Chapter 1

Introduction

Machines nowadays are everywhere. You can see it from buttons to giant powered
vehicles. During our time, humans prefer to machines in terms of labours that can’t be done by a
human or by just making a job a lot easier. For example a lawn mower. A lawn mower is a machine
that uses one or more revolving blades to cut a lawn on an event height. The blades may be powered
either by hand pushing the mower forward to operate the mechanical blade(s), may have an electric
motor or an internal combustion engine to spin their blades

A lawn mower is a machine that is used to cut grass in a lawn. The blades of the lawn
mower are generally powered by pushing the mower forward. Lawn mowers are classified based
on different criteria. For example, according to the axis of rotation of blades we may have reel
lawn mowers (in which the axis is horizontal) and rotary lawn mowers (in which the axis is
vertical).

This machine helps people by cutting the grass so easily by not using too much energy. In
the past and even until now, cutting of grasses in the schools, sports tracks, fields, industries, hotels,
public centre, etc. was done with a cutlass. This method of manual cutting is time consuming
because human effort is needed for the cutting. Also inaccuracy in cutting level was observe using
the manual cutting method that’s why a lawn mower was invented. From pushing lawn mower up
to the high-Tech lawn mower now which is this study the remote controlled lawn mower.

A Remote controlled Lawn Mower is more suitable and easy to use than the lawn mower
with an engine, so were making a remote controlled lawn mower which is providing the high speed
rotation of blades. Cordless controlled lawn mowers are powered by a variable number modified
rechargeable batteries. Typically, more voltage means more run time and power. Batteries can be
in the interior of the mower or outside. The design of an RC lawn mower contents a blades, bed
knife, and body frame, wheels, remote and motor. The power system there are many options, but
we are using cell phone batteries which is attached to the motor that is attached too to the cutting
blades.
 The battery of this lawn mower is very useful. Not only that it has a larger capacity but it
makes the lawn mower the horsepower and accuracy of the mower. Unlike the other batteries that
are used on a toy, remote etc., they had a small capacity of energy, use a stack of those batteries
on a RC lawn mower, sure it has a bigger energy storage but it is space consuming making other
parts to not fit on the lawn mower.

Lawn mower are very common to use in an open grassy area. Even left unattended for a
few weeks grass, shrubs cover the wide ground. A lot of grass cutting machines are available in
the market for cutting grass but these machines are not able to cut thick shrubs. Therefore, these
shrubs had to be cut manually by using special cutters like brush cutters. In this work to revamp
an existing set up. Various shortcomings of the machine were carefully examined and machine
was customized to meet the requirements of a shrub cutter machine but a little more advance. That
is why we add some additional features like more battery capacity, fast acceleration and a great
horsepower.

By the early 60s gasoline powered mowers were so common that in 1961 C. B. Mills, an
expert in grass seed and lawns at the time. He probably thought of a new design to push the push
mowers away and replace it with an easier, less time and energy consuming mower and he did, the
gasoline powered lawn mowers. Today, new technology is bringing us improved mower versions.
Low emission gasoline engines with catalytic converters are being manufactured to help reduce
air pollution. Improved muffling devices are also being installed to reduce the noise pollution.
Battery powered mowers are also becoming practical.

Again based on the energy source we may have gasoline driven, electricity driven or hand
driven lawn mower. Over the years, there have been numerous developments in lawn mower
technology. But with technological advancement there also arises the need to check the impact of
machines on the environment. Pollution is the major concern with the conventional gas powered
lawn mower. Human effort is another factor that needs to be reduced. In this paper we look at
different mechanisms that have been innovated to increase efficiency of lawn mower operation
and research development work going on in respective designs.

Lawnmowers are the most common kind of grass cutter that most homeowners use.
Mowers may be rotary types, where blades swirl horizontal to the ground, or reel mowers where
blades cut vertically. Typically gas or electric powered, rotary mowers may be self-propelled or
rely on manpower to make them move. For large areas, reel mowers are pulled behind lawn
tractors. Smaller versions are manually pushed across lawns. Lawn mowers are designed to keep
grass cut short, but a good rule is to never cut off more than one-third of the height of your grass.
Most mowers have levers that allow you to raise or lower the mowing blades to cut the grass to
your desired length.
Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this study was to create a machine from parts of other machineries to create a
remote controlled lawn mower.

Specifically, these study answers the following questions:

1. Would it cut through grasses?

2. How long can the machine run?

Hypothesis

The following null hypothesis were made to serve as guide for the researchers with the study
at hand.

1.The setup of making a lawn mower that is wirelessly controlled would be 3 dynamo’s of a
toy cars,4 blades,4 wheels, remote control, receiver chip and a cell phone’s battery.

Conceptual Framework

The study entitled”RC lawn mower made out of toy parts” utilized the covering part of the
machine which are the toy parts
Examining the structure of the Dynamo, its horsepower has undergone process. The following
shows the interrelationship of the independent variable [RC lawn mower], the dependent
variable [regular lawn mowers], and the intervening variable [the process of making a lawn
mower that is remotely controlled].

PHASE 1

Building the machine out of toy parts purchased from prince Abuyog to come up a lawn mower
with the use of varying parts with its specific amounts.

PHASE 2

Testing the study produced by phase 1 by using it on school grounds with the use of checklist
to rate the effectiveness of the machine.

PHASE 3

Comparison of the study to the regular grass cutters by its horsepower, speed, and strength and
its life span.

Significance of the study

The present studies will be advantageous to the ff.

 To the community

They will be more people to not get lazy to shave their own backyard because they will not be
standing and guiding their lawn mower to cut grasses. They can now sit and easily control the
lawn mower with a remote control while not being hit by the sun’s ultraviolet rays.

To the Business minded people

Can make this study a business to the improvement of the machines. They can make good
profit out of this.

To the public grounds

Helpful to the public grounds like parks, tourists spots, or even in front of any establishments
that has a grassy grounds.

Definition of terms
The following terms are given definitions to provide clarity and better understanding of the
research study on the part of the readers.

DC motor

Serve as the engine of the machine [needs battery to run]. This runs the mower. DC motors is any
of a class of a rotary electrical machines that converts direct electrical energy into a mechanical
energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types
of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to
periodically change the current flow in part of the motor.

Receiver Chips (RF Module)

Makes the machine do what is being done on the remote control.is (usually) a small electronic
device use to transmit and/or receive radio signals between to devices. In an embedded system it
is often desirable to communicate with another device wirelessly.

Remote control

Serves as the controller of the machine to guide its direction of where it is going to. Used to control
the machine or apparatus from a distance by means of signal transmitted from a radio or electronic
device.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter covers the Review of Related Literature which presents studies, researches, readings
and literatures which are related to our present study which is entitled “Remote Controlled Lawn
Mower”.
RC lawn mowers

WE are looking for options to mowing the steeper hillsides and hard to reach areas safer. Mowers
aren’t just adept and consuming over grown grass, they are designed to eat up your precious free
time. Automated RC-mowers will not only give you well-manicured lawn, they’ll also give you
back your weekends [Ken James].They are easy to use that everyone could easily learn how to use
this kind of machine and even use this machine for fun. Today, new technology is bringing us
improved mower versions. Low emission gasoline engines with catalytic converters are being
manufactured to help reduce air pollution. Improved muffling devices are also being installed to
reduce the noise pollution. Battery powered mowers are also becoming practical (Charles
Freddington).

In this paper they have prepared manually handle device which is capable to cut the grass. This
device consists of linear blades and it does not affected by climatic conditions. The main objective
of this paper is to move the lawn mower by using a wireless remote. By using link mechanism the
height of the cut can be adjusted. The unskilled labour can easily operate this machine (Abdul
Akar). In this research we have fabricated grass cutting machine with tempered blades are attached
to this lawn mower. This lawn mower is wirelessly operated as well as automatic operated. A RC
mower rotates about a vertical axis with the blade spinning at high speed relying on impact to cut
the grass. This tends to result in a rougher cut and bruises and shreds the grass leaf resulting in
discoloration of the leaf ends as the shredded portion dies. This is particularly prevalent if the
blades become clogged or blunt. The only problem is if the blades of the mower hits a rock then
the blade(s) will or will not be destroyed (Brock Wisconsin).

“Today, if all of them in a single neighbourhood were started at once, the racket would be heard
round the world.” He probably lived next door to someone who liked to cut his grass early on a
Saturday morning. Today, new technology is bringing us improved mower versions (C.B Mills).
"I’m planning on moving my entire fleet to propane. Not only is it better for the environment, it
also increases my productivity. I’m saving money on fuel, and labour costs as well, since my crew
isn’t spending time filling up at the pump. Propane has no additives and is a clean burning system.
I save on maintenance since there is no carburettor or fuel filter to maintain (Davidge E.D).
These new mowers will quietly cutting lawns without the common cloud of blue smoke hanging
in the air, for about an hour per charge. Prices are comparable to a high-end gasoline powered
mower (C.B Mills). He introduced a mower called the Silens Messor (meaning silent cutter), which
used a chain drive to transmit power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder. These machines
were lighter and quieter than the gear-driven machines that preceded them, although they were
slightly more. (Thomas Green & Son)

Budding obtained the idea of the lawn mower after seeing a machine in a local cloth mill which
used a cutting cylinder mounted on a bench to trim cloth to make a smooth finish after weaving.
Budding realized that a similar concept would enable the cutting of grass if the mechanism could
be mounted in a wheeled frame to make the blades rotate close to the lawn's surface and would be
used wirelessly to make no efforts in moving or guiding the RC mower (Edwin Beard Budding).
Performed design and analysis of wireless remote controlled lawn mower. They tried to make a
smaller, lighter, efficient, environment friendly and direct current powered lawn mower for better
handling and endurance. An adjustable cutting height motor was introduced for better mowing of
grass at intricate locations (Singh Mehta).

Reported on the next generation RC lawn mower. The developed RC lawnmower robot was
capable of learning its environment through training. Once learned, the robot would be capable of
navigating through its environment that avoided obstacles by means of its wireless remote. The
mower could operate using machine learning techniques. This allows the mower to avoid going to
objects in the mowing area like flower beds, sidewalks, trees, driveways, etc., using a wireless
Remote control (Chandler Et Al). Studied on design and implementation of RC lawn cutter. They
developed a cordless automatic lawn mower so that the user could specify the area to be mowed
and also the height of the grass as per their requirement by using the keypad. The design contains
a wireless controller. (Patel el at.).

Reported on smart lawn mower for grass trimming operation. They presented a model of an
automated lawn mower that consists of linear blades operated with the help of a motor. The power
supply of the motor was a battery that could be charged either by electricity, (Sujendran and
Vanitha P)

CHAPTER3 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the materials and method used. This section includes the research design,
sampling design and techniques, subjects of the study, research instrument, data gathering
procedure, and statistical treatment.

• Research Design

• Phase 1 was an exploratory research design. The focus of this research study was on the
making of remote controlled lawn mower. The researchers used the robotic-design.

• The second phase was testing the function of the machine, which falls under the descriptive
research design was the appropriate method and was done to test the endurance, speed, and
strength of the desired output.

• For the 3rd phase, the researchers used the descripted comparative research design.
According to Calmorin et al. (2001) as cited in de Jesus et al., (1984), it is a comparative
survey which the researchers considers at least two entities(not manipulated) and
established a formal procedure for attaining criterion data on the basis in which he can and
conclude which of the two is better”.
 • A researcher-modified rating scale was adopted from work of Wong, D.L. the researchers
made a distinction from a different level and had changed it into less than an hour and an
hour or more. Instead of using 6 numbers in gauging the lawn mowers, the researchers with
the approval of the panel of examiners, chose only 2 which were less than an hour and an
hour or more.

FIG.1 THE CHART REPRESENTS THE RUN TIME OF THE BATTERIES USED ON THE RC
LAWN MOWER.

BATTERIES LESS THAN AN AN HOUR OR

HOUR MORE
6 PCS. 5 V
BATTERIES
6 PCS. 20 V
BATTERIES
1 CELLPHONE
BATTERY

Research procedure

Building the lawn mower

The toy parts are bought from prince Abuyog. The DC motors, receiver chip and remote were used
in the study. The fast DC motor serves as the engine of the mower. The fast motors was
distinguished from the small ones. The DC motors were upgraded and modified including the
preparation testing putting a copper wire and 2nd testing putting together and final testing.

DC motors

Upgraded and
modified

Testing

Putting
copper wire
Testin Testin
ANALYSIS OF MARKET COMPARISON

• After a certain machine was built, a comparison between the lawn mowers available on markets
or establishments to that chosen machine was done. The comparison was based on costs and
aspects between these entities. Three commercial lawn mowers were randomly selected from
the internet.
CHAPTER 4 PRESENTATION ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The researchers had come up with the following results. The table showed the percentage of the
batteries used on RC mower on the duration or run time of the batteries used.

BATTERIES HALF AN HOUR APPROXIMATELY AN HOUR OR

OR BELOW 1 HOUR MORE
6 V BATTERIES

20 V BATTERIES

CELLPHONE
BATTERY

FIG.1.3 DURATION OR RUN TIME OF EACH BATTERY USED.
Figure 3 presented that 6 V battery when used is its duration is 20 minutes, the 20 V battery
duration was 58 minutes and the cell phone battery’s duration was 2-3 hours. So the cell phone
battery is the most efficient to be used as a power source of the RC lawn mower.

RECOMMENDATIONS

In light of the study, the researchers recommend the following.

1. To study other type of batteries including its storage capacity.

2. To use a more critical process such as testing the blade(s) in an open field, to make working RC
lawn mower out of anything around you that can be used in building the research.

3. To provide a lever on the blades for adjusting on it cutting height of grasses.

4. To utilize other batteries (e.g. Eveready, dynamic, Duracell battery) as an energy source of the
mower.
 APPENDIX A

RESEARCHERS MODIFIED RATING SCALE

RATING SCALE FOR ASSESING THE DURATION OR RUN TIME OF THE STUDY BY
USING DIFFERENT BATTERIES.

Directions: Put a check on the box that corresponds to your answer, after which, you can have
some comments or suggestion about the machine.

BATTERIES 1 2 3
Short time run Long-time run Longer time run
A

Description.

1. Short time run.

 The battery used duration is very short didn’t reach a half hour

2. Long-time run.
  The battery used duration is long reached half or more of an hour

3. Longer time run

 The battery used duration is longer than all the batteries used, reached more than 1
hour.

Over all comment/suggestions

Abuyog Academy

Abuyog, Leyte

Remote Controlled

Lawn Mower

Submitted by:

Bacoto, Kian Bryle R.

Degaman, Kenn Francis T.

Sy, Aljon E

Cabal ,Prynces A.
Gabriles, Herbert Franz Z.

Submitted to:

Mr. Ronald J. Magaipo Jr.

Summary