P3.70. Las
3.49 pA 5 0.289 psig pB 5 0.416 psig
FIGURA P3-73
pC 5 1.048 psig p 5 0.036 psig
air1
5 ft Partition
pair2 5 0.668 psig BMAns.qxd 2/15/12 9:01 PM Page
Pivot O ■ Figu
Hinge 3.51 FR 5 81.3 lbf yu 5 0.938 ft
ressures d 5m Stop Width = 4 ft
C 3.55 FR 5 2.04 N 2 ft
■ Fig
of a force 60° 3 ft Water 2.101
2 caused 3.57 FR 5 552 kN yu 5 2.00 m xu 5 2.50 0m
Hinge against
9 ft 4m 2.94 T
f action. 3.59 F 5 600 lbf Water h Gasoline require
Ft. P3.65 Gate
h to an o
weight
!
Water surface 3.63 D 5 8.66 ft depth,
is expo
3.65 d 5 2.66 m
■ Figure
F 6P2.97
Hinge
ft ANS-2 Answers to SD
time.
Rta: 5.24 ft 2.102
3 ft ■ Figure P2.99 and th
3.67 SG 5 0.542 2.5 ft vertica
B A 2.64 0.304 ft quired
3.69 FV 5 831 kN *2.98 A 200-lb homogeneous gate 10 ft wide and 5 ft long is It is de
weight
hinged at point A and held in place by a 2.66brace
12-ft-long ! as [d " 11.31
! shown water #
2.100 A 4-ft
kN by 3-ft massless rectangular gate 36,000
is used lb to at onea
3.71 FV 5 7.62 kN xuFV 5 3.76 kN ! m
in Figure
■ Fig.FA 5 25.71
P2.98.P2.88
As the bottom of the brace is 2.68
moved to the right, the d, shou
close the end of the water tank shown in Fig. P2.100. A 200-lb
■ Figure P2.96 3.73 FV 5 2011 lbf xu 5 1.553 ft water level
weight remains
attached to theatarm
the top of gate
of the the gate. 2.70/offrom
The line
at a distance
p!
action 0.416
theoffric-
the u the ma
3.75 FV 5 2ρgwR2π/4 †2.89 Sometimes
xu 5 4R/3π tionless hinge is justit sufficient
is difficultto keep gate2.74
the an
to open closed2.90
exterior whenlbof
door thea
3.77 FV 5 1.83 3 107 N α 5 19.9" water depth
building is 2 ft,thethat
because air is, when the system
distribution 2.76
water fills 12.19
the semicircular
maintains ft
a pressure
2.97 The massless, 4-ft-wide gate shown in Fig. P2.97 piv- lower portion
difference of the the
between tank. If theand
inside water the2.78
wereofdeeper,
outside 7200
the gate
building. lb
would
Estimate h
ots about the frictionless hinge O.
3.79 V 5 416
It is Fheld in place H 5 2000
kN byFthe 370 kN αhow
5 48.3
lb open.
"
thisF 5
Determine
big 557
thekN
pressure distance /. can be if it is2.80
difference “not too difficult”
! " 665 lb
counterweight, w. Determine the water FH depth,
ρgRh.
2
3π for an average person to open the door.
3.81
m
5 2
5 ρR 11 2.82 107 kPa
w 2 w 4 2.90 An area in the form of an isosceles triangle with a base width
" 2.84 7.11 m; No
3.85 M 5 5080 lbm Hingeof 8 ft lies in the Hinge
of 6 ft and an attitude plane forming
2.86 F one! wall
$%Rof 3!4
B 3
a tank that contains a liquid having a specific weight of 79.8 lb/ft .
3.87 M 5 1895 lbm
Water
1 ft 2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,20
Gate
The
200 lb side slopes upward, making an angle of 60! with the horizon- ■ Figu
2 ft 2.90 3 ft 33,900
3.89 h 5 177 mm h tal. The base of the triangle is horizontal, and
Gate the vertex is
radius above lb
the
Fair
Water
base. Determine the resultant force the fluid exerts 2.92
on the373areakN
when
3.91 SG 5 SGw
Fair 2 Fnet the fluid depth is 20 ft above the base of the 2.94 314
4 ft triangular area. kN;
Show, 497 2.95
kN
Pivot O ■with the aid
Figure of a sketch, where the center of pressure
P2.100 2.96 is1680located.
lb closes
Width = 4 ft
2.91 Solve Problem 2.90 if the isosceles triangle 2.100 3.63 ftwith gate w
is replaced
2 ft
a right triangle having the same base width 2.102 and altitude as the
1a2 2.11 m; 1b2AC an
941
3 ft isosceles
2.101 Thetriangle.
rigid gate, OAB, of Fig. P2.101 is hinged at O
2.104 599 lband rests develo
against a rigid support at B. What minimum horizontal 2.106 force,
426 kN,P, is2.46 m be
required to hold the gate closed if its width is 3 m? Neglect the
P2.97 piv- lower
the portion
center of the
of the tank.
gate. TheIfmaximum
the water value
were deeper,
for FH isthe gatekN.
3500 would
(a) Open to atmosphere
A ■ Figu
he 2000 lb open. Determine
Determine the distance
the maximum /. depth, h, above the center of the
water
gate that can exist without the gate opening. (b) Is the answer the 4 ft Gate
same if the gate is hinged at the top? Explain your answer. B C W
ide of an   "
COMPILADO Hinge
Hinge PROBLEMAS DE FUERZAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES 3m SUMERGIDAS:   force t
ig. P.2.88. 3 ft the ma
s friction-  
CENGEL1 ft– WHITE – MUNSON – FOX.   functio
200 lb O
ydrostatic 2 ft 3 ft Ing. Waldo Lizcano G. the cal
h Gate radius ■ FigureWater P2.95
ate, i.e., it
FluidStatics.qxd 2/22/12 5:51 PM Page 93
Water
  Hinge ligible.
Stop
f part (a), 4 ft BMAns.qxd 2/15/12 9:01 PM Page2.99 ANS-2
e. (c) De- h
shown in Fig. P2.96 is contain
the above g■ )Figure Compuertas Bilaterales sumergidas
P2.100 2.96 A gate having the cross 4section m
4 ft wide and is hinged at C. The gate weighs 18,000 lb, and its as show
4m FH mass center is 1.67 ft to the right of the plane BC. Determine the 2 m w
2.101 The rigid gate, OAB, of Fig. P2.101 is hinged at O and rests vertical reaction at A onB the gate A when the water level is 3 ft above is slow
4m P will th
against a rigid support at B. What minimum horizontal force, P, is the base. All contact surfaces are smooth.
required to hold the gate closed if its width is 3 m? Neglect the
Hinge ■ Figu
ANS-2 Answers to Selected
weight of the gate and friction in the hinge. The back of the gate
■ Figure P2.93
2m
5 ft
Problems 93
is exposed to the atmosphere. ■ Figure P2.101 2.64 0.304 ft
2.102 AOpen
rectangular
to atmospheregate that is 2 m wide is located in the 2.105
2.94 Two square
Hinge 2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31 # The 1d 2 "tan
vertical wall of a gates close two openings
tank containing water as in a conduit
shown in Fig.connected
P2.102. D 2.68 36,000 lb
C top of
ft long is to It isandesired
open tank of water
to have the gateas shown in Fig. P2.94.
open automatically When
when thethe water
depth of Hinge
2.70 p ! 0.416 u
as shown depth, h, reaches
water above the top5m ofitthe
is desired that both
gate reaches 10 m.gates open
(a) At what at distance,
the same Water B, C locatio
2 ft 2.74 2.90 lb
right, the time.
d, shouldDetermine the weight
the frictionless of the homogeneous
3 m horizontal shaft be located? horizontal
(b) What gate
is 9 ft *2.106
Wate
2.76 12.19 ft
ion of the and the horizontal
the magnitude of theforce,
forceR,onacting on the
the gate when vertical gate that is re-
it opens? Water
pension
quired to keep the gates closed A 2.78 7200 lb
O until this depth is reached. The
30° 4 ft
Water
10 surface
m C proxim
weight Water
of the vertical gate is negligible, and both gates are hinged y′
2.80 665 lb
at one end as shown. Friction Hinge in the hinges is negligible. Stop
3 ft 2.82 107 kPa ■ Figu
B A 2.84 7.11 m; No
d
B 2.86 FB ! $%R3!4
4m 4m
door of a 2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,200 lb; 1c
2.100
Horizontal gate, 4m × 4m y′ = 4(x′)2
a pressure Hinge A 2.90 33,900 lb close t
h ■ Figure P2.96 Plan of 2.92 373 kN
Estimate B A gate weight
difficult” 3m P x′ 2.94 314 kN; 497 kN tionles
R
■ Figure P2.104 2.96 1680 lb water d
Water 2m Vertical gate, 2.97 The massless, 4-ft-wide gate shown 2.100in 3.63
Fig. P2.97ft piv- lower p
ase width
4m × 4m otsFigure
■ about the frictionless hinge O. It is held in
P2.102 place1a2
2.102 by2.11 the 2000
m; 1b2lb941 open.
kN D
ne wall of ■ Figure P2.101
c02FluidStatics.qxd
3 2/22/12 5:51 PM Page 92 counterweight, w. Determine the water depth, 2.104 h. 599 lb
79.8 lb/ft . Rta: 436 KN
Hinge 2.105 An open rectangular tank is 2 m wide and 4 m long.
e horizon- ■ Figure P2.94 The tank contains water to a depth of 2 m and oil (SG 2.106 426on
! 0.8) kN, 2.46 m below sur
above the top of the2.103 water to a A thin
depth 4-ft-wide,
of 1 m. right-angle
Determine the gate 2.108
with
magnitude 2.34
negligible
andft mass
GO
area when location of is free to pivot fluid
the resultant aboutforcea frictionless
acting onhinge one end at 2.110
point 0.146
of theO, as shown in
tank.
ea. Show, 2.95 Fig. P2.103. The horizontal portion of the gateWater 2.116
covers392a 1-ft-diameter
kN; 437 kN; Yes
A gate having the cross section shown in Fig. 2.95 *2.106 An Gateopen rectangular settling tank contains a liquid sus-
drain pipe that contains air at atmospheric pressure. Determine
200 lb
ocated. Water 2.118 581 lb; 0.289the psi The de
closes an opening 5 ft wide and 4 ft high in a water reservoir. The pension that at a given time has a specific weight that varies ap- h 9
minimum water depth, h, at which the gate will 2.120 pivot
7.77 to &allow
10 wa-
lb acting means
406
aced with gate weighs 10 m500 lb, and its center of gravity is 1 ft to the left of proximately ter towith
flowdepth
intoaccording
the pipe. to the following data: 2.122 64.4 kN resultan
de as the AC and 2 ft above BC. Determine the horizontal reaction that is
92
developed Chapter
on the gate2 ■ at Fluid
C. Statics Pivot O
2.124 3360 psi the tan
■ Figu
d (m) = 4 ft
hWidth G (N "m ) 3 2.126 203 kN down 2.107
Width
2.128 = 4 3370
ft lb; 882 lb an air p
4m 2 ft
3 ft 2.130 485 kN sel
2.101con
Right-angle
0 gate 10.0 2.132 46.8 lb!ft3 that
againstis
Water 0.4 12 ft Water10.1 Moveable
5 ft h 2.134 1.22 ft; no change the hin
require
0.8 Gate 10.2 stop
8 ft Water ! 2.136 786,000 lb; 315,000minimu lb
weight
1.2 Hinge Brace 10.6 2.138 54,600 lb shut. N
■ Figure
1.6 A P2.97 θ 11.3 is expo
O 2.142 127 lb
■ Figure P2.102 Hinge 2.0 12.3
1-ft-diameter2.144pipe 18.9 kPa; 0.208 m32.102
A 2.4 12.7 vertica
■ Figure P2.98 2.146 681 lb at 6.22 ft to right o
*2.982.8 A 200-lb homogeneous 3 ft gate
12.910 ft wide and 5 ft long is It is de
hinged 2.148 89.5%
4 ft Gate right-angle gate with negligible mass 3.2 at point A and held in place13.0 by a 12-ft-long brace as 2shown water a
2.103 GO A thin 4-ft-wide, in Fig. P2.98. As the bottom of the brace is 2.150 to
moved 8.63 theft!s
right, the d, shou
B C 3.6 13.1 2
is free to pivot about a frictionless hinge at point O, as shown in force that water the brace
level P2.103 exerts on the gate is along
remains at the top of the gate. The line of action 2.152
the 1a2
brace. 68.9 lb!ft
(a) Plotof the; 1b2 57.4
the malb
■ Figure
Fig. P2.103. The horizontal portion of the gate covers a 1-ft-diameter the magnitude of the force exerted on the gate 2.154
by the 30' brace as a
3 ft
drain pipe that contains air at atmospheric pressure. Determine the Thefunction depth hof!the 0 corresponds
angle of thetogate, the freeu, for surface.
0 ! uDetermine,
2.156
! 90". h(b) !by a!!g
Repeat
minimum water depth, h, at which the gate will pivot to allow wa- means of numericalfor
the calculations integration, thewhich
magnitude and location
2.158 of therad!s
6.04
2.104 The inclined face AD of the tank of Fig. P2.104 is
the case in the weight of the gate is neg-
a plane
■terFigure
to flow P2.95
into the pipe. resultant
ligible.force that theon
Common liquid suspension
thearesult exerts
→ 0. on
as u which a vertical
Rta: 1.88 ftwall
2.160 5.76 offt
surface containing gate ABC, is hinged along line BC. The
the tank that is 6 m wide. The depth of fluid in the tank is 3.6 m.kPa
2.99 shape An of the
open gate is shown
tank in the plan
has a vertical view.2.162
partition and
28.8
If theon tank
onecontains
side
2.107 water, Thedetermine
closed vesselthe of Fig. P2.107
magnitude of contains
the force3 thatwaterthe with
water
2.96Width = 4Aft gate having the cross section shown in Fig. P2.96 is an contains gasoline with a density r # 700 kg/mChapter at a depth 3 of 4 exerts
m,
air pressure
on the of 10 psi at the water surface. One side of the ves-
gate. ■ Figu
as shown in Fig.
4 ft wide and is hinged at C. The gate weighs 18,000 lb, and its sel contains a spout that is closed by a 6-in.-diameter3.2 P2.99. A rectangular gate that is 4
circular m
13.7 high
gatem!s and
Right-angle gate
mass center is 1.67 ft to the right of the plane BC. Determine the that2 is m hinged
wide and along hinged
one sideat one end is located
as illustrated. in the 3.4partition.
The horizontal axis
#30.0 ofWater
kPa!m
vertical reaction at A on the gate when
Water the water level is 3 ft above theishingeslowlyis added to
located 10 the
ft emptytheside
below waterof the tank.Determine
surface. At what
3.6 #0.838 depth,
the h, 0.0292 psi
psi!ft;
h
the base. Hinge
All contact surfaces are smooth. will the gate start to open?
minimum torque that must be applied at the hinge to 3.8 hold the 1a2gate #2ra V 0 [1 # 1a!x22]!
2 2

shut. Neglect the weight of the gate and friction at the hinge. 1b2 p0 " rV 02 [1a!x22 # 1a!
O 3.12 12.0 kPa; #20.1 kPa
5 ft 1-ft-diameter pipe Partition
3.14 1a2 4.97 lb!ft3; 0.681 lb!ft
10 psi
3.20 3.21 N!m2
3Hinge
ft
Stop 3.24 203 ft!s
C Air

■ Figure P2.103 10 ft Axis

 1m h
2Pm will open at A⎛to ⋅ m/s 2 2 ⎞
2m Cable 100The
0 wide into the paper. ,000gate
N/m
= water depth is3 high enough. ⎜ 1 kg
release
⎟ = 11.7
e ancho water
ρg sin if the
60water(1000 kg/m )(9.81 2 Compute
m/s ) sin ⎜ the
60 ⎝inside depth
1 Nby ⎟
A 3–143 The in a 25-m-deep reservoir
h for which the gate will begin to open.
is kept ⎠
de pro- a 150-m-wide wall whose cross section is an equilateral tri-
dam is a together by a cable and turnbuckle placed every 3 m along
está ar-
e hydro-  the length COMPILADO1 P m
ROBLEMAS
Water of the trough. Calculate the tension 80in
DE FUERZAS SOBRE
ft each cable angle, SUPERFICIES
as shown
the distance in Fig.
of the SUMERGIDAS
P3–143.
pressure Determine
center (a)
from the   surface
: free
the total force
of water alo
go de su (hydrostatic ! atmospheric) Cacting on the inner surface of
ea dam is
la res-   h
when the trough is CENGEL – W
filled to the rim. HITE60° – M UNSON – F OX .
Articulación h
 
B the wall and its line of action and (b) the magnitude of the
a que se Ing. Waldo Lizcano G. 2
(28.87 m
FIGURA P3-70 1 Water b ofbthis force. Take Patm28.87 m
P2.61 m BMAns.qxd
hT = 10 ft2/15/12 horizontal component
= 0 + " 100+kPa.
Page ANS-2 9:01 PM
ocks the B A   yp = s+ +
Cable
2 ⎛ b P0 ⎞ 2 ⎛ 28.87 m
in Fig.
pA = γ hT 12⎜⎜ s + + ⎟⎟ 12⎜ 0 + +
along its artesa. Calcule
P2.62 la Gate
tensión enFig.
AB in cadaP2.62
cableis cuando la and
15 ft long artesa
8 ft está 92
wide into the
Area = A ⎝ ρ
A Solutions
220 cm g sin
Area = A
θ
B
Manual ⎠ • Fluid Mechanics, ⎝
Fifth 2
Edition
opening h
hllena phasta
) Represas el borde.
= γ hEES
B
paper and is hinged at B with a stop at A. The water ■ is at
Figure 112 Chapter 2 Pressure Distribution in a Fluid
P2.114
The magnitude of the horizontal
erted on
3-71 Los dos costados 20°C.
! The gateartesa
de una is 1-in-thick
de aguasteel, SG ! 7.85.
con forma de V Compute
c02FluidStatics.qxd
2.66 Dam1m ABC in2/22/12
Fig. P2.66 5:51 PMmcomponent
is 30 Page 94 of the hydrostatic force
wide
𝑴
( están
■ Figure the water level h= 𝟎;
Hinge
for which 𝑭
the =
gate𝟎)
will start
P2.109entre sí en el fondo, en donde se encuentran,
𝒆𝒋𝒆  𝒅𝒆  𝒂𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒐𝒏
articulados to fall.
into the paper and
Wateris concrete (SG ≈ 2.40).
Water at 20°C
como se muestra FIGURE en P3–70
la figura P3.71, formando ANS-2 ambos costados Answers 2.115to Selected
Twothe Even-Numbered
hemispherical FH =shells R sin
Fforce areθon
Homework = (surface
bolted 9.Problems
64 8
× 10AB
together as shown =in8.35 × 10 N
N)sin60 8
Find hydrostatic
un
2.110ángulo de 45° respecto del suelo.
The concrete dam of Fig. P2.110 weighs 23.6 kN/m Cada costado mide 0.75 m 3 Fig. P2.115. The resulting spherical container, which weighs 300 lb,
25 m
2.64 0.304 ft y is filled and with its moment about C. Could this3.28
mercury and supported by a cable
force
as shown.
tip m!s
46.5 The con-
Cengel 03.qxd de
andancho
3–71 The
2/22/06
rests yonlas a dos
two 5:26
solid partes
sides AMse
of
foundation. mantienen
a V-shaped
Page 119water
Determine juntas the mediante
troughminimum are cables
hinged
coeffi-
Pulley the 2 Discussion
dam over?P2.64 Would Atmospheric
1!2fluid seepage pressure
3.32 under is usually locatedignored in the ana
tensores
to each
cient colocados
of other
friction the cada
at between bottom 6 where
the mdam a lo largo
they
and themeet, de la
foundation 2.66
as longitud
shown !! in [d
required de
Fig. "la 11.31 # 1d " 18.61d " 1282 ]!2
to tainer is vented at the top. If eight bolts are symmetrically 20.9 ft!s
artesa.
keep theCalcule
P3–71, dam from
making laantensión
sliding
angle of en the
at
A cada
45° water cable
with thecuando
depth 2.68la from
shown.
ground 36,000
artesa
Assume no around
lb
está
both the the walls.
damcircumference,
change yourwhat argument?
5ismthe vertical
60° 3.34 force45.7 that 60° each
ft bolt
10,0002.70 lb 3–146
llena
fluid hastaEachel
uplift borde.
pressure is along thewide,
Respuesta: base. 5510Base Nthe your partspare
analysis ! a0.416
on unit u must carry? *P2.65 Gate AB in Fig. P2.65 is 3.36 1248
semicircular, lb!ft 2
hinged at B, and
sides. side 0.75 m and two held
Solution: The
94 Water2 ■ Fluid Statics
Chapter
centroid ofAsurface
water
length of by
together the adam. cable and turnbuckle placed every 2.74 6 2.90 m along lb held by a horizontal force 3.40P atAB A. What is lb!s
20.8 force P is required
FIGURE P3–143 P
3.42is 0.0119 ft3!s Fig.throu
P2.
the length of the trough. Calculate the tension 2.76
Cable in each 12.19 cableft 40 m deep, and the total force on AB
for equilibrium?
2.108 ADam 4-ft-tall, 8-in.-wide concrete 119 (150 lb/ftm 3
) retaining wall 2.111
when the trough is filled to2the m rim. Answer:2.78 5510 N7200 Water lb P2.66 Chapter ABC in Fig. P2.66
m andCAPÍTULO
is3.4430Statics 15.4
mGate:
3 wide into the paper andis
15 ft 2.80 665 lb F =
built γ as
h shown
A
made = in3concrete
Pressure
Fig.
(9790)(40)(100
of
3P2.108.
(SG !
Fluid
×
During 30)
3.46
2.4). aSide
92 heavy
Find0.223 the
view
rain,
ft; water
9.22
hydrostatic fills
lb!ft force
Dam,”
2 the Solutions
3-73 h CG
el soft- 3-144 space
Un
Cable tubo between
en U the wall agua
contiene and the
en laearth
rama behind
derecha it yto
5 otroa depth3 h. on the
Solution A retaining wall against mud Cable 2.82 is 107
slide to bekPa constructed by rectangular on surface
= 1.175E9
concrete AB andNThe
blocks. its moment
B mud 3.48 about
height 2.45
atC. & 10 kN!m
Assuming ; 5.50 &the
no seep- 10wat#6

e este ti- líquido Determine

en la izquierda. the maximum
Se observa depthque of water
cuando possible
el tubo without
gira a 30 the wall
which the blocks will start sliding, and the blocks 2.84will7.11 tip over m; are No to be determined. age ofThe water wallunder the rests 3.50
dam,on could 3.19 this ft forcewithouttip thebeing dam Earth is w
sobre la 0.75 m 2.86
B FB ! $%R3!4 rpm Thealrededor
tipping de
line of action
over.
unP2.65
over? ejeofque
How this
does
simply
está
force
youra 15is cm de2.66
two-thirds
3.52
argument
the
lachange
rama
0.0156
Dam
ground derecha
if m 3 ABC
there!s for
in Fig. P2.66
isy seepage
any D
Water 60˚ anchored to it. could t
ga que la Assumptions Atmospheric
P2.62
45° pressure 5 m acts on both sides of the wall,
45°
2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,200 5Vent
a of andlathus
de the lb; izquierda,
it can los
1c2 0 Sphere
way
be niveles
downdiameter
lb
under
ignored
thealongdam? = 3 delftin líquido
AB,
calculations
or 3.5466.67eninto
las forthe
mdosft;ramas
6.59 paper
B above seandA is concrete answer
(S
P2
ementos 4 convenience.
m vuelven iguales. Determine la densidad del Find
fluido the
en hydrostatic
la rama 2 4force 2on 1!4
2.90 33,900 lb from A. 3This 3.56 D ! D1![1 # 1p gD1 z!8Q ]
r other) Túnel Articulación 8 in. is seen either by inspection
tados. Properties The mdensity is given to be 18002.92
0.75 kg/m3 373 for the kN mud, andizquierda. 2700
(A kg/m
is at forthe concrete
surface) blocks.or by the 3.58 and
usual 3.13its moment
ft about C. Could t
depth on 45° 45° A Sectio
por
he water una Analysis FIGURA P3-71
(a) The weight of the concrete wall per unit length (L = formula:2.94 314 kN; 497 kN 1 m) and the friction force between the wall and the 3.60 the 2.94dam m over? Would fluid see
da en el 2.96 1680 lb 3.62the0.0758 ft3!s; 499 lb!ft 2 2.112
; 488 lb!f
Tabulate ground are Hinge Chapter 3 Pressure and Fluid Statics dam change your argument?drostat
esea que 6 m 2.100 3.63 ft 3.64 1a2 3.98 ft; 31b2 36.0 ft!s; #510 lb!
3-73 FIGURA P3-141I and wr
2 ft, de- 3-72
■ Figure
Solution Repita FIGURE
Aelretaining
P2.110 problema P3–71 wall 3-71 paramud
against el3 caso slide deis2.102
Chapter una
to2 beartesa
3 constructed
Pressure
1a2 semi-
2.11 m;and 1b2
3by
Fluid
941 1 NkNStatics
⎛■rectangular
Figure ⎞concrete blocks. The
P2.115 I xxmudsinWaterθheight20˚C 3.66
at 19.63 psi sin(53.13°) = −16.6
(1/12)(30)(100)
llena y con W = ρ g V = ( 2700 kg/m )( 9 .81 m/s )[ 0 . 2 × 0 . 8 × 1 m )⎜ ⎟ = 4238 Ny = −
80 m = − Solution: The centroid of sur
2.113
Un una alturastartdel aguaand de50 0.4ton m ydirectamente arriba de ⎜ 1 kg ⋅ m/s 24 ⎟ft
led lbm
by a which CP
900 3-142the blocks will
block
domo hemisféricosliding, de the blocks 6will
m2.104 tip diámetro
de over 599 arelbtoco- be determined.
⎝ ⎠ h CG A 3.68 6.26 (40)(30 m × 100)
nervoir la articulación.
in Fig.is restrained by a triangular wall. The total force 40 m deep, and the
1.06 & 10 ; 1b2 3.02 & 10be#3u;
total force
to on
a(hydrostatic
2.106 +co-atmospheric) thus itacting 3.70 1a2Dam
h #3
locado sobre
3–72
Assumptions Repeat unaProb.superficie
Atmospheric= W 3–71 horizontal
for
pressure theacts case está
on of lleno
both con of
partially
sides 426
agua, kN,
filled
the 2.46and
wall, m below surface
can be ignored in calculations t =0.2 m for
Ffriction block = 0.3( 4238 N ) = 1271 N to be added to the 50-m distance from A to the centroid, or 50 +
swimm 16
he water
nd the horizontal mo se
3-73
trough component
convenience. muestra
Se
with debe enoflathis
construir
a water figura
height force
unof are m
P3-142.
muro
0.4 to be
deAlguien determined.
contención
directly 2.108
afirma
above contra 2.34
que
the un ft de-
puede
hinge. 3.72 29.5 Paγ h A = (9790)(40)(10
F =2.67 3-95
ofa the
engel
eight W. 03.qxd 2/22/06 5:26 AM Page 111
levantar de
rrumbe estelodo domo con aplicando
bloques larectangulares
ley de Pascal,decon 2.110 sujetar
3 concreto 0.146 un(r tu-
! shown in the figure, the line
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL of action 3.74. of ©F 02006is
1gage2; The0.146 m
CG to mthe left ofCompa
McGraw-Hill linep
ressure actsProperties
on
3–73 Theboth A sides
retaining
hydrostaticThe offorce
densitythe
wall gate,
exerted
is against
given and
byto a
the
be thus
mud
1800 it
to
kg/m can
slide
the is
wall
for be to
the ignored
is be
mud, con-
and in2700 calculations
kg/m 3
for for
concrete blocks. =1b21.175E9 the
N walu
bo700 largo
2structed kg/m en3)lade parte0.8 superior
m de altura y llenarlo
y 0.2 conm de agua.2.116
ancho,Determine
392como kN;se la437 kN;toYes AB.teachers
The moment and educatorsof F about forBC is3.76
course thus 1a2 0.0696CmIf !s;
preparation. 3
you are a student
0.574 m
termine
ge is negligible. by placing 0.8-m-high and 0.2-m-wide rectangular
Analysis
altura deen
muestra agua la(a)figura
enThe el weight
tubo necesaria ofElthecoeficiente
concrete
3)para
walldeper
levantar 2.118unit length
el domo. (L 0.289
Des- = 1 m) and the friction force between the wall and the 3.78 H!H0 ! 1!11 " cx!L21!2, where
concrete
ground are blocks
F = (rx =!P3.73.
F P 2700A = ρ
kg/m
gh A = ρ
side g (by
h / )
side,
2
fricción
A
581
as shown entrelb;
inel 9 psi Figure M
P2.108 = FL = (1.175E9)(66.67 The
60 m line − 64.0)of action ≈ 3.13E9 of this water
N ⋅force
m Ais o
nsity of water carte el
suelo peso
ytolos be del
bloques
H
1000 tubo yf !
eskg/mavg del0.3,
3 agua en densidad
y la
C él. Respuesta: del 2.120lodo 0.77 es alrede-
7.77 m & 10 lb acting 406 ft above base ■ C
0.8 m c ! 2$H2O dmax!rV02
Fig. P3–73. The friction coefficient between the ground and
dor de 1 800 kg/m3. Existe 3la preocupación de2.122 que los ⎛64.4bloques
1kN N ⎞ P2.66 h of 0.0132the way3 down along 2.114 AB, o
= (1800 m !s rest. If
the concrete blocks
de concreto = ρg3V =resbalarse
W block puedan
f ! 0.3,
is kg/m )( and
9.813 m/s
(2700 kg/mo )(voltearse
the 2
) (
9.81 m/s )[sobre
h 2/ 2 ) (1×
density ofh the
.2 × 0el
02.124
) ⎜ mud
.8 × borde
1
3360 m 3 ⎛
)⎜
psi
kg ⋅ m/s
is
iz- 2
1⎟ N This
⎞
⎟ =
moment is counterclockwise, 3.80
42382.109 N Water backs up behind a
hence
concrete
3.82
111 from
dam
it cannot
2.50 asA. shown
in. This
tip over the dam
in is
Fig. seen
2.109. either on
by
about 1800 kg/m . There is concern that the concrete ⎝ 1 blocks ⎜ 1 kg ⎠⋅ m/s 2under ⎟ the dam, the main support force
F at the bottom of the dam would
bottom
rface underwater quierdo is inferior conforme suba el nivel del lodo. 203 kN⎝ down
Determine la ⎠ Leakage under the foundation gives CAPÍTULO (A43 isdistribution
aH pressure at the under surface) the or uid by
may slide or =tip
Ffriction = 8829
Wover h 2 the
=N0.3lower( 4238 Nleft
) = edgeNyas2.126
1271 the mud level point dam C *and P2.67
as might indeed
Chapter
Generalize
indicated. If 3cause
Prob.
the Pressure
W 2.66depth,
water theas
3.84
dam
and
follows.
h, totoo
Fluid
is tipgreat,
Denote over.
Staticslength
the AB damaswill H,
in
altura
rises. del lodo a lathecual block
muda)height los bloques vencerán p2.128 3370 lb; 882 lb
(a) thelablocks fricción willy FIGURA t =0.2 m
P3-144 3.86 formula:
13.0 psi on the
3-143 Determine
Setting the hydrostatic
at which topple over length Ffriction
about its
BCtoe as (point
L, and A). angle ForABC as !. Let3 thegiven,
the dimensions dam mater- deter- the tab
empezarán
Solution a resbalar
The y b)and
water losafriction
in bloques
reservoir
forces
se is equal2.130
voltearán.
F restrained
R
to each485
by
other
a
kNgives
triangular wall. The
mine total
the force
maximum (hydrostatic
water depth
3.88 0.607 ft
+foratmospheric)
the
SG.following
!s; 1b2 21.3 ft
acting
widths
The hydrostatic force exerted by the mud to the wall is
2.132 46.8 lb!ft 3 ial have specific
A gravity The width 3of theofdam the dam,
is b. each of
h = 25 m 3.90 0.123 !s aFind
ftdam.
on3-74
the inner Repita surface
el
FH = Ffriction of
problema the 0.2wall m and
3-73 para the 2horizontal
bloques
8829 h = 12712.134 1.22 de component
concreto h = ft; con
0.38 no mof this
change force
2.67 Un
3-145 /are! 20
to
Generalize ,be30, 40,
Assume
cilindro vertical 50,
determined. and
no
Prob.de2.66 60
seepage
1 m de ft. Base
of
with wateryour
diámetro
3.92
under
length analysis
y2m
0.400
the
ft
on
de alto unit
y
length
an
= − ent θpar=
an-I xx sin
is the pressureun ancho at the Fde centroid
0.4 m. ρ ρ ( ) of the dam. alytic The specificrelationweight between of SG the and
concrete is 150 angle
the 3critical lb/ft 3
CP !c for
ltiplying itAssumptions
by the
H = F = P A
1ofAtmospheric
x avg = gh C A = g h
pressure force / 2 A
acts 2.136 on both 786,000
sidesthe lb; the AB
está
315,000
ofpressure gate, asand
lleno
lb “H”,thus
con length
gasolinait2h/3
cantheBCbe
cuya asignored
densidad“L”, and
es 3.94
in 740 angle
kg/m
Rto!
tip calculations
.
the0.998
Ahora forzUse your re- CG A
1!4se h
3-75 (b) plate
The line area
Una
gives
action of the
compuerta de hydrostatic
4 m de largo passes
con forma through de un hace center,
girar el which 0.8 mis
tanque
which
alrededor from damthe
de
willfree
su
justsurface.
eje
overThe
vertical a razón
right.
de 90
convenience. 21800 2.138
⎛through1 54,600 lb
N the⎞ midplane ABC as “q ”, with width “b” into h the thepaper.
3.100 404.5 kPaSG
the surface, line of action ( Friction
=cuarto ofkg/m
de
at the
thecírculo)( 9.81de
3weight hinge
ofradio
m/s the
2
) (ishwall
/3negligible.
2m ) (1
passes
y×de ) peso
h 2.142⎜
1 kg desprecia-
⋅ 127
m/s
⎟
2 lb
of the
rpm,
If
wall. Taking
mientras
the dam está
lation
the to
siendo
material
crete).
compute
moment
acelerado
has
about!c for
specific
point
hacia 3.102
to
A
arriba
gravity
bea 5added
special
and
252
case
m/s
kPa;
2. to
114
" 2.4
De- the(con-
kPa
50-m distanc
setting it equal to zero gives ⎝ ⎠ termine 3 a) la diferencia entre las F presiones en shown
los centrosin thede figure,
las the line of a
agua de
Properties
ble está articulada We 2alrededor
take thededensity su bordeofsuperior water2.144A, to18.9 be kPa;
como 1000
se 0.208 kg/m m
“SG”,
3
with
P2.68noIsosceles seepage, triangle find
H
gatethe AB 3.104 Fig.9.10
critical
in P2.68 &is10 #3
hinged m3at !s;A 57.9
and kPa
throughout.
muestra en la figura = 8829 0.8 N
h m Mud superficies del fondo y superior
W y b) la diferenciato AB. entre The las moment
pre- of F about C
M A = P3.75. 0 La compuerta
Wrblock (t /h2) controla = F2.146 el flujo de
H ( h / 3)681 lb at 6.22(tft/ angle
W block 2to) =right
8829 θelof
3
A/ 3 which
h for weighs 1500 the N. dam What 3.106
horizontal
will just force tip Pftis80!s;
3120 3
2080atftpoint
required 3
!s; 2200 ft3!s
agua sobre el reborde en B, donde ⎛m
está 1 N
comprimida ⎞ por un re- siones en F
c centro friction y el borde de la superficie del fondo.
)( ) ( ) 2.148 89.5%
Setting the hydrostatic and friction forces equal to each other gives Water 2ft
ft. 3
ircular 9y.81Analysis
g/m m/s
sorte.
2
(Determine
12
Solving .5 for
The m )h and
length 150
laof ×the28.wall
fuerza
substituting, 87mínima 2
msurface
the⎜ 1 necesaria
mud underwater
height ⎟ tip
del
for
2 2.150 isover ispara
resorte
8.63 ft!s determined
2 over
to be toh*the
B for equilibrium?
right. Evaluate this expression 3.108 155 N!m M C = FL = (1.17
iculadas ⎝ kg ⋅ m/s ⎠ for SG =
P2.69 TheAwater tank in Fig. P2.69
2.40. y 3.112is 0.630 pressurized, ft; 4.48 as shown
ft by
of radius FH = 25 Ffriction 8829 h 2
= 1271 2.152 h = 1a2
0.38 68.9
m lb!ft 2
; 1b2 57.4 lb the p
mercury-manometer 3.116 This
reading. 6.10 moment
Determine 10 #3 is
the m counterclockwis
hydrosta-
3
!s
⎛m FIGURA
1 /
t .⎞P3-73
3 1 / 3 &
.70.
otherLas b = h =FIGURA 3W block
= 28P3-142 ⎛ 3 × 4238 × 0.2 ⎞ 2.154 30'
at ⎜ ⎟87 m =⎜ ⎟ through = 0.52 m ticFRforce per unit depth on
Water
3.118 gate
under T = 10 ft
hAB.
1.016 thein.dam, the main suppor
are held (b) The line ofsin 60
action of the
2 × 8829 P3–73
⎝FIGURE ⎠hydrostatic⎝ 2× force
8829passes ⎠ 2.156 h the ! a!!g
pressure center, Solution:
whichh = is 2h/3
P2.70
25 m By Bfrom
geometry,
Calculate the free the L
surface.
force = A Hcos
and Thecenter θ and
of pressure 2 on one side of
line of action of the weight of the wall passes through the midplane of the wall. Taking the moment aboutdam pointisA and3.120 point 1.73 Cmand !s might indeed cause
2.158 6.04 rad!s the vertical height of
the vertical the triangular pHsinq.
A panel
= γ hT ABC The in Fig. P2.70. Neglect Fig. P2.
The average
settingDiscussion
it equal pressure
to zero The on a surface
concrete
gives walliswill theslide pressure beforeat the centroid
tipping. Therefore, sliding is more critical than tipping in this 3.122 case. 25.4 m; 6.51 m; #9.59 m
3-143 El agua en un depósito de 25 m de2.160 profundidad5.76 area ft segives FIGURA
patm. P3-82 Area
(midpoint)⎛ 1 kg ⋅of the 2 surface,
⎞ and mediomultiplying itmuro
by the plate
N/m 2 mantiene
⎜ cuyaM
en
m/s el interior
A =⎟0= 11.77
por W de un
t / 2) = FH (h / 2.162 de 150 m de
(t / 2) = 8829h / 3 3 * P2.71
pB = γ h In Fig. P2.71 gate AB is 3 m wide into the paper and is ■ Figu
theancho
resultant hydrostatic
sección force m blockon (the surface, 3) W block
28.8 kPa
connected! by a rod and pulley2.67
Chapter 4
1 m/s 2 ) sin Solving
60 ⎜ 1 N ⎟ transversal es un triángulo equilátero, como 4.2
to a concrete
19y2 " Generalize sphere (SG
12y " 6821!2 Prob."
ft!s 2.66 w
se ⎝muestra for h and ⎠ figura P3-143.
en substituting,
la the mudDetermine
height for tipa)over la is fuerza
determinedtotal to be ■ Figure P2.109
FR = Pavg A = ( Patm + ρ ghC ) A Chapter 3 3-83I Se usa una grúa para bajar objetos 4.4 AB x!
pesados as y“H”, " y !2
dentro
2
length
de BC as “L”
(hidrostática ! atmosférica) que actúa sobre la superficie inte- 2.115
1/ 3
3 × 4238
1/ 3 3.2 13.7 m!s 4.8 ABC x ! as#2, “ q y
”, ! with2 width “b” int
from the free rior delhmuro
surface = of
⎛ 3W
⎜ water su tlínea
yblock ⎞along
⎟2 =de
⎛ the
⎜ acción wall×ysurface
0b).2 ⎞la magnitud
= is de la com- un lago, para ⎛ un1proyecto
N ⎞ de construcción subacuática. Deter- Fig. P2
( )(
⎟ 0.52 m
) ( )
3
= 100 m/s (12.5 m ) 150 ×mine
3.4 #30.0 kPa!m 2.110 The concrete dam of Fig.
4.10 P2.110
Everywhere;weighs 23.6
x 2
" kN/m
y 2
! constant
⎠ + la grúa debidaIfa un thebloque dam esfé- material has isspec
3 2 2
ponente ,⎝000
horizontal N/mde
2 × 8829 esta 1000 2×
⎝ fuerza. kg/m
8829Tome⎠9P.81 atm " 100 kPa.
28.87lamtensión ⎜restsenonela cable 2 ⎟ de filled
3.6 #0.838 psi!ft;rico 0.0292 and
psi!ft kg ⋅ m/ssolid
⎝ 1 (densidad ⎠ ! foundation. 3Determine
4.14 xft!the #h minimum
1u0!v 02 ln
coeffi-
11 # y!h2find
Discussion The 2 de cient
acero ofthan friction between 494 lbm/ft
the dam4.18 ) de “SG”,
3
and the10, de with
foundation diámetro no seepage,
required to tainer i
28.87 m ( 28concrete
.87 m) wall will slide before tipping. 3.8 Therefore, 1a2 #2ra sliding 2 2
V 0 [1cuando is
#more 1a!x2estácritical
2
]!xa) 3 tipping in this case. 9, 6, 4 com-
ft!s
2 3θshown.
= 0+ =+ 9.64 × 108 N = 17.1 m A lo largo de la superficie 2 inclinada
2 keep the
4
suspendido
dam from en el aire
sliding at y b)
the watersumergido
angle
depth c
por
for which
2 3 Assume the
no aroundw
dam
⎞ 2 ⎛ 28.87 m ⎞ 1b2 p0 " rV 0 [1a!x2
pleto libre # el
en 1a!x2 !2] 4.20 2c x ; 2c y ; x ! y ! 0 must c
y medida desde la superficie fluidagua.
4.22over 4xîto " the yĵ "right.
⎟⎟ 12⎜ 0 + FIGURA +P3-75 11.77 m ⎟ uplift pressure along the base. Base your analysis on aEvaluate
unit this
Noting that 3.12 12.0 kPa; #20.1 kPa zk̂
⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ 3 3-84 Selength 3 of determinar
deben the dam. el volumen y la for densidad SG = promedio
2.40.
2 2
3.14 1a2 4.97 lb!ft ; 0.681 lb!ft 4.24 1a2 4ft!s ; 2 ft!s ; 1b2 negative
3.20 3.21 N!m 2 de un cuerpo de forma irregular usando 4.26 una balanza 10 ft!s; de 10 resorte.
ft!s2
omponent of the Phydrostatic force is
100 simply
, 000 N/mF sin2
θ, ⎛ 1 kg ⋅ m/s 2 ⎞ El cuerpo pesa 7 200 N en el aire y2 m
4 790 N en el agua. Deter- =
mantener 0 cerrada la compuerta cuando el nivel3.24
=
R
del⎜ agua 203seft!s ele-⎟ = 11.77 m 4.28Solution: #1.65 & 10 By 11 geometry,
ft!s2; #5.12 & L 10
3 2 ⎜ ⎟ mine el volumen y la densidad del cuerpo. Exprese sus suposi-
 12 ft c02FluidStatics.qxd
c02FluidStatics.qxd
tringe un 2/22/12 borde fijo 5:51 en el punto PM
PM Page
B. Determine
Page 95
la fuerza que se
6 m. Find the 2/22/12 magnitude 5:51 and direction 95 resultant force
3.29 l 5 1.600 m ejerce sobre la placa por el borde. of the ANS-2 Answers to Selected
P3.74 acting on the weir from the water.
3.31 l 5 0.549 m Problems 91
3.75 A spillway gate formed in the shape of a circular arc is 3.81 A cylindrical log of diameter D restsAagainst 2.64 the
Problems 0.304 top 91 of
ft a artes
  w m wide. Find theCmagnitude 3.33 s 5 6 PROBLEMAS dam. The
FUERZAS SOBRE SUPERFICIES SUMERGIDAS water is level with the top of the log and the   [d " 11.31 # 1d llena
center
OMPILADO and line of action of the DE vertical 2.66 : ! ! 2
"
component of the 3.74 force due to all fluids acting on the gate. of the log is level 3.79 with the top of the 1 m
dam. Obtain expressions
  3.74 An open tank CisENGELAn
3.35 open
filled withh 5 tank
– water
WHITE
7.85 ismmfilled with
to the–depth MUNSON
s 5 water
0.308 to
indicated. the
– FOXdepth indicated.
.for (a)
3.79 Consider theof Consider
cylindrical weir the cylindrical
of diameter 2.68 weir
3 (b)m and 36,000
of diameter lb 3
  gravity of 1.6, and
m and length
3-71
the mass theIflog per uniton length leftand the length
contact
Atmospheric pressure Atmospheric acts on pressure
all outer acts
surfaces on all of outer
A the
= 1 Ing.surfaces of
tank.
ft Waldo 6 m.theIftank.
Lizcano the G.
fluid on 6 the
m. left the has fluid
a specific the gravity 2.70
has ofa specific
1.6,p and! 0.416 on u estánon
3.37
Determineand l 5
2the 0.407 m
ft magnitude and line of action of theforce per
vertical unit length
the right between has of the
a specific log and
gravity dam. of 0.8, find
10 ft2
B =vertical 2.74 2.90 lb the magnitudecom and
Determine the magnitude line of action of the
Water on the curved
the
3.82   ofAthe
right has a specific
curved surface
gravity
is of formed
0.8, find
as a quarter
the magnitude and
component of thecomponent
R 3.39of the
force xof5 the
water0.1053force
on theinof curved
the water part of the part
direction of the resultantdirection force. the resultant 2.76 of 12.19
force. a circular ft un á
tank bottom. xy – Ay = B cylinder with R 5 0.750 m as shown. The surface 2.78 is
7200 w 5 lb 3.55
tank bottom. 2.116 A 4 m de a
3.43 ∆z 5 270 m for 3% pressure drop m∆z wide. 5 455
2.116 Waterm A 4-m-long
for
4-m-long5% density
stands curved
curved
to the rightgate
dropis
gate isoflocated
located
the curved in
in thethe sideside
surface of
of aa to reservoir
reservoir
10 ft
H = 9 ft containing water as shown in Fig. P2.116. 2.80 Determine665 lbthe magni- tenso
Problemas de hFuerzas ρ 5 3.32 sobre 3 1023 superficies
kg/m3 depthcontaining H 5 0.650water as shown the
m. Calculate in Fig.
3.0 vertical
P2.116.
m components 3.0Determine
D =hydrostatic m of the magni-
force
=3.45
R tude
tude of
of the
the 3.0horizontal
m
horizontal D = and 3.0 m
and vertical
vertical components 2.82 107
of the
the kPa
force
force of
of the
the artes
on the curved surface. Evaluate the line Bof action 1.5ofm this
CURVASWater sumergidas 3.47 F1atm 5 x14.7
y
kN F0.5atm 5 52.6 kN force. water
water on
on thethe gate. Will
gate. Willand this
thisline force
force1.5 pass
m through
pass through 2.84 point
7.11 A?
m;
point A? Explain. Explain.
No llena
Tank
Tank
Water Answers Find the to magnitude
Selected Problems of action 8412.86 of the horizontal 3 wall
Water
force on the surface. F B ! $%R !4 wall
3.49 pA 5 0.2897psig ft p 5
1.67Bft 10 ft 0.416 psig p C 5 1.048 psig p 5 0.036
P3.79, psigP3.80 2.88 1a2 9.00 ft; 1b2 11,200 lb; 1
10 ft P3.79, P3.80
air1
FIGURA P3-66
3.17 p 5 6.39 P3.75 kPa (gage) h 5 39.3 pP3.76 mm 5 0.668 psig 4 ft 2.90 33,900 lb
air2 4 ft
10 ft
10 ft
3.80 A cylindrical 3.80 weirAhas cylindrical weir of has3 m2.92 aand diameter 373 kN ofof 3 m and a length o
3.19 pa53.76 )shown.
128 A dam
Superficies
kPa (gage) is to 3.51 be constructed
Semi-Cilíndricas
F12 R5 ft 81.3 using
lbf the 12
yu 5 ftcross-section
0.938 ft 3-67 the magnitude 6Vuelva
m. Find
a diameter
a considerar
the magnitude elofproblema
andresultant
a length
3-66.force
direction Use
of the el resultant
soft- force
Assume the dam width is w 5 160 ft. For water height 6 m. Find and direction the 2.94 314 kN; 497 kN
3.21 H 5H17.75 mm P3.74 ware
acting de
on EESthe (o
weir cualquier
Waterfrom the otro
H water. programa de este ti-
5 9 ft, calculate the 3.55
P3.74
magnitude F 5 2.04 N
R and line of action of the vertical acting on the weir from
Water the water. 2.96 1680 lb
po) e investigue Water elRcylindrical
efecto de la logprofundidad delrests aguaagainst sobre la top
3.75 ism 3.81 A of diameter theD ft a que the B of a
3.81 el2.100 3.63
A spillway gate formed in the forces
shape of a circular arc
3.23 h 53.75 force
1.67 A of spillway
in water on the3.57
gate dam
formed face.
FR inIs5theit
552 possible
kN offorayuwater
shape circular
5 2.00 arc
m is to xu 5 2.50 A m cylindrical
fuerza 66 mque se
log
dam. ejerceof θ diameter D rests against
The sobrewater la isplacalevel por
with borde.
the top
top
Suponga
of
of
the log and941 lathe Bcenter
2.102 1a2 1b2 ■ Figu
overturn this dam? w m
Underwide. Find
what the magnitude
circumstances and
will this line of
happen? action of the
dam. vertical
The water is level with the top of the log and the 2.11
center m; kN
■
w m wide. Find the magnitude and line of action of the vertical profundidadofdel agua Figu
3.25 Amplification factor 5 5.78
3.59
component F of 5 the600 lbf
force due to all fluids acting on the gate. thethe AA
logtop isvaría
level desde
with 0 hasta
the top2.104
5 the
of m, en
599 dam. incrementos
lb Obtain expressions
3.77 A Tainter gate used control water flow from the
component of the force due to all fluids acting on the gate. of the log is
de 0.5 m. Hagalevel with
for una tabla of y the
trace dam. la Obtain
gráfica expressions
de sus resultados.
3.27 p 5 Uniontown
24.7 kPa (gage) Dam on3.63 the
h 5Ohio D5
0.116 River
m8.66isftshown;2 ftthe gate width for (a) the mass of P3.82 the(a) log the 22m
per mass of the log per
m unit length and2.106 (b)unit the426length
contact kN,and 2.46 (b) the contac
m below sur
A = 1 ft A = 1 ft3-68I
force per unit El flujo
lengthforce de per
betweenagua unit desde
thelength log un recipiente
between
and dam.2.108
these controla
log
2.34
and
ft por
dam. una 2.120 2.120
is w 5 35 m. Determine the 2magnitude, ft direction, Band line2 of B = 10 ft 2
type
type of
= 10 ft
3.29 l 5 1.600 m 3.65 d 5 2.66 m Buoyancy
Water compuerta and con
3.82
Stability forma
A de
curved L y de
Gate
Gate
surface 5 ftis de ancho,
formed as articulada
a quarter en of el a circular o
R
action of Rthe force from the water acting on the Water gate. 3.82 punto A curved surface is formed as a quarter
A, como se muestra en la figura
2.110
P3.68I.
of a0.146 circular
Si se desea que Chaptershown
shown 3
cylinder with R 5 0.750 m as
2.116 shown.
is 392
w 5 kN; The surface
437 kN; Yes is w 5 3.55
3.31 l 5 0.549 m 3.67 SG 5 0.542 xy – Ay = B 3-70
xy – Ay = B
3.83
cylinder If
■
la■you
with
Figure throw
compuerta
R5 0.750
P2.116
an anchor m asout shown.
of your The canoe surfacebutagua the rope 3.55
is too is loca
is 3-72
loca
10 ft m wide.
Figure
Water msewide.
P2.116
stands
abra Water
totrough
cuando
the right
la altura
stands
of theto
del
the
2.118
curved right sea
581
surface of lb; de
the 12curved
to0.289
ft, de-surface
psi plane to
10 ft
H = 9 ft
Solution short
H = Two
9 for parts
the
termine la masa
ft of
anchor a water
to rest
delHpeso on the of semi-circular
bottom
necesario of the
W. Respuesta: cross-section
pond, will your
30,900 are held
lbm together
llena
plane b
3.33 s56 3.69 FV 5 831 kN depth 5 0.650 m. Calculate the vertical hydrostatic
9 force
cross ss
h=R h = R length of thedepthtrough. H 5
The 0.650
tension m. TCalculate
canoe float higher, lower, or stay the same? Provein each the
cable vertical
when the 2.120your
hydrostatic
trough is 7.77
full is
answer. & 10 lb actingcross
force to be determined. 406
la ar
R = 20 m on the Evaluate curved surface. the lineEvaluate the of line of action section of this
y 5 3.76 kN ! m on the 5curved
2.117 25.71surface. of2.122 action this
3.35 h 5 7.85 mm s 5 0.308 3.71 FV 5y7.62DkN
Water x = 10 m
xuFV Assumptions 3.84 F1AAtmospheric
A2.117curved kN The
The 18-ft-long
submerged
pressure 18-ft-long
actssurface, lightweight
lightweight
onmagnitude
both insides
the shapeof gate
gate
theline of64.4
of
trough aFig.
Fig.
quarter kN
P2.117
P2.117
wall, and is
is
thusaa it section
can be
force. Find the and of action of the the3-73
the
horizonta dam
x
Water force. quarter Find the magnitude
circle and is and
hinged line at of
H. action
Determine of the thehorizontal
horizontal force, dam
convenience. 2
cylinder The quarter
weight
with circle
of the
radius andtrough is
R 5hinged
is1.0 at
negligible.
ft H.
is Determine
shown. 2.124 The the 3360
horizontal
form psi
can force,
3.37 l 5 0.407 m 3.73 FV 5 2011 lbf 5 1.553
xuWater ft force on the surface. 5 pies friction at the hinge rrum
7 ft 1.67 ft 7 ft 1.67force
ft
withstand P, required
P,
on the surface.
required
a maximum
to
to hold the
the gate
holdvertical gateload in
in place.
place.
of 350
Neglect2.126
Neglect
lbf
3 before 203break-
friction kN at thedown hinge
Properties We and take the the weight
density of ofthe water gate. to be 1000 kg/m throughout.
W3370
2 704
3.39 xCengel
5 0.1053 P3.75 03.qxd
in 2/22/06 3.75 P3.76
P3.75 FV 5 2ρgwR
5:26 AM Page
2
π/4P3.76
110 xu 5 4R/3π ing. The and the width weightis wof 5 the 4 ft.gate. Find the maximum 2.128depth B H lb;to882 lb 4
A mue
3.76 Analysis which To expose
the form the may cable be tension,filled. weFind consider the 2.130
half of
line of 485the
action trough
kN of whose cross-sec suelo
∆z3.76 A dam is to be constructed using
7 " the cross-section
3.43 5 270 P3.77Am dam
for 3% to 3.77
is pressure FV 5 1.83using
be constructed
drop 3 10
∆z 5 455 N m
the α 55%
cross-section
for 19.9density drop
hydrostatic forces
the vertical acting on force the for verticalthis and horizontal
condition. Plot plane surfaces
the2.132 results46.8 as
over well
lb!ft
the as3 the weight of the
shown. Assume shown.
the dam Assume
width is the
w 5 dam
160 width
ft. For iswaterw 5 160 height ft. For water height PP
Water H dor d
ρ 53.78 A αof5the # R. R H2.134 1.22 ft; no change de c
"
A gate,
23 in the 3 shape
53.79 ofFV a5 quarter-cylinder,
416 magnitude
kN F and hinged
5 370 kN ataction 48.3
range F 5 557depth
of concrete kN 0 # H Water
3.45 H 5 93ft,10calculate
3.32 kg/m Hthe 9 ft, calculate
magnitude andthe line of actionH of theline of
vertical vertical
and sealed at B, force is 3 mofwide. The bottom of theIsgate is!4.5 m " force on vertical surface: R 66 ftft
Horizontal Compuerta
2.136 786,000 lb; 315,000 lb
force of water on the damwaterface.
FHIs onitthe ρgR
kNpossible
dam2 face.formwater it possible
forces tofor water forces to Water θ θ quie
3.47 F1atm 5 14.7
below thekN water overturnF0.5atm
surface. 5 52.6
Determine the force on the 2stop at 3π 15 pies
overturn this dam? Under 3.81 this dam?
110 what 5 Under what
circumstances will 5 ρR
circumstances
this happen? 1 1 willFthis H =happen?Fx = Pavg AWater = ρ ghC A =12ρpies g( R / 2 )A 2.138w 54,600 lb
w R2 53 5 w 4
3.49 pA3.77 5B0.289
if thePRESIÓN
gate is made
psig
A Tainter3.77
YpESTÁTICA
B 5A
of concrete;
0.416 DE
Tainter psig FLUIDOS
gate pused C
m.1.048
toflow psig
control from water
p 5 0.036 psig
theair1flow from the 3
Gate
Gate 2.142⎛ 127 1N lb d⎞
( )( )
gate used to control water H
3.85 M 5 5080 lbm = 1000 kg/m 9
P3.82
R . 81 (
Hm/s 2 0.5 / 2P3.82 m ) (0.5 m × 3
2.144 m) ⎜ 18.9 kPa;⎟ 0.208 m3
5 0.668
pair2Uniontown3-65 psig ElDamladoUniontown
delthe
on muro Ohio de Dam una on
River isthe
presa de
shown;Ohio100 River
the mgate de islargoshown;
width quethe es- gate dos width partes se mantienen juntas por medio de ⎝ 1 kg cables ⋅ m/s 2 y⎠ ten-
wtá5en 35contacto iscon 5agua
w3.87 35 m.M Determine dethe unmagnitude, direction,
of conand line H of Hinge3 m a lo largo 2.146
Hinge
de la 681 lb at de 6.22la ft to right o
3.51 FR 5is81.3 lbfm. Determine
yu 5 0.938 Aft tiene
the magnitude, formalbm
5 1895
Water direction, cuarto anddeline círculo = 3679 sores N colocados cada y
longitud
action
un radio de 10 m. 10/29/04 of the
Determine 2:22 force from
la fuerza the water acting on the Buoyancy
gate. ■ Figure
and
■ Figure P2.117
Buoyancy
P2.117
Stability and Stability 2.148 89.5% y = ax 2
action of
cen72367_ch03.qxdthe force from the water acting PM hidrostática
onPage 110 ejercida so-
the gate.
x
3.55 FR 5 2.04 bre Nla presa y su
3.89 h 5 177 Dmm
línea de acción cuando dicha presa está
The llena
3.83
vertical force If onyou thethrow
FIGURA
3.83
horizontal
an anchor If P3-68I
you
surface out throw
isofzero,
youransinceanchor
canoe 2.150
out
it but
coincides of your
the 8.63
rope with is ft!s
canoe
2
the but 2the rope
too FHis too
Cengel 03.qxd 2/22/06 5:26 AM Page 110 1m
hasta el borde. R F free surface of
short water.
for theThe weight
anchor shortto of for
fluid
rest the
on blockanchor
the per
bottom to
3-m rest
of on
length
the 2.152 the
is
pond,Cable 1a2
bottom
will 68.9
your of lb!ft
the ;
pond, 1b2 57.4
will lb
your
3.57 FR 5 552 kN yu 5 2.00 3.91B m SGxu55SG 2.50w
m air P3.84 2.118
2.118 The
The
canoe air
airfloatpressure
pressure
higher,
P3.85in
in the
the
lower, top
top of
or 2.154
of
stay the
thethe 2-liter
30'
2-liter
same? pop
pop
Prove bottle
bottleyour ■ Figu
■ Figu
answer
3-66 Una placa R =rectangular deR4= m F
20air de 2
m alturaF net y 5 m de ancho canoe 3-69I
float Repita
higher, lower, el problema
or stay the 3-68I
same? paraProve una your altura answer. del agua de
3.59 F 5 600bloquea lbf 20 m 3.85 shown
The
8=shown
ρ inρVideo
in
cross-sectional
Video
3.84
V2.6
× V2.6
and Fig.
shape
/ 4and
RA2 curved ]theFig.
of P2.118
a canoeis
P2.118 isis40
2.156
40 psi,
psi, and
modeled hin!the
and by
thea!!g pop
the
pop depth
depth
el extremo de un canal de = agua
10 Problems
m dulce deD491 =m 10de m pro- F V = WA
3.84 ft.gVin.=
curved g[ wbottom
2 submerged surface, submerged
in hasthe shape surface, of a quarter the shape of a quarter
P3.78 D curveis isy1010
5 ax in. ,The
The
where bottom a 5of of
1.2 theft21bottle
bottle and hasthean an irregular
irregular
coordinates
2.158 6.04
shape
shape arerad!s
with
in aa di-
with di- form 2.121
fundidad, como se muestra en la figura P3-66. La placa está ar- ameter of 4.3cylinder
in. with radius R 5 1.0 ft is shown. The 2.121 can
3.63 D 5 8.66 ft
Water
cylinder
Water= (1000 3-70 with
ameterUna of radius
3 4.3 artesain. (a)R de
(a) 5
2 If
Ifaguathe
1.0the bottle
ft is
de sección
bottle cap
cap2 has
shown. has ⎛ aa diameter
The
transversal
⎜ 2.160
form
1 N 5.76
diameter ⎞ of can
semicircular
⎟ offt
11 in.
in. what
whaty in in shap
shap
ticulada en torno a un eje horizontal que está a lo largo de su withstand is kg/m
the a )(9withstand
magnitude
maximum .81 m/s of the )[(axial
vertical a3 m)maximum
load (0.5ofm)
force required
350 /4]lbf
vertical
⎜ 1 toto load
hold
before theof
break- 350
cap in lbf before
place? break
ndicated. 3.79 Consider the cylindrical 110 weir of diameter 3 m and length con
is the unmagnitude
radio de 5ofm theconstaaxial force de dos partes
required kg simétricas
hold
⋅ m/s the⎟⎠ cap
2 articuladas
in place? the liqu
3.65 d 5 2.66borde m superior y que
left pasa
110 a por un puntogravityA,ofy1.6, su and aperturaon la res-ing. The (b) Determine
(b) width
entre sí enisel
Determine ing. the
5The
wfondo,
the 4force
ft.width
force needed
Find
como needed is
thew
se to 4 ft.⎝ 2.162
Articulación
5secure
tomaximum
muestra secure en the
Find
theladepth 28.8
bottom
the
figura
bottom H kPa
22P3.70.
maximumtoin.
in. of the
of Las depththeHliq
the to
the tank. 6 m. If the fluid onYthe
PRESIÓN ESTÁTICA has DE specific
FLUIDOS = 5779 N mine
mine th
t
e vertical tringe
the0.542
right has unaborde FLUID
specific fijo MECHANICS
en el ofpunto
gravity 0.8, find B. Determine
the magnitude la fuerzaand que se which bottle
the to
form its cylindrical
which
may be the sides.
form
filled. FindFor
may
bottle to its cylindrical sides. For this calculation assume the ef- erted this
thebe calculation
filled.
line of Find
action assume the of the
line ef-
of action ooo
3.67 SG 5 P3.77 P3.77 FIGURA P3-70 erted
art of the 3-65 ofsobre
ejerce
direction El
thelado del muro
la placa
resultant por
force. de borde.
el una presa de 100 m de largo Then que
theises-the vertical
magnitude fect
dos
fectand of
of the
partesthe
force weight
se
formantienen
the
weight
direction ofof
vertical
this ofthe the pop
force
thehydrostatic
condition.pop is
juntas
isfornegligible.
por
this
negligible.
Plot force Chapter
medio
thecondition. (c)
(c) By
results
acting deover
By on3how
cables
Plot
how the themuch
the
much
surface does
y results
ten-
does of theover 3-m
40-kPathe
3–65 3.78
The water side aof the wall 40-kPa
3.69 FV3.78 5 831táAkN en contacto
gate, in thecon Aagua
shape gate,
oftiene inquarter-cylinder,
the
forma shape deofof una acuarto
100-m-long
quarter-cylinder,
hinged de at dam
círculo
A
become con a
hinged
range sores
together
the
the
of weight
at concrete
A byofrange
colocados
weight
athecable
the pop
ofdepth cada
pop
and turnbuckle
of0 increase
# 3H m
increase
concrete # athe the
R. lopressure
depth largo
pressure 0placed
#3.2 22Hin.
de every
in.la
# above
13.7
longitud
above
R. 3m!s
the m
the bottom?
along
de la
bottom?
and un quarter
radioatde
sealed B,circle
and
10
is 3m.mwith
sealed a atradius
Determine
wide. TheB, is la3offuerza
bottom m10 wide.
ofm.hidrostática
theDetermine
The gate bottom
is 4.5 the hydro-
of the
ejercida
m gate is 4.5
so- Assume
the
Assumem length the
theof pop
pop thehas
has the
the same
trough. same specific
Calculate
specificthe weight
3.4
weight tension as that
as#30.0 in each
that of water.
ofkPa!m
water.cable
3.71 FV 5below 7.62 kN static xuF
force on
below 5 3.76
thethedam kN
water !
and m its
surface. F
line AAof 5 25.71
action
Determine kN
when the the
force damon isthe artesa.
stopwhen
2 at Calcule
the
2 trough la istensión
filled
2 toen the cada rim.
2 cable cuando la artesa está
brethela water V
presa3.0ysurface.
su línea de acciónthe
Determine cuando
force dichaon thepresa stop está at llena FR = FH + FV = (3679 N) + (5779 N) = 68513.6 wN #0.838 psi!ft; w 0.0292 psi
filled to theB
mrim.D = 3.0 m
if the gate is made 5 of concrete; R 5 3 m. llena hasta el borde. 1m
3.73 FV 5 2011 B if hasta
the lbfel borde.
gate is made
xu 5 1.553 ft of concrete; R
1.51m m
3 m.
FV 5779 N 1-in. 3.8 Cable 1a2 #2ra 2
V 2
[1 # 1a!x22]!
tan θ = 3-71 = Los dos = 1costados
.571 1-in. diameter
diameter
de θ una
=1 57.5
martesa de agua con forma d 0
de V
d
3-663–66 2 Una A 4-m-high, 5-m-wide de 4 rectangular
m de altura plate y 5 mblocks the R Cable1b2 p0 " rV 0 [1a!x22 # 1a! 2
3.75 FV 5 2ρgwR π/4 placa xu 5rectangular
4R/3π de ancho F 3679
están articulados entre
H
RN ppair == 40 psi
sí40enpsiel fondo, en donde se encuentran,
end ofel aextremo
bloquea 4-m-deep freshwater
canal de channel, as de shown in pro-
Fig. H air 3.12 12.0 kPa; #20.1 kPa
7 P3.79, P3.80de un agua Water
"Water about aA horizontal
A hinged
dulce 4 m de H
como se muestra en la figura P3.71,offormando ambos costados
3.77 FV 5 1.83 P3–66.
3 10 N The α
plate5 is
19.9
fundidad, como se muestra en la figura P3-66. La placa está ar- axis along
Therefore, its
the line of action passes through the center ythe
3.14 curvature1a2y =4.97 of the y trough,
ax 2 lb!ft ; 0.681
3 making
=lb!ft
ax 2
3.80 upper edge through a point A and is restrained fromhorizontal.
opening Taking unthe ángulo
moment de about
45° respectopoint A del suelo.
where the two Cada parts costado
are
x hinged mide and 0.75
2 setting mx ity equal
FV 5 416ticulada
A enF torno
cylindrical weir a un
has a eje horizontal
diameter
α
D
48.3"que está
of 3 m and a lengthD
a557lo largo
kN de su
of 3.20 3.21 N!m
3.79 kN H5 370 kNpoint B.5 4Determine
m F 5force de12 ancho y las dos partes se mantienen juntas mediante cables y 3 m
6 m. borde by the
Find asuperior
fixed
magnitude ridge
y que at
andpasa direction of the resultantthe forceexerted on 12 in.in. Articulación
R por un punto RA, y su apertura la res-M A =tensores 3.24de la203 ft!s
0 10 in.colocados FR Rsin(cada 90 − 57 . 5 ) = TR 3m
the plate byfrom the ! " 10 in. P3.84 6P3.85m a loHinge largo P3.85longitud de la
FH acting ρgR on
2 the
tringe un weir
m borde Bridge.
fijo the
en water.
el 3πpunto B. B Determine la fuerza que P3.84 se
3.81 5 5 ρR2 1 1 artesa. CalculeFIGURA la tensión P3-70
4.3-in. en
diametercada cable cuando la artesa está
lar arc is w 3.81 ejerce sobre
A2 cylindrical w lalogplaca por el4borde.
of diameter D rests against
AB
the top ofSolving a 3.85
for T andThe substituting,
llena hasta
3.85
cross-sectional
el
the tension
FIGURE
borde.
The shape4.3-in.
P3–70
in theofdiameter
cross-sectional
Respuesta:
acable
canoe is determined
5510 N 21
shape
is modeled of atocanoe bybe theis modeled by 1the 1m m
2 221
dam. The water is level P3.78with the top of P3.78 the log and the center curve y 5 ax , where curve a5 y5 1.2axft , where and the a 5coordinates
1.2 ft andare theincoordinates are in
e vertical
3.85 M 5of5080 the loglbm is level with the top of the dam.
T = F R sin ( 90 − 57 .5 ) = ( 6851 N ) sin ( 90 − 57 .5 ) = 3681 N ≅ 3680 N
e gate. 1 mObtain
A expressions artesa.
3–71 The Calcule two lasides tensión of a en V-shapedcada cable watercuando trough laareartesa hinged está
for (a) the mass of the FIGURA
log per P3-66
unit length and (b) the contact ■■ Figure
Figure P2.118
P2.118 findingCable
3.87
= 1 ft
M 5 1895 lbm
force per unit length between the log1and m dam.
Discussion Thisllena
to problem
each hasta other can
el alsobottom
borde.
at the be solved where withoutthey meet, asFshownR by finding in Fig.the lines ■ Figu
■ Figu o
= 10 ft2 hydrostatic force and P3–71, the weight.
making an angle of 45° with the ground from both
3.89 h5 177 mm 3-71 Los dos costados de una artesa de agua con forma de V
3.82 A curved surface
3-67 Vuelvaisa formed considerar as aelquarter
problema of a3-66. circular Use el soft- sides. Each
cylinder with R 5 0.750 m as shown. The surface is w 5 3.55
2.119
están A tankside
A tank
2.119 articulados wallis
wall has
entre
has 0.75 the
thesím enwide,
shape
shape el shown and in
fondo,
shown inthe
enFig.
Fig. two
donde parts
P2.119.
P2.119. are held
Determine
se encuentran,
Determine 2.122
2.122
Fair ware de EES (o cualquier otro programa de este ti- the
together
the
como horizontal
horizontal
se by
muestraa and
andcable vertical
vertical
en and
la components
turnbuckle
components
figura P3.71, of
placed
of the
the
formando force
every
force of
of
ambos the
6the m wateralong
water
costados on
on of
of one
one
3.91 SG m 5 wide.
SGw Water stands to the right of 4the m curved surface to aa 4-ft length of the curved section depth
= 9 ft po) F e air
investigue
2 Fnet el efecto de la profundidad del agua sobre la the
un 4-ftlength
ángulolength of
de of the
45° the trough.
0.75 curved
respectom Calculate
section
del suelo.
AB.
AB. the
Cada tensioncostado in each
mide cable
0.75 m depth oo
depth H 5 0.650 m. Calculate the vertical hydrostatic force filled 45° 45° Answer: 5510 N
fuerza que se ejerce sobre la placampor el borde. Suponga que la when
de ancho the ytrough las dos is partes to
se the rim.
mantienen juntas mediante cables y
on the curved surface. Evaluate the4 line of action of this
 2.118
c02FluidStatics.qxd The air pressure 2/22/12in the top 5:51 of the PM 2-liter Page pop 95 bottle ■ Figure P2.120
de pro-
está ar-
ocks shown
the03.qxd 2/22/06 5:26 AM Page 111 Cable in Video V2.6 and
1 m Fig. P2.118 is 40 psi, and the pop depth 18 ft
engel is 10 in. The bottom of the bottle has an irregular shape with a di- A2.121 Pivot Water
no in de Fig.
su A plug andinFluid the bottom
Statics of a pressurized tank is conical
ameter of 4.3 in. (a) If the Articulación bottle cap has a diameter of 1 in. what Chapter in shape,
3 Pressure
as shown in Fig. P2.121. The air pressure is 40 kPa, and
aalong
la res-its3-75 [Also solved is theusing EES on enclosed DVD] 4m
a opening
que se Solution   magnitude COMPILADO of the axial force required to hold DE
PROBLEMAS
A quarter-circular gate hinged about its upper edge controls the flow of the
the cap in place? SOBRE
FUERZAS water liquid Sthe
over in
UPERFICIES
the
ledge tank at B haswhereaS UMERGIDAS
specific
the weight of 27 : kN/m   3. Deter-
(b) Determine
FIGURA the
P3-70 force needed to secure the bottom 2 in. of the 6 ft
mine the magnitude, direction, and line of action of
xerted ongate   is pressedbottle by aWaterspring.CThe ENGEL
to its cylindrical minimum –W
sides. springHITE –required
For force
MUNSON
this calculation to keep–the
assume the
FOX gate .closed when the water level rises to A at
B ef- erted on the curved surface of the cone within the
 thedue
tank
force ex-
to the
the upper6 edge of the gate is to be determined. Ing.much Waldo
m fect of the weight of the popHinge is negligible. (c) By how doesLizcano 40-kPa
1m G.
pressure and the liquid.
■ Figure P2.119 111
artesa. Calcule
Assumptions the weight
1 The la of isthefrictionless.
Atensión
hinge popen increase
cada 2cable the pressure
Atmosphericcuandopressure 2lain. above
artesa actsestá the
on both bottom?
sides   of the gate, and thus it can be ignoredCAPÍTULO 3 Problems
in calculations
llena hasta Assume FIGURE the pop
forelconvenience.
borde. P3–70 has
3 The theweight
same of specific
the gateweight as that of water.
is negligible.
2m BMAns.qxd 2/15/12 9:01 PM P
altura del We lodo a the
la cual a) oflos
2.116 Abloques
4-m-long vencerán
curved 3la fricción y the side ofHoover 40 kPa
3-71
Properties 3–71 Los Thedos take
two costados
sides ofde
density auna artesa
water
V-shaped to bede
water agua
1000 con gate
kg/m
trough areishinged
forma
throughout. located
de V in2.120 ■
a reservoir
Figure Dam P2.122 (see Video 2.5) is the highest arch-gravity ■ Fig
empezarán a resbalar y b)containing losGate bloques waterse voltearán.
as shown in Fig.
están
Analysis to each articulados
other
We consider entre
at the sí en
bottom
the free elbody
where
1-in. fondo,
diameter they
diagramenmeet,donde
of asse
the encuentran,
shown
liquid in P2.116.
block Fig.enclosed
Determine
type
by
of damthe
the
in magni-
circular
the United States. A cross section of the dam is
surface of the gate and its
3-74
como Repita el projections.
problema tude 3-73 of the
para horizontal
bloques and
de vertical
concreto components
con shown of in theFig.force of the The walls
P2.120(a). Air of the canyon in which the dam
vertical andsehorizontal
P3–71, muestra
making en
an la anglefigura
water pairP3.71,
of
The 45° psiformando
with
hydrostatic
=on40the the ground
gate.forces
ambos
Will this acting from
force
costados
on the both
pass vertical
through andpoint horizontal plane surfacesTank
A? Explain. as well as the Water
un ■
un Figure
ancho
ángulo
sides. P2.116
de
de 45°0.4 m.
respecto del suelo. Cada thecostado mideare 0.75 m is located are
opens sloped,
slightly and andjust upstream
lets the water of the
flow dam under the it. vertical
Determine the
weight of theEach
liquid side
block isare 0.75 m wide,
determined as andfollows: two parts held
A the gate wall
de ancho y las dos partes se mantienen juntas mediante cables y plane shown weight in Figure
of P2.120(b)per meter approximately
of length. represents the
together
3-75 by a cable and turnbuckle placed every 6 m along
Una compuerta de 4 m de largo con forma de un cross section of the water acting on the dam. Use this vertical cross 3
tensores
Horizontal force
the length colocados
onof vertical
the trough.
cuarto cada
de surface: 6 Calculate
círculo m de a lo radio largo
the3 m dey la
tension longitud
deFig. in each
peso de
cable
desprecia- la section to 2.123 estimate the W The concrete
resultantLiquid (specific
horizontal force weight 18 !
of the
ft 150 lb/ft ) seawall
water on
2.117 12 in.The 18-ft-long lightweight gate of P2.117 is a A
artesa.
when =articulada
FH Calcule
the x = Pla
Ftrough aveis =
tensión ρghCen
Aalrededor
filled =cada
toA the ρgrim.
( Rcable
/borde
2) A cuando
Answer: 5510 la artesaN como estáse the dam, and 3 of Fig.
m P2.123 has a curved surface and restrains seawater at a 20 p
ble
quarter
llena
está
hastacircle el and
10
borde. Respuesta:
de su
in.is hinged at H. Determine the horizontal force,
5510 N
superior A, Fx show where this force acts.
depth of 24 ft. The R =trace
3 m of the surface is a parabola ANS-2 as illustrated. Answers t
ngel 03.qxd
cen72367_ch03.qxd muestra 2/22/06
P, required en10/29/04
tolahold
figura
5:26 P3.75.
the 2:22AM PM
gate La
inPage place.
2 Page
compuerta
111111 controla
Neglect friction ⎛ atelthe flujo
1 kN hingede⎞⎟c02FluidStatics.qxd Ffluid
agua = (1000
sobre kg/m 3 )(9en
el reborde .81B, 4.3-in.
m/sdonde )(3 / diameter
2está m × 3Cable
m)(4comprimida m)⎜ Determine the moment 2/22/12of the 5:51 s PMforce Page(per 96 unit length) with re-
and the weight of the gate. ⎜ 1000por kg ⋅un m/sre- 2 ⎟ 1m
45 ft spect to an axis through 6 ftthe toe (point A). 2.64 0.304 ft
⎝ ⎠
sorte. Determine la fuerza mínima necesaria Water Cable del resorte para 60° B 880 ft 2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31
= 176.6 kN 6m
B
Vertical force ■ on Figure
horizontal P2.118
surface (upward):P ■ Figure P2.119 2.68 36,000 lb
el soft- A ■ Figure P2.121 Fy 2.70 p ! 0.416 u
Fy = Pavg A = ρ gh6C A = ρ ghbottom A
eoresteother)
ti- 0.75ftm 2m Seawater 111 2.74 2.90 lb
depth laon Water2.119 A0.75 tank wall45° has2 the shape 45° shown in⎛Fig. P2.119. 1 kN Determine ⎞ 2.122 Theft2.120
727 homogeneous CAPÍTULO
gate
Hoover shown
Dam (see 3 Fig.
in Video P2.122 2.5) is consists
the highest
sobre
= ( horizontal)( and45°
1000 kg/m 3 m
9 .81 m/s ) components
( 3 m ) (4 m × 3 m) = 353 . 2 kN FIGURA P3-82 715 2.76
ft. 12.19 ft arch-g
ahequewater
la the vertical 45° ⎜ force
of the of the2 ⎟water on of one quarter of aytype circular
= 0.2of 2
x dam cylinderin the and is usedStates.
United to maintainA cross a water
section of the d
altura del lodo a la cual a) losGatebloques vencerán ⎝ 1000
la Gate
kg
fricción⋅ m/s y ⎠ 111 2.78 7200 lb
Tabulate
ementos a 4-ft H length of the curved section Hinge AB. 96
depth24 ftof 4 m. Chapter
That shown2 ■
is, when Fluid
in Fig. Statics
theCHAPTER
water depth
P2.120(a). 3The exceeds
walls of 4 m, thethe canyongate in which ■ Fig th
empezarán a resbalar y b) los bloques se voltearán.
Articulación is located are sloped, and just upstream 2.80 of 665thelbdam the v
ados. The weight of fluid block per 4-m■length
FIGURE P3–71 Figure P2.116
(downwards):
overcome
Repitafriction Hinge and start sliding
para and (b) the deblocks willcon tip plane shown in Figure P2.120(b)2.82 107 kPa represen
by a 3-74 el problema 3-73 bloques concreto approximately
olled
por una W
over. = ρ g V FIGURA
= ρ g w P3-71
× R 2
/ 4 3-83I 660 Se ftusa una ygrúa para bajar objetos pesados dentro 2.84 de7.11 m; No 2.130
■ Figure
un ancho de 0.4 m. P2.117 cross section of the
290 water
A subacuática. Deter- Use this vertica
ft acting on the dam.
n inenFig. un lago, para un proyecto detoconstrucción and
da el 3–72
3–74 Repeat Repeat Prob.
Prob. 3–71
3–73 2.117 for
for the
0.4-m-wide case of
The 18-ft-long a
concretepartially
⎛ forma blocks. filled
lightweight
1 kNde un⎞ gate mine of Fig.la P2.117 section
isena el cable de la grúa debida estimate
Mark the
for
x
resultant 2.86
horizontal F force
B ! of
$%R !4 ha
3 wa
the
he
sea water
que 3-75 trough= with ( cuarto de)(círculo
1000 Unaa kg/m compuerta
water 3
9 .
height81 m/s
quarter
de
of ) radio
2 4 m de largo2 con
(
0.4
depara
4 m ) (3
directly
circle and is hinged
3caso
m)
m the yde
/4 ⎜ at H. Determine
above
de2-liter
peso
1000
the hinge.
kg ⋅semi-
desprecia-m/s 2 ⎟
= 277 .
the4 kN
ricohorizontal
tensión
(a)
aceroforce,
deP2.120 (densidad ! 15
the dam,
494
and
ft
show
BMAns.qxd
water
(bwhere
)
lbm/ft3) de 3 ft de diámetro
a un
this bloque
force
2/15/12 esfé-
acts.
2.88 1a2 9.00 ft;the
9:01 PM Page mine
1b2
ANS
wa
1
t
weight
2 ft, de- W. 3-72 3–75RepitaThe
2.118 elAproblema
4-m-long
air pressure 3-71quarter-circular
in the el
top of gate una⎝ of artesa
radius
pop 3
bottle m ⎠ ■ Figure
3–73 Anetunaretaining wall requireda tomud
P,against holdslide the gate is A, in place.
to be con- Neglect friction at the hinge 2.90com- 33,900 lb Water
900 lbm Therefore, ble
llena
shownestáythe
inarticulada
con Video upward
andaltura
V2.6 alrededor
del
vertical
ofand agua
Fig.force
negligible de de
P2.118su
is 0.4borde
ism40of
weight superior
directamente
is and
psi, hinged como
arriba
about se
de
its cuando■está Figure P2.123Pivoten el aire y b) sumergido por
a) suspendido
structed by placing and
0.8-m-high the weight
and the
0.2-m-wide gate.the pop
rectangular
depth 45 ft 0.5 cm 2.92 373 kN
muestra
laisupper en
articulación.
10Fin.= edge
The labottom
figura
A, as353 P3.75.
shown
of inLa Fig. compuerta
P3–75. The controla
gate elwith
controls flujo de
the pleto en el agua.
concreteV y − W =(r
Fblocks FIGURA ! .2the2700
bottle
−P3-75
277 = has
.4kg/m 753.)8an kN
side
irregular
by side,
shape
as shown
a di-
in 2.121 A plug in the bottom of a pressurized tank 4 mis conical
2.94 314ft kN; 497 kN
880
agua
3-73ameter sobre
flow Se of el
of water
debe reborde
4.3 in.construir
(a) Ifthe
over entheun B,
ledge donde
bottle
muro capde
at está
B,has wherecomprimida
a diameter
contención the gate contra por
of 1isin. unwhat
pressed
un re-
de- 3-84 as Seshowndeben determinar elThevolumen y la densidad promedio
in shape, 2.124 A in Fig. P2.121.
12-in.-diameter pipe air pressure
contains a isgas 40 kPa,
under and
2.96 1680oflb
a pressure
Then isFig.
sorte.
rrumbe by
the
P3–73.
aDetermine
themagnitude
magnitude
spring.
de lodo
The
andof
Determine
con
friction
lathe fuerza
axialthe
direction
bloques
coefficient
mínima
force
of minimum
the required
hydrostatic
rectangulares
between
necesaria
to hold
spring force
the
del
the
deforce
ground
resorte
cap
acting
concreto in
onplace?
required (rthe
and
para!Pto theofde
surface the
liquid un4-m in long
cuerpo the quarter-circular
de
tank forma
haspipe a irregular
specific section usando
weight of is ofuna127balanza
kN/m 3 de resorte.
.isDeter-
the
(b) concrete
Determine blocks
the force when is f !
neededthe0.3, and
to secure the density
the bottom of the
2toin. mud is 140 psi. If the wall thickness in., what the
2.100 average 3.63cir- ft
the gate keep
2mantener
700become the 3gate
kg/m de closed
) kg/m 0.8 m de is altura ywater
0.2that mlevel de rises
ancho, A of
como at thethe
se mine Elthe cuerpo 1 pesa
magnitude, m
cumferential
Unknown
7 direction,
200stressN en el aire
and
developed line yof in4cm
10 790pipe
action
the
4
Nofen the
wall?el force
agua.ex- Deter-
bottle
about
upper to1800
edge cerrada
its cylindrical
of the la compuerta
3. There
gate. sides. For cuando
concern this el
calculationnivel
the del
assume
6 ft concrete agua se
the
blocks ele-
ef- liquid
ANS-2 2.102 1a2
Answers 2.11 tom; 1b2 9
Selecte
muestra en en la2 elfigura P3.73. El coeficiente erted on the curved surface
mine el volumen y la densidad del cuerpo.727 of the cone within the tank
Exprese due to the
sus suposi-
va
fect
mayhasta
of =A weight
the
FRslide For + borde
tip
F of
2 over
=the superior
( pop
the
176 . 6is
lower
kN) de 2 la
Water
negligible.
+left
( 75 . (c)deBy
compuerta.
edge
8 kN) 2as fricción
= how
the
192 . 2much
mud kN
entre does
level el
40-kPa 2.125 A
pressure and the liquid. cylindrical tank with its axis ft
horizontal has2.104 a diameter599 of
lb 715
suelo
the y los of
weight bloques
H
the
V es f ! 0.3, y la densidad del lodo es alrede- ciones.
el pop increase the pressure 2 radio
in.(a) above the bottom? 2.0 m and a length of 4.0 m. The ends of the tank are 426 vertical
rises. Determine 8m
dor3-76 de 1Repita
800 F kg/m 753the
problema
. .
mud height
Existe
8 kN 3-75
la
at which
para
preocupación un de
the
de los
que 4blocksm
Gatepara
bloques
willla 2.64 0.304 2.106 ft kN, 2.46 m
Assume tan θthe = pop =has the same = 0.specific weight
H as that of water. 3-85 ■ planes.
Considere A FIGURA
vertical
un bloque 0.1-m-diameter
cúbico grande pipedeis hielo connected to the top of ■ Fig
2.66que!2.108 flota
! [den
V
compuerta.
A 429 θ = 23.2 Figure P2.122 P3-82 2.34 # 1d 2 "
to fta
de concretoFpuedan Respuesta: 6 kN314 kN o voltearse sobre el borde iz-
176.resbalarse " 11.31
H el mar. theLas tank. The tank
gravedades 40 kPa and the pipe
específicas del arehielofilled y withagua
del ethyldealcohol mar
quierdo 0.2 m
inferior conforme suba el nivel delHinge lodo. Determine la level of 1.5 respectivamente.
m above the top of 2.68 36,000 2.110 lb
0.146
Flotación
Therefore, the magnitude 1-in. of the hydrostatic
3m force acting on the gate is 192.2 kN,son and0.92 itsforce y 1.025,
line of FIGURE
action passes P3–82 through Si the
the unatank. parteDetermine
de 10 cm
2.70 p2.116!
the
de0.416resultant
al-
diameter
■ Figure P2.117 to del opens of
bloqueslightly the
deAir alcohol
hielo on
andse lets one
extiende end
660
the water of
ft the
por encima tank
flow under and show
de lait.superficie where
Determine 392
290
u kN; 437 kN
it acts.
ftthe
center 3-77Cof the quarter-circular
¿Qué es fuerza gate
pair = 40 pside making
flotación? an angle¿Qué 23.2 la upwards
causa? from
¿Cuál the es horizontal.
weight ofuna the grúagate per meter of length.
2.74 2.90
2.118 lb 581 lb; 0.289 ps
3-83I
del agua, 2.126 usaImagine
Sedetermine la the tank
para
altura del ofbloque
bajar (Problem
a) objetos de 2.125 pesados
hielo splitabajo
por by
dentro ade horizontal
de
la magnitud
The minimum de laspring fuerzaforce de flotación
needed isque
B actúa sobre
determined by taking un cuerpo a moment 3–83E about the Apointcrane A is
where used the to
hingelower is, weights
and into 2.76
a lake 12.19
2.120
for an ftla
7.77
(b)
& 109 lb a
un lago,
superficie. plane.
para
2.123 Determine
un proyecto
Respuesta: The the
87.6
concretemagnitude
de cmconstrucción
(specific of the resultant
subacuática.
weight ! force
150 of
Deter-
lb/ft 3
)the alco-
seawall
setting sumergido
it equal tocuyo zero, volumen2.118
c02FluidStatics.qxdes V? ¿Cuáles The son air la dirección
2/22/12
pressure in the y latop
5:51 lí- of the
PM Page
underwater 96
2-liter pop bottle
construction ■ Figure
project. P2.120
Determine the 2.78
tension 7200
in the lb
Spring
mine laof hol on the
tensión
Fig. enbottom
P2.123 hashalf
el cable a de oflathe
curved grúatank.
surfacedebida anda un bloque
restrains 2.122 esfé-
seawater 64.4at kN a ■ Fig 20 p
nea de acción de la 0.8fuerza
m shown de flotación?
inMud Video V2.6 and Fig. P2.118 is 40 psi, rope andofthe the pop crane Liquid
depth due to ends
atrace
3-ft-diameter 3)spherical
2.80 steel 665block lb
12 in. M = 0 θm) −bottom rico de depth
acero
2.127 ofIf 24the ft.
(densidad tankThe ! 494
inof the
lbm/ft
Problem surface de
2.125 is 3a areparabola
ft de 2.124 as
diámetro
hemispherical, 3360
illustrated.what psi
in. −The Fspring Rof= the
FR is R sin( h
3-78C A 10 90
10 in.Considere dos bolas esféricas idénticas sumergidas en
r 0 bottle has an irregular 3m
(density shape
bof with
)!the
Superficies
Determine 494 a lbm/ft
di-
the moment
3) when it is (a) suspended
2.121 Semicirculares
ofelthe Afluid force the(per
2.82in the
unitof
107 air
length)
kPa
with re-
ft. ameter of 4.3 in. (a) If the bottle cap has a cuando
diameter
isestá
1
magnitude
a)
in. suspendido
what
of the en resultant
aire plug b) insumergido
yhorizontal bottom
force
2.84 2.126
ofthe
por
7.11
acom-
pressurized
m; 203
alcoholNo kN on tank
downis c
Solving agua foraFprofundidadesand substituting, diferentes.
4.3-in. the
diameter spring Las fuerzas
force is de
determined flotación to be que and
pletothe (b) completely
spect
one
encap el in of to
agua. an
the immersed
axis
curved through
in shape,
ends? inthe
as water.
toe
shown (pointin Fig.
A). P2.121. The
2.128 air pressure
3370 3 lb; 2.131
is882
40 lb kP
FIGURE
FIGURA P3–75 place? the liquid in the tank has a2.86 !4 27 kN/m
¿son P3-75
of radius
spring is the magnitude of the axial force required to hold 1m specific FB weight ! $%Rof water 3
.
actúan sobre ellas las mismas o son diferentes? Explique. 3–84 The
2.128 volume and
An open el the average
tank density
containing of
water an 2.130
irregularly
has apromedio
bulge 485
in ft;
its 1b2 kN
ver-11,200
haguaotherdeat Fspring = FR sin(90 - θ ) = (192.2 (b) Determine the force needed to secure the3-84
kN) sin( 90 − 23 . 2 ) = 177 kN
bottomSe 2 deben
tical
in. ofGOthe
bodyside arethat
determinar
60° mine the
to isbesemicircular
volumen
magnitude,
in by shape
y ladirection,
densidad
asbalanza
shown
2.88 and1a2line
indeFig.
9.00 of action
P2.128.
of the
of 3the lb;
for
3-79C Considere dos bolas
3–76 Repeat FIGURE
bottleesféricas
to its cylindricalde diámetro sides. 5 cm For —una this calculation shaped
de unassume cuerpo the
de ef-
forma determined
irregular
erted on theusando curveduna
using
surface
a 2.90
spring
of the 2.132
scale.
33,900
resorte.
cone 46.8De-
lb
within lb!ft
the tankof due
R) t
are held
de aluminioP2.118
Prob. 3–75
y la otra de acero—
P3–73 for a radius of 4 m for the gate.
fect of the que weight
estánofsumergidasthe pop is negligible.en agua. (c)The By how termine
much the7200
does horizontal andand vertical components of373 thekN force that
■ Figure El body
cuerpo weighs
pesa 7 200 N Nen
40-kPa in el air
aire
pressure y 4 4790
790
and N
N
the in
en water.
2.92
el
liquid. agua. Deter-
2.134 Deter- 1.22 ft; no chan
rcular y Discussion
mantenerAnswer:
Las fuerzas
314
Several
cerrada kN variations
la compuerta
de flotación
of
the weight
que 96
this
actúan
design
cuando of are
el
the
sobre Chapterpossible.
nivel
pop
ellas del
2¿son
increase Can
■aguaFluid
las
you think
sepressure
ele- 2 in.
Statics
themismas of■ Figure
some
mine aboveof them?
the P2.121
the water
thevolume
bottom? exerts on
thethedensity bulge. Base of theyour analysis onyour a kN;1-ft 497 length
iculadas vao Buoyancy
hasta A en el borde superior
Assume de the la compuerta.
pop has the same specific weightassumptions.
mine
as thatof
el volumen
ofthewater. bulge. yand
Seawater
la densidad del cuerpo. body.
Exprese 2.94 State
sus3142.136
suposi- 786,000 kN lb; Sectio
315
70. Las
son diferentes? Explique.
FIGURA P3-73 ciones. 2.96 1680
2.138 lb 54,600 lb
2.119 Repita
2 2.132
la 2.122
A tank el wall has the shape shownun in Fig. P2.119. Determine = 0.2gate
3-76 problema 3-75 2.129The homogeneous A yclosed x
tank shownis filledin Fig. with P2.122 kPa consists
water
402.100 and has a 4-ft-
3-80C
the3–77C
horizontalConsidere
What andisvertical un cubo
buoyant de para
force?
components cobreWhatof de the
radio
causes kgdeit?
3force y 4una
of
m bola
What
the
para
water is the
ondel of 3–85
one quarter
3-85 Consider
24 ftof a circular
Considere aunlarge cubic
cylinder
bloque cúbicoice
and block
isgrande
used floating
todemaintain
hielo in que 3.63
2.142
seawater.
a2.129.
water
flota
ft 127
en lb ■ Archim
Fig
compuerta. diameter hemispherical dome as shown in Fig.
2.102 1a2 A
2.11 18.9 U-tube
m; 1b2kPa; 941brief
kN p
mismo
a magnitude metalRespuesta:
4-ft length ofdethe
of 3 curved
the kgbuoyant 314 kN
sumergidas
section
forceAB. en un líquido.
acting on 1-in. Las
diameter
3-47
a submerged fuerzas body de The
depth specific
of 4
el mar. manometer m. That gravities
Las gravedades is, when of
is connected
ice
the and
water
específicas seawater
depth
to thedel tank.
are
exceeds
hieloDeterminey 0.924
del m, and
the
agua
the 2.144
1.025,
gate
de
vertical mar force of 0.208
flotación queMATERIAL
actúan sobre . ©estos aredos the cuerpos ¿son las themismas o Limitedrespectively. If apermitted
10-cm-high onlyifportion Airice block 2.104 extends 599
2.146 lb 681 lb at 6.22 f
PROPRIETARY
Flotación
whose volume is V? What 2006 The McGraw-Hill
direction pair 40Companies,
=and psi line of Inc. son 0.92 distribution
they water
1.025, on they dome
respectivamente. 6Siftof
tothe differential una theparte manometer
de
2.106 10 cm 426de
reading
kN,al- 2.46is 7 ft 2.133
m below 2.130su
teachersson diferentes?
and educators
action of the buoyant force?Explique.
for course preparation. If you are a student using this Manual,
above
to delyouthe
andare
bloque using
surface
the air
FIGURA
de it
ofwithout
the
pressure
hielo P3-85se permission.
water,
at the
extiende determine
upper por end the
of
encima
A height
the
Bulge de of
manometer
la 2.148
the
superficie ice
is 89.5%
12.6 psi. ing abo
3-77C ¿Qué es fuerza de flotación? ¿Qué la causa? Pivot ¿Cuál es block below the surface. Water 87.6 cm
Answer: x 2.108 2.34 ft 2 and ha
2.150 de la8.63 ft!s mine t
la3-81C 3–78C
magnitud Comente
Consider
de la fuerza la twoestabilidad
deidentical
flotación despherical
a)que un actúa
cuerpoballs sumergido
sobresubmergedun cuerpo y inb) del agua, determine la altura del bloque de hielo 2.110
Liquid
por abajo 0.146 2
uno waterflotante,
at cuyo
different centro
depths. 12 de gravedad
Will
in. the está
buoyant arriba
forces del centro
acting onde 4m
superficie. Respuesta: 87.6 15 ft
cm 2.152
2.116 392 kN; 437 kN; Yes
1a2 68.9 lb!ft the wa ;1
sumergido cuyo volumen es V? ¿Cuáles son la dirección y la lí- 3m 3 ft
flotación.
these two balls be
nea de acción de la fuerza de flotación? the same 10
or in.
different? Explain. ■ Figure P2.123 10 cm 2.118 2.154
581 lb; 30'
0.289 psi
3-82 un4.3-in. diameter 3-86 Se deja caer una roca de granito (r ! 22.120 700 kg/m 2.156
7.77
3) en 9
&h 10!lba!!g acting 406
3-78C 3–79CDebe Considere determinarse
Consider dostwo bolas la densidad
5-cm-diameter 1m
esféricas despherical
idénticas líquido
sumergidas mediante
balls—one en un lago. Un hombre se 1 m
sumerge y trata de levantarla. Determi-
unmade hidrómetro viejo cilíndrico deof1 iron—submerged
cm de diámetro cuyas mar- 2.122 64.4 kN 2.158 6.04 rad!s
of aluminum, the
agua a profundidades diferentes. Las fuerzas de flotación queother in water. 2.124fuerza Sea
A 12-in.-diameter pipepara contains 60°a gas del under2.160 a pressure
cas dethe división están borradas por completo. Primero, thesesame deja ne cuánta necesitaCubic aplicar levantarla 2.124 fondo 3360 psi del5.76 of ft
actúan Will sobrebuoyant ellas ¿son forces las acting
mismas onothese two balls
son diferentes? be Explique. lago. 140 psi.
¿Cree el If the pipe
lector que wall
ice block
puede thickness
hacerlo? is h14 in., what is the average cir-
caer el hidrómetro
or different? Explain. en agua ■ Figure
y se marca P2.118 el nivel correspondiente cumferential stress developed in the pipe wall? 2.126 2.162
203 kN 28.8
down kPa
3-79C Considere ■ Figure P2.121
a ésta. Después se dosdejabolas caer esféricas
en
■ el Figureotrode diámetro
líquido
P2.122 y se5observa cm —una que 3-87 Se dice que Arquímedes ■ Figure descubrió P2.128 su principio2.128 3370 mientras lb; 882 lb
dela3–80C Consider ade3-kg copper quecube and a 3-kg copper 2.125yaAque cylindrical
estaba tank with its axis horizontal has a diameter
kNsi3 of
aluminio
marca para y laelotra agua ha acero—
ascendido están
0.5 cmsumergidas
por arriba endeagua.laball
in- se bañaba, pensando cómo podría 2.130 485
Chapter
determinar
Las submerged
fuerzas de in a
flotación liquid. 2.119
que Will
actúan Athe tank wall
buoyant
sobre ellashas the
forces
¿son shape
lasacting shown
mismas on in Fig. P2.119. 2.0Determine
m and a length 2.122 of 4.0 m. The The ends of2.132
homogeneous thegatetank
46.8 shownare
lb!ft vertical
in3 Fig. 8m
P2.122 co
terfaz líquido-aire. Si la altura de la marca para el agua es de 10 la corona del rey Herón era en realidad de oro puro.3.2 Cuando 13.7 m!s
these two bodies be the the
same horizontal
opensor and
slightly
different? vertical
and
Explain. components
lets the water of the
flow force
under of planes.
the
it. water
Determine A vertical
on theof 0.1-m-diameter
one quarter of a pipe
circular is connected
cylinder and to is theused top toof maintain pAa
ocm, son determine
diferentes?laExplique. densidad del líquido. estaba the en tank.
la tinaThe de tankbaño,and concibió la idea de 2.134
que podía1.22 ft;
deter-
3.4alcohol no change
a 4-ftweight lengthofofthe thegate curved per section depth ofthe 4 m. pipeThat areis,filledwhenwith the ethyl
water depth#30.0 to a kPa!m
exceeds 4 m,
3-80C 3–81CConsidere Discuss un thecubo stability de cobre of (a)dea submerged 3 kg y unaand
meter ofAB.
bola(b)dela
length.
levelFIGUREof31.5 mP3–85 above the top of the tank. Determine 2.136 786,000
3.6the resultant lb;
#0.838 315,000psi!ft;lb th0
floating body 2.123 The concrete (specific weight ! 150 lb/ft ) seawall 2.138 54,600 lb
mismo metal de whose
3 kg sumergidas center of gravity en un líquido. is aboveLas thefuerzas center de of force of the alcohol on one end of the tank and show 4-ft3.8 where1a2
diameter #2ra2V 2 [1
it acts. 0
 3m
hol on the bottom half of the tank. 3.35 h 5 7.85 mm s 5 0.308 3 ft
1.5 m ■ Figure P2.130 3 ft
2.127 If the tank ends in Problem 2.125 H are hemispherical, what
F 3.37 l 5 0.407 m Top
is the magnitude of the resultant horizontal force of the alcohol on
2.131 Three gates of negligible weight are
PM used to 96 hold back
 one of the 6curved
ft ends?
COMPILADO Water
PROBLEMAS
3m A DE FUERZAS c02FluidStatics.qxd
3.39 x5 a channelS3of
water inSOBRE
in 2/22/12
0.1053 UPERFICIES
ft 3width
ft 6 ftb as3 ftshown
3 ft
5:51
SUMERGIDAS
in Fig. P2.131.
Page :  
3 ft 3 ft The force
2.128
Water GO An openCtank
Bulge containing water
ENGEL – WHITE – MUNSON – F has a bulge in
30°its ver-
. gate
 tical side that is semicircular in shape as shown in Fig. P2.128. De- 3.43
of the
OX ∆z 5 against
270 the m block
for 3% for gate (b) is R.drop
pressure Determine ∆z   455 m for 5% de
(in terms
5
Ing. of R)Lizcano
Waldo the force G. against the blocks for the other two gates. 3 ft
termine the horizontal and vertical components of the force that 23 Water
the water6 ftexerts on P3.66 Base your analysis on a 1-ft length 3.45   ρ 5 3.32 3 10
3 ftthe bulge. kg/m3 3 ft

of the bulge.
Section 2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stability 3 ft
3.67 A Bulge long, square wooden block is pivoted along one edge.
3.47 F 5 14.7 kN F 5 52.6 kN
Water
The 2.132 Obtain
1atm a photograph/image 0.5atm of a situation in which 3 ft
2.129 A block
closedistankin equilibrium
is filled with when immersed
water and hasina water 4-ft- to the
Archimede’s principle is important. Print this photo and write 3 ft a
diameter hemispherical
depth shown.dome as shown
Evaluate in Fig. 2.129.
the specific gravityAofU-tube the wood,
3.49 if p 5 0.289 psig
A96 5 0.416
pcurvas psig pC 5 1.048 psig pai
manometer friction 3 ft in the
is connected topivot
the tank. Determine the vertical force of
is negligible. brief c )
paragraph Superficies
that describes
Chapter 2
Front the
■ Bsituation
Fluid Statics No
involved.
Side Cilíndricas
the water on the dome if the differential manometer L
reading is 7 ft 2.133 p Aair2 5 0.668
freshly cut logpsig
P3.70 floats with one fourth of its volume protrud-
Figure
■ the
and P2.128at the upper end of the manometer
air pressure
Air
is 12.6 psi. ing above the water surface. Determine the specific weight of the log.
BMAns.qxd 2/15/12 9:01 PM Page3.51 ANS-2 FR3.71 5 81.3 Thelbf gate shown yu 5 0.938 is 1.5 ft m wide and pivoted at O;
d = 0.5 m a 5 1.0 m22, D 5 1.20 m, and H 5 1.40 m. Determine (a) the
etermine the Wood L = p1.0
A m 3.55 FR magnitude5 2.04 Nand moment of the vertical component of the force
Air about O, and (b) the horizontal force that must be applied at
■ Figure P2.128 Water Pivot
/ft3) seawall 3.57 FR point 5 552A kN to hold the yu 5 gate 2.00 m
in position. xu 5 2.50 m Water
4-ft diameter
eawater at a 20 psi Pivot, O y 4m
srmine
illustrated.
the pA
3.59 F 5 600 lbf
gth) with re- P3.67 5 ft Air 3.63 D 3.74 5 8.66 Anftopen A
3.79
3
) seawall 3.68 A solid concrete dam ANS-2
4-ft diameter
is to be built to Answers
hold back to Selected
a depth Even-Numbered1m
tank
Gate is filled
Homework with water
Problems to the depth indicated.
2 ft Atmospheric pressure acts on all outer surfaces of the tank. 6m
water at a 20 psi D of water. For ease of construction the walls of the dam must
3.65 d 5 2.66 m Water
Water Determine the magnitude and lineD of action H of the vertical the
llustrated. be planar. Your supervisor2.64 asks you to
0.304 ft consider the following x = ay 3.28
3
46.5 m!s
h) with re- dam cross-sections: a rectangle,5 ft2a ftright triangle with 2the SG component
3.67 5 0.542 1!2of the force of the water on the curved part of the dire
2.66 ! ! [d " 11.31 Gage # 1d " 18.61d " 1282 ]!2 3.32 20.9 ft!s x
hypotenuse in contact with the water, and a right triangle with ■ Figure
tank bottom.P2.122
O ■ Figu
the vertical in contact 2 ft with2.68the 36,000
water. She lb(SGfluid 3.69to FV 5 831 kN P3.71
= 3.0) you
wishes 3.34 45.7 ft
determine 2.70 p ! 0.416
Water which of these would require the least amount of u 3.36 1248 lb!ft2
P2.129 What will your 2.74
■ Figureconcrete. 2.90
report 2say? lb decide to look at
You 3.71 F V3.72
5
opens The
7.62 parabolic
kN
slightly and gate
xuF
lets 5
shown
the
V 3.40 wateris kN
3.76 m !wide
2flow
20.8 m lb!sandit.Fpivoted
under 5 25.71
Determine
A at O;thekN
ft
Gage weight
c 5 0.25 of m21gate
the , D5 per 2 meter
m, and of length.
H 5 3 m. Determine 3 (a) the
one more possibility: a nonright 2.76 triangle,
12.19 ftas fluid shown. Develop Water 3.42 0.0119 ft !s
3.73 FV2.123 5 2011 lbf
magnitude and linexuof5 1.553
action
The concrete (specific
offtthe vertical force on the
weight ! 150 lb/ft3) seawall
gate
and plot an expression
2.130 function A 3-m-diameter 35100openlb 2.78
for
hacia the
cylindrical 7200 tank lb
cross-section
arriba (SG = 3.0)
contains
area A as a
water due to the water, (b) the3.44 15.4
horizontal 10
mforce
ft applied at A
of a, and find the minimum
and has a hemispherical bottom as 2.80 shown 665 in Fig.
cross-sectional
lb P2.130. Deter- 3.75 FVofrequired
area. 5Fig.2ρgwR P2.1232π/4 has a curved
toft. maintain xu 5
the 3.46surface
4R/3π
gate in0.223
and restrains
4isfta ft;
equilibrium, 9.22 and seawater
lb!ft 2
(c) the
at a 20 p
■ mineFigure P2.129 depth of 24 The trace of the surface parabola5 as illustrated.
3
the magnitude, line of action,2.82 107 kPa
and direction of the force of vertical force
Determine the 7applied of
moment
10 A3.48
atftthe required
fluid 2.45
" to(per
force & 10unitkN!m
maintain length)the gate ; with
5.50 inre-& 10 3.80#6
m3
the water on the curved bottom. 3.77 F 5 1.83 3 10 N α 5 19.9
12 ft
Water 2.84 7.11 m; No to an axis through the 3.50 3.19 A).ft
V equilibrium. 6m
spect toe (point
3
2.130 A 3-m-diameter open cylindrical 2.86 Ftank B ! $%R
contains 3
!4 water 3.79 FV 5 416 kN P3.74
y
FH 5 370 kN 3.52 0.0156 m
α 5 48.3 !s for " any D
F 5 557 kNacti
D
and has a hemispherical bottom as shown
2.88 in 1a2 Fig. P2.130.
9.00 ft; 1b2Deter-
11,200 lb; 1c2 0 3.75 lb A spillway gate formed 3.54 6.59
! in the shape ft; B above
" of a circular arc is
A A 3.81
mine the magnitude, line of action, and
pressure of the water on the curved bottom. 2.90 direction
33,900 of the
lb force of 3.74 An F
openH wtankm ρgRis
wide.
2
filled
Find with m
the water
magnitude 3.56
to the D
depth
and 3π!
line D ![1
indicated.
of action # of 1p 2 3.79
thegD 4 Consider
verticalz!8Q 2 1!4 dam
] th
3.81
Atmospheric 5
pressure acts 5outer 2
ρR surfaces 1 1 of the 1 1
average cir- 2.92 373 kN w component 2 Seawaterofon thewH
all
force 3.58
due to all3.13
fluids
4 ft tank.
acting
Gate on the 6 m.
gate. If the fluidof ot
Water
Determine the magnitude and line of action
3.60 2.94 m of the vertical the right has aforsp
α2.94
b 314 kN; 497 kN D
0.2x2 on the2 curved
y = water
3.85 Mof5the
component 5080 force lbm of the = cx2 part of the A = 1direction ft 2 of the forc
diameter of Water 2.96 1680 lb 3.62 ft y0.0758 ft3!s; 499Blb!ft = 10 ft2; 488 lb!ft ;
■ Figu
2
b tank bottom.24 ft x 3.82
are vertical
ressure of 8 m
2.100 3.63 ft R 3.64 1a2 3.98 ft; 1b2 36.0 ft!s; #510 lb!ft Water
o the top
3.87 M 5 1895 lbm O
verage cir- of P3.68 2.102 1a2 2.11 m; 1b2 941 kN y 3.66 19.63 psi xy – Ay = B cyli
alcohol to a P3.72 2.130 m 3w
3.69 For the geometry shown, 2.104 599 lb vertical force3.89 h 5 177 mm 3.68 10 Aft6.26 m = 9 ft
the
iameterresultant
of
what is the on the 3.73 Liquid concrete is poured into the x form (R #3 = 2 Hft). The and ha
dep
where it acts. 8 m dam? The steps are 0.5 m 2.106
Water
high, 0.5426 m deep,kN, 2.46and 3m m below
wide. surface form isWater w = 15
h = R 3.70
Fairft wide normal 1a2
to 1.06 & 10 ;Compute
the diagram. 1b2 3.02 & 10mine #3
;on0.th
re vertical 15 ft 3.72
2.108 2.34 ft 3.91 SGthe 5 magnitude
SGw Waterof the 29.5
y
Pa the forc
wat
athehorizontal
top of
2.110 0.146
Fair 2 Fnet vertical 10 ft
3.74
force
0
x exerted
1gage2; 0.146 m
on the form
P3
of thetoalco-
cohol a 3m
■ Figure P2.123
by the concrete, and specify 4 ft its line of action. forc
7 ft 3 1.67 ft
e resultant 2.116 392 kN; 437 kN; Yes 10 ft 3.76 F1a2 V 0.0696 m !s; 1b23.80 0.574Amcylindrica
ere it acts. ■ Figure P2.130 P3.75 12 ft P3.76H!H ! 1!11 " cx!L2 1!2
herical, what Water
2.118 581 lb; 0.289 psi 3.78 0 6 m. , where
Find the ma
2.124
3.76 A 12-in.-diameter pipe contains a gas under a pressure
2 of
e alcohol on
horizontal 9
2.120 7.77 & 10 lb acting 406 ft above 140 psi. baseA
P3.74 dam is to be constructed
If the pipe wall thickness is 4 in., what c 1 ! using
2$ the
d
H2O is max !rV
cross-section
the average 0
acting
cir-
on the we
f the alco- 2.131 Three gates of negligible weight are Dam used to hold back shown. Assume the
Concrete dam width is w 5 160 ft.
dF For water height
3m 2.122 64.4 kN 3.75 A spillway cumferential
gate formed stressindeveloped
the shape h3.80 thea0.0132
inRof pipe
circular wall?marc3
!s is 3.81 A cylindrica
water in a channel of width b as shown in Fig. P2.131. The force H 5 9 ft, calculate the magnitude and line of action of the dam. vertical
ge in its ver- ■ of Figure
the gate against the block for gate2.124
P2.130 (b) is R.3360 psi (in terms
Determine w m wide. Find 2.125 the magnitude
force A
of cylindrical
water on
and tank
the
line
damwith 3.82
of action
its
face. axis
Is 2.50
θof
it
thein.
horizontal
possible
vertical
forhas water a diameter
forces
The water i
of
tolog is level
P2.128.
rical, whatDe- of R) the force against the blocks for 2.126 203two kN gates.
down component of the force due to all 4.0 3.84
fluids acting on the gate. of the
he forceon that
the other 2.0 m and this
overturn a length
dam? of Under m.
what The 4ends of the will
circumstances tankthis arehappen?
vertical 8 m
alcohol P3.69
planes. A verticalP3.73 connected to thefor top(a) ofthe mass o
a 1-ft length 2.131 Three gates of negligible 2.128
weight are 3370
used lb;
to 882
hold lb
back 0.1-m-diameter 3.86 pipe
13.0 is psi
Section 2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation,2.130 and Stability
485 kN The force
3.77
the tank.A TheTainter tank 2 ftgate
and used
the pipe toare control
filled A = water
1 ft
with3
10!s;
ethylflow
ft 1b2 21.3 ft
from
alcohol force totheper
a unit le
water in a channel of width b as shown in Fig. P2.131. 3.88 River 0.607 B =ft 2
in its ver- of the gate against the block for gate (b) is R. Determine 3(in terms level of 1.5 mDam
Uniontown aboveonthethe topOhio of the tank. WaterisDetermine
shown; thethe gateresultant
3.82 width A curved s
4-ft- of R) the force against the blocks for 2.132
2.132 Obtain a photograph/image of a46.8 lb!ft in which
situation R
3.90 3
!sshow where
has aDe-
2.128. the other two gates. force
is wof 5 the
35 m. alcohol
Determineon one the end of the0.123
magnitude, tank and ftdirection, it acts.
andcylinder
line of with R 5
Archimede’s principle is important.2.134 Print this photo
1.22 ft; no changeand write a 3.92 xy – Ay =
0.400 B
ft split Buoy
9. A U-tube
force that actionImagine
2.126 of the force the10tank from of theProblem water acting
2.125 on the by agate. horizontal
brief paragraph that describes the situation involved. m wide. Water s
ticallength
1-ft force of 2.136 786,000 lb; 315,000 lb ft
3.94 R ! H0.998
= 9 ft z
1!4
3.83
Section 2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and
eading is 7 ft 2.133 A freshly cut log floats with one fourthStability
of its volume
plane. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force of the depthalco-H 5 0.650
2.138 54,600 lb protrud- hol onhthe =R
bottom half of the3.100 tank. 404.5 kPa on the curved shos
r is a12.6
has psi. 2.132
4-ft-
ing above
Obtainthe water surface. Determineoftheaspecific
a photograph/image
2.142 127 situation weight
lb in ofwhich
the log. y ■ Figu
Archimede’s principle is important. Print this photo and write a 3 2.127 If the tank ends
Water in 3.102 2.125
x Problem 252 kPa; are 114 kPa force.
hemispherical, what Find the canm
A U-tube R = 20 m
2.144
brief paragraph that describes the situation involved. 18.9 kPa; 0.208 m is the magnitude of the 3.104
resultant 9.10
horizontal D & = 10
force
10
#3
m of m the 3
!s; 57.9
alcohol
force kPa
onon the 3.84
surf
al force of 2.146 681 lb at 6.22 ft to right of A one of the curved ends? 73.106 ft 1.67 ft
ding is 7 ft 2.133 A freshly cut log floats with one fourth of its volume protrud- P3.75 3120 ft3!s; 2080 ft3!s; 2200 ft2.131 3
!scyli
2.148 89.5% P3.76 2 Water water i
s 12.6 psi. ing above the water surface. Determine the specific weight2of the log. 2.128 An open tank 3.108
containing 155 water N!m has a bulge in its ver- of the witg
2.150 8.63 ft!s 3.76 A dam is to GO
be constructed
tical side that is semicircular3.112 using the
in shape0.630 cross-section
as shown ft; 4.48in Fig. ft P2.128. De- of R) ingth
2.152 1a2 68.9 lb!ft2; 1b2 shown. 57.4 lbAssume terminethe dam width is wand
the horizontal 5 160 ft. For
vertical water height
components #3of the 3 force that
P3.77 3.116 6.10 & 10 m !s whi
the water
H 5 9 ft, calculate exerts on the
the magnitude andbulge.
line ofBase action your
of the analysis
vertical on a 1-ft length
2.154 30' 3.118 1.016 in. Sectio the
force of water ofon
3.78 thethebulge.
Adamgate,face. in theIs itshape
possible of afor water forces
quarter-cylinder, to hinged at A ran
2.156 h ! a!!g 3.120 1.73 m 2
!s
overturn this2.129
dam?
and sealedUnderA what
at B, is
closedcircumstances
3m tankwide. The
is filled willbottom
this happen?
with waterof the andgate hasisa4.5 4-ft-m 2.132
2.158 6.04 rad!s 3.122 25.4 m; 6.51 m; #9.59 mat Archim
2.160 5.76 ft
3.77 A Tainter diameter
below gatethe hemispherical
used water to surface.
controldome as shown
Determine
water flow the in
fromFig.
force 2.129.
the on the A stop
U-tube
brief pa
manometer is Ohio
connected P
Uniontown Dam B if on thethe gate Rivertoofisthe
is made tank. Determine
concrete;
shown; the 5 3 m.
R gate the vertical force of
width
 component of the force due to all fluids acting on the gate. of the log is level with the top of the dam. Obtain expressions
3.37 l 5 0.407 m for (a) the mass of the log per unit length and (b) the contact
2 ft A = 1 ft force per unit length between the log and dam.
B = 10 ft2
R 3.39 x 5 0.1053 in 3.82 A curved surface is formed as a quarter of a circular
Water
  COMPILADO PROBLEMAS DE FUERZAS
3.43 ∆z 5 270 m for 3% pressure drop
xy – Ay = B
SOBRE
cylinder
∆zwith
S
RUPERFICIES
5 4555m0.750
for m
5%
SUMERGIDAS
as density
shown. The :  
dropsurface is w 5 3.55
  CENGEL10–ftWHITE –23 MUNSONH=3
9 ft
– FOX.
m wide. Water stands to the right of the curved   to
surface
h=R
3.45 ρ 5 3.32 3 10 kg/m Ing. Waldodepth H 5 0.650
Lizcano G. m. Calculate the vertical hydrostatic force
on the curved surface. Evaluate the line of action of this
Water
3.47 y
F1atmx 5 14.7 kN
  Find the magnitude
F0.5atm 5 52.6force.
kN and line of action of the horizontal
pA 5 0.289 force on
pCthe surface.
3.49 1.67 ft pB 5 0.416 psig
7 ft psig 5 1.048 psig pair1 5 0.036 psig
P3.75 pair2 5 0.668 Problems
P3.76 psig 91
3.76 A dam is to be3.51 constructed usinglbfthe cross-section
FR 5 81.3 yu 5 0.938 ft
dicated.
c3.79
) Superficies
shown. Assume the curvas
dam width -
is wSegmentos
5 160 ft. For
Consider the cylindrical weir of diameter 3 mwater height
and length Water H
he tank. H 5 9Ifft,the
Circulares
6 m. calculate the
fluid on the 3.55
left has aFand
magnitude R 5line
2.04
specificof N of
action
gravity of1.6,
the vertical
and on R
vertical force of water on the dam face. Is it possible for water forces to
the right has a specific 3.57
gravity Fof 0.8, find the magnitude andm θ
overturn R 5 552 kN will this
yu 5 2.00 xu 5 2.50 m
rt of the directionthis dam?
of the Under what
resultant circumstances
force. happen?
3.77 A Tainter gate used 5 600 water
3.59 to Fcontrol lbf flow from the
P3.82
Uniontown Dam on the Ohio River is shown; the gate width
is w 5 35 m. Determine 3.63
the D 5 8.66direction,
magnitude, ft and line of
3.0 m D = 3.0 m
action of the force from the water
3.65 acting
d 5 2.66
1.5 mmon the gate.
Buoyancy and Stability
3.83 If you throw an anchor out of your canoe but the rope is too
3.67 SG 5 0.542 short for the anchor to rest on the bottom of the pond, will your
P3.79, P3.80
3.69 FV 5 831 kN canoe float higher, lower, or stay the same? Prove your answer.
R = 20 m
3.80 A cylindrical weir has a diameter
D= of10
3mm and a length of 3.84 A curved submerged surface, in the shape of a quarter
6 m. Find the magnitude 3.71 FV 5 7.62
and direction of kN xuFV 5
the resultant 3.76 kN !cylinder
force m A 5 25.71
Fwith radius kN
R 5 1.0 ft is shown. The form can
acting on the weir from the water. Water
3.73 FV 5 2011 lbf xu 5 1.553 ft withstand a maximum vertical load of 350 lbf before break-
ar arc is 3.81 A cylindrical log of diameter D rests against 2
the top of a ing. The width is w 5 4 ft. Find the maximum depth H to
vertical dam. The water is level3.75
with the 5 of
FVtop 2ρgwR
the log π/4
and the xu 5 4R/3π which the form may be filled. Find the line of action of
center
P3.77
gate. of the log is level with the top of the dam. Obtain 7 expressions the vertical force for this condition. Plot the results over the
3.78 A the
gate, in the shape V 5 1.83 3 10 N
3.77of a Fquarter-cylinder, αat5A19.9"
for (a) mass of the log per unit length and (b)hingedthe contact range of concrete depth 0 # H # R.
1 ft and
forcesealed at B,
per unit is 3 mbetween
length wide. The bottom
3.79 FV 5 416 kN
the log and of the
dam. gate is 4.5
FH 5 370 kN m α 5 48.3" F 5 557 kN
10 ft2 below the water surface. Determine the force on the stop at w
3.82 A curved surface is formed as a quarter
B if the gate is made of concrete; FH R 5ρgR 3 m.2 of a circular
m
!
3π
"
cylinder with R 5 0.7503.81 m as shown. 5 The surface is 5 w5 ρR 2
3.55 1 1 d
m wide. Water stands to the right w of the 2 curvedwsurface to 4 R
= 9 ft
depth H 5 0.650 m. Calculate the vertical hydrostatic force H
3.85
A WaterM 5 5080 lbm y
on the curved surface. Evaluate the line of action of this y = ax 2
D
line5of1895 x
force. Find the magnitude 3.87and M lbm
action of the horizontal
force on the surface. R
B3.89 h 5 177 mm P3.84 P3.85
Fair 3.85 The cross-sectional shape of a canoe is modeled by the
s-section 3.91
P3.78 SG 5 SGw curve y 5 ax2, where a 5 1.2 ft21 and the coordinates are in
er height Fair 2 Fnet
Water H
e vertical R
forces to θ
happen?
rom the
P3.82
te width
d line of
e. Buoyancy and Stability
3.83 If you throw an anchor out of your canoe but the rope is too
short for the anchor to rest on the bottom of the pond, will your
canoe float higher, lower, or stay the same? Prove your answer.
3.84 A curved submerged surface, in the shape of a quarter
cylinder with radius R 5 1.0 ft is shown. The form can
withstand a maximum vertical load of 350 lbf before break-
ing. The width is w 5 4 ft. Find the maximum depth H to
which the form may be filled. Find the line of action of
the vertical force for this condition. Plot the results over the
ged at A range of concrete depth 0 # H # R.
is 4.5 m
e stop at w

d
R
H
y
y = ax 2
x

P3.84 P3.85
3.85 The cross-sectional shape of a canoe is modeled by the
curve y 5 ax2, where a 5 1.2 ft21 and the coordinates are in